NYSTCE Practice BIO Exam

A plant cell wall is largely composed of _____, a polysaccharide sugar that strengthens the cell wall.

Cellulose

Energy changes from one type to another during cellular respiration. Which of the following types of energy is present at the beginning of the process?

Chemical energy

Extensions of neurons that receive signals and lead them to the cell are called

Dendrites

In a line graph, what variable goes on the y-axis?

Dependent variable

A pure substance that cannot be reduced chemically into less complex parts is call a/an _____.

Element

When enzymes are exposed to _____, they slow down their processes and even stop working altogether.

Extreme temperature

Where in the cell are plasmids usually located?

In the cytoplasm.

How does an object's volume relate to the amount of water displaced?

It is five times as much

Which of the following is an example of studying enzyme activity inside cells?

Looking for changes in water retention by the cell membrane

What is the best use of a beaker?

Mixing and pouring substances

Environmental agents which cause mutations are referred to as _____.

Mutagens

An allele is _____.

One version of genetic variation at a particular locus

Why was environmental impact a major design constraint for the Dakota Access Pipeline?

People were concerned about oil spills contaminating their water.

In a _____ bond, nucleotides in a polynucleotide molecule are bonded between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the sugar of a second nucleotide.

Phosphodiester

How exactly do chlorophyll molecules absorb the Sun's light?

Photons of light are absorbed by the chlorophyll molecules, causing electrons to gain enough energy to escape the atom. This electron passes from molecule to molecule, carrying the energy along with it.

The study of the allelic, genotypic, and phenotypic variation in a population is called _____.

Population genetics

Demographers use _____ when illustrating information about age composition and life expectancy.

Population pyramids

Organisms whose cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles are called _____.

Prokaryotes

The procedures scientists utilize to attain knowledge about the world, taken collectively, are called the

Scientific method

Cellular communication happens across the _____ pathway.

Signal transduction

We are only aware of 10,000 species of birds. Given that fact, where would an ornithologist most likely concentrate their research to discover new bird species?

South American rain forests

What should you do if a substance is not labelled?

Tell your lab instructor

In the early embryo, how are the positions of the mesoderm and endoderm different?

The mesoderm is the middle layer of the cells, while the endoderm is the innermost layer.

When can a genetic mutation get passed down through successive generations?

When it doesn't cause significant harm to the organism's ability to survive and reproduce

Which of the following is NOT true of enzyme regulation?

Which of the following is NOT true of enzyme regulation?

What meal should you eat from if you want to get the most energy from your food?

a salad

Which of the following terms describes the living parts of an environment?

biotic factors

Which of the following is a way scientists classify, or organize, viruses?

by the shape of their capsid by who they infect by how they replicate

Organs are directly composed of which of the following?

cells

When writing equations, if there is a number in front of a compound, that number applies to all the atoms in that compound. We call that number the _____.

coefficient

Segregation of cytoplasmic content in cell division occurs during _____.

cytokinesis

The spread of organisms which is ultimately important for reproductive success is known as _____.

dispersal

What is the functional group that is formed when glycerol reacts with carboxylic acids to form triglycerides?

ester

The cerebral cortex is part of the:

forebrain

What is the term for a distinct section of DNA that codes for one protein?

gene

Dwarf species of plants can be treated with _____ in order to grow to a normal height.

gibberellins

The medulla, cerebellum, and pons are all part of the _____, which connects the brain to the spinal cord, and thus the rest of the body.

hindbrain

Which structure helps to fit large amounts of DNA fit into a tiny cell?

histones chromosomes nucleosomes

Which of the following is NOT filtered out of the glomerular capillaries?

large molecules

Let's say P is an allele that codes for purple flowers and p is an allele that codes for white flowers. A plant has alleles Pp. According to the Law of Segregation, what alleles would each gamete have?

one gamete would have P and one would have p.

When solvent molecules move across a semipermeable membrane, we call this process _____.

osmosis

When protein kinases act on each other which chain of events is set into motion?

phosphorylation cascade

Which of the following functions is carried out by intermediate filaments but not microtubules?

providing nuclear lamina stracture

The reactant in a redox reaction that readily donates electrons is called a/an:

reducing agent

Which of the following best describes the process of translation?

ribosomes make a protein from mRNA

Which organelle is described as the cell's detoxification center?

smooth ER

Chemical reactions are _____.

the processes in which molecules interact to form new substances

During cellular respiration which of the following best describes what happens to the protons?

they are pumped out of the cell before flowing back in through the ATP synthase

The description that best describes the goal of hormonal forms of contraceptives is?

to prevent fertilization and/or pregnancy

What is niche differentiation?

when more than one species with almost the same fundamental niche adapt to become specialists in different aspects of the fundamental niche