OB Chapter 28; Developmental and Genetic Influences On Child Health Promotion

The nurse is assessing a newborn who weighs 3 kg (7 lb). At what growth stage would the child weigh 12 kg (26 lb)? a. Infancy b. Toddlerhood c. Preschool age d. School age

b; Toddlerhood

The nurse notices that a child's spleen is quite large. To which age group does the child belong? a. 0-12 months b. 1-6 years c. 6-12 years d. 12-18 years

c; 6-12 years

In what type of play are children engaged in similar or identical activity without organization, division of labor, or mutual goal? a. Solitary b. Parallel c. Associative d. Cooperative

c; Associative

Frequent developmental assessments are important for which reason? a. Stable developmental periods during infancy provide an opportunity to identify any delays or deficits. b. Infants need stimulation specific to the stage of development. c. Critical periods of development occur during childhood. d. Child development is unpredictable and needs monitoring.

c; Critical periods of development occur during childhood

Which strategy would be the least appropriate for a child to use to cope? a. Learning problem solving b. Listening to music c. Having parents solve problems d. Using relaxation techniques

c; Having parents solve problems

An infant's blood glucose levels are low, and the nurse instructs the mother to perform kangaroo care. Which condition would the nurse have assessed in the child? a. Irregular sleep patterns b. Reduced metabolism c. Improper thermoregulation d. Impaired maturation

c; Improper thermoregulation

Which behavior is most characteristic of the concrete operations stage of cognitive development? a. Progression from reflex activity to imitative behavior b. Inability to put oneself in anothers place c. Increasingly logical and coherent thought processes d. Ability to think in abstract terms and draw logical conclusions

c; Increasingly logical and coherent thought processes

The nurse is assessing a child. The nurse asks the parents, "Has your child started sleeping less lately?" Which attribute of temperament is the nurse assessing? a. Adaptability b. Distractibility c. Rhythmicity d. Activity

c; Rhythmicity

Which statement is true about toy safety? a. Adults should be the only ones who select toys. b. Adults should be alert to notices of recalls by manufacturers. c. Government agencies inspect all toys on the market. d. Evaluation of toy safety is a joint effort between children and adults.

b; Adults should be alert to notices of recalls by manufacturers

The nurse is reviewing Erikson's theory about the autonomy versus shame and doubt stage. The nurse is trying to correlate it to Freud's psychosexual theory. Which stage would the nurse review in Freud's theory? a. Oral b. Anal c. Phallic d. Latency

b; Anal

An infant who weighs 7 pounds at birth would be expected to weigh how many pounds at age 1 year? a. 14 b. 16 c. 18 d. 21

d; 21

Which statement helps explain the growth and development of children? a. Development proceeds at a predictable rate. b. The sequence of developmental milestones is predictable. c. Rates of growth are consistent among children. d. At times of rapid growth, there is also acceleration of development

a; Development proceeds at a predictable rate.

The theorist who viewed developmental progression as a lifelong series of conflicts that need resolution is: a. Erikson b. Freud c. Kohlberg d. Piaget

a; Erikson

What is probably the single most important influence on growth at all stages of development? a. Nutrition b. Heredity c. Culture d. Environment

a; Nutrition

Which pattern of growth and development would be seen when a parent is working with a toddler to read the alphabet? a. Sensitive b. Sequential c. Directional d. Developmental

a; Sensitive

Which term refers to those times in an individuals life when he or she is more susceptible to positive or negative influences? a. Sensitive period b. Sequential period c. Terminal points d. Differentiation points

a; Sensitive period

A preschool child watches a nurse pour medication from a tall, thin glass to a short, wide glass. Which statement is appropriate developmentally for this age group? a. The amount of medicine is less. b. The amount of medicine did not change, only its appearance. c. Pouring medicine makes the medicine hot. d. The glass changed shape to accommodate the medicine

a; The amount of medicine is less

At what age do children tend to imitate the religious gestures and behaviors of others without understanding their significance? a. Toddlerhood b. Young school-age period c. Older school-age period d. Adolescence

a; Toddlerhood

The head-to-tail direction of growth is referred to as: a. cephalocaudal b. proximodistal c. mass to specific d. sequential

a; cephalocaudal

During their school-age years, children best understand concepts that can be seen or illustrated. The nurse knows this type of thinking is termed as: a. concrete operations. b. preoperational. c. school-age rhetoric. d. formal operations.

a; concrete operations.

According to Kohlberg, children develop moral reasoning as they mature. What is most characteristic of a preschoolers stage of moral development? a. Obeying the rules of correct behavior is important. b. Showing respect for authority is important behavior. c. Behavior that pleases others is considered good. d. Actions are determined as good or bad in terms of their consequences.

d; Actions are determined as good or bad in terms of their consequences.

Which statement made by a child's parent supports the nurse's conclusion that the child has a difficult temperament? a. "My child has predictable habits." b. "My child often cries and throws tantrums." c. "My child responds with passive resistance to new routines." d. "My child becomes inactive and moody with change in routine."

b; "My child often cries and throws tantrums."

The nurse finds that a newborn infant weighs approximately 3 kg (7 lb). Approximately how much would the child weigh when he reaches 2.5 years of age? a. 9 kg (20 lb) b. 12 kg (27 lb) c. 15 kg (33 lb) d. 17 kg (38 lb)

b; 12 kg (27 lb)

A child is 50 cm (20 inches) long in the second month of infancy. The nurse checks the baby 2 months later and finds healthy growth in the child. Approximately how long would the baby be at 4 months? a. 52 cm b. 55 cm c. 57 cm d. 60 cm

b; 55 cm

The nurse observes some children in the playroom. Which play situation exhibits the characteristics of parallel play? a. Kimberly and Amanda sharing clay to each make things b. Brian playing with his truck next to Kristina playing with her truck c. Adam playing a board game with Kyle, Steven, and Erich d. Danielle playing with a music box on her mothers lap

b; Brian playing with his truck next to Kristina playing with her truck

A mother reports that her 6-year-old child is highly active and irritable and that she has irregular habits and adapts slowly to new routines, people, or situations. According to Chess and Thomas, which category of temperament best describes this child? a. Easy child b. Difficult child c. Slow-to-warm-up child d. Fast-to-warm-up child

b; Difficult child

The nurse observes a child having difficulty getting a mobile phone to work and looking puzzled. What type of play is the child demonstrating? a. Skill play b. Dramatic or pretend play c. Social-effective play d. Sense-pleasure play

b; Dramatic or pretend play

In what age group should the nurse expect a child to develop gross motor skills? a. Birth through infancy b. Early childhood c. Later childhood d. Middle childhood

b; Early childhood

By the time children reach their twelfth birthday, they should have learned to trust others and should have developed a sense of: a. Identity b. Industry c. Integrity d. Intimacy

b; Industry

Which statement is true about the basal metabolic rate (BMR) in children? a. It is reduced by fever b. It is slightly higher in boys than in girls at all ages c. It increases with the age of child d. It decreases as proportion of surface area to body mass increases

b; It is slightly higher in boys than in girls at all ages

How does the onset of the pubertal growth spurt compare in girls and boys? a. It occurs earlier in boys b. It occurs earlier in girls c. It is about the same in both boys and girls d. In both boys and girls it depends on their growth in infancy

b; It occurs earlier in girls

The karyotype of a person is 47, XY, +21. This person is a: a. Normal ,ale b. Male with Down syndrome c. Normal female d. Female with Turner syndrome

b; Male with Down syndrome

The nurse is caring for a 2-day-old neonate who is healthy but has a low body temperature. The nurse instructs the infant's mother to place the unclothed infant on her bare chest. Which finding in the infant indicates ineffective management of the infant's condition? a. Hyperglycemia b. Metabolic acidosis c. Body weight of 21 lbs d. Body weight of 7.5 lbs

b; Metabolic acidosis

Which expected outcome would be developmentally appropriate for a hospitalized 4-year-old child? a. The child will be dressed and fed by the parents. b. The child will independently ask for play materials or other personal needs. c. The child will be able to verbalize an understanding of the reason for the hospitalization. d. The child will have a parent stay in the room at all times.

b; The child will independently ask for play materials or other personal needs.

What is characteristic of the preoperational stage of cognitive development? a. Thinking is logical b. Thinking is concrete c. Reasoning is inductive d. Generalizations can be made

b; Thinking is concrete

The nurse is teaching a student nurse about a child who only has one X chromosome. What abnormality does the child have? a. Down syndrome b. Turner syndrome c. Fragile X syndrome d. Contiguous gene syndrome

b; Turner syndrome

Often parents are confused by the terms growth and development and use the terms interchangeably. Based on the nurse's knowledge of growth and development, the most appropriate explanation of development is: a. a child grows taller all through early childhood. b. a child learns to throw a ball overhand. c. a child's weight triples during the first year. d. a child's brain increases in size until school age.

b; a child learns to throw a ball overhand.

A nurse is examining a toddler and is discussing with the mother psychosocial development according to Erikson's theories. Based on the nurse's knowledge of Erikson, the most age-appropriate activity to suggest to the mother at this stage is to: a. feed lunch. b. allow the toddler to start making choices about what to wear. c. allow the toddler to pull a talking-duck toy. d. turn on a TV show with bright colors and loud songs

b; allow the toddler to start making choices about what to wear

A patient who is undergoing stem cell therapy asks the nurse about undifferentiated cells. Which response given by the nurse is most appropriate? "These cells:" a. are able to divide at a very rapid rate." b.multiply to form any part of the body." c. can perform specialized functions." d. are similar to all other cells in the body."

b; multiply to form any part of the body

By what age does birth length usually double? a. 1 year b. 2 years c. 4 years d. 6 years

c; 4 years

The nurse is speaking to a group in the community about psychosocial development according to Erikson's life-span approach. The nurse instructs the group not to impose too many expectations on a child because the child may develop an inferiority complex. What age group of children is nurse referring to here? a. 1-3 years b. 3-6 years c. 6-12 years d. 12-18 years

c; 6-12 years

The Kohlberg moral development theory states that children are concerned with conformity and loyalty at a stage of their growth. When this stage is correlated with the cognitive development of children, what would the age group be? a. 0-2 years b. 2-7 years c. 7-11 years d. 11-15 years

c; 7-11 years

The intrauterine environment can have a profound and permanent effect on the developing fetus with or without chromosome or gene abnormalities. Most adverse intrauterine effects are the result of teratogens. The nurse is cognizant that this group of agents does not include: a. Accutane b. Rubella c. Amniotic bands d. Alcohol

c; Amniotic bands

A child is assessed and categorized in the industry versus inferiority stage according to Erikson's theory. The nurse compares the child with Freud's psychosexual development theory. At what stage would the child be categorized in Freud's theory? a. Anal b. Phallic c. Latency d. Genital

c; Latency

During assessment of a 7-month-old child, the nurse checks the child's height and weight and compares them with previous assessment records. The nurse finds that the child's height has increased by 1.25 cm, and the weight is 140 g more than in the previous month. What does the nurse infer from this observation? a. The child is displaying symptoms of Down syndrome. b. The child's weight is not ideal in relation to height. c. The child's height and weight are ideal. d. The child has a calcium deficiency due to malnutrition.

c; The child's height and weight are ideal.

What is the characteristic of the type of play that is organized by children playing with other children with the purpose of accomplishing a goal? a. The group members play independently. b. The group members act according to their own wishes. c. The group members do have assigned leadership roles. d. The group members plan activities even if the group is formed loosely.

d; The group members plan activities even if the group is formed loosely.

Lymphoid tissues such as lymph nodes are: a. Adult size by age 1 year b. Adult size by age 13 years c. Half their adult size by age 5 years. d. Twice their adult size by age 10-12 years

d; Twice their adult size by age 10-12 years

A 13-year-old girl asks the nurse how much taller she will become. She has been growing about 2 inches per year but grew 4 inches this past year. Menarche recently occurred. The nurse should base her response on knowing that: a. Growth cannot be predicted. b. The pubertal growth spurt lasts about 1 years. c. Mature height is achieved when menarche occurs. d. Approximately 95% of mature height is achieved when menarche occurs.

d; Approximately 95% of mature height is achieved when menarche occurs.

Three children playing a board game would be an example of: a. Solitary play b. Parallel play c. Associative play d. Cooperative play

d; Cooperative play

Trauma to which site can result in a growth problem for children's long bones? a. Matrix b. Connective tissue c. Calcified cartilage d. Epiphyseal cartilage plate

d; Epiphyseal cartilage plate

The predominant characteristic of the intellectual development of the child ages 2 to 7 years is egocentricity. What best describes this concept? a. Selfishness b. Self-centeredness c. preferring to play alone d. Inability to put self in anothers place

d; Inability to put self in anothers place

Which intervention should the nurse incorporate to prevent hypothermia in an infant? a. Give hot milk or hot water to the infant at regular intervals. b. Place the unclothed, diapered infant in the sun for few hours. c. Feed the infant formula, which is higher in calories. d. Put the unclothed, diapered infant on the mother's bare chest

d; Put the unclothed, diapered infant on the mother's bare chest

A toddler playing with sand and water would be participating in _____ play. a. Skill b. Dramatic c. Social-affective d. Sense-pleasure

d; Sense-pleasure

Which function of play is a major component of play at all ages? a. Creativity b. Socialization c. Intellectual development d. Sensorimotor activity

d; Sensorimotor activity

The nurse is assessing a toddler's psychosocial development using Erikson's theory. What should the nurse include in the evaluation? Select all that apply. a. Gross and fine motor skills b. Mental acuity and capability c. Level of doubt and shame d. Competition with others e. Inadequacy or inferior feelings

A, B, C

What factors indicate that parents should seek genetic counseling for their child (Select all that apply)? a. Abnormal newborn screen b. Family history of a hereditary disease c. History of hypertension in the family d. Severe colic as an infant e. Metabolic disorder

A, B, E

Play serves many purposes. In teaching parents about appropriate activities, the nurse should inform them that play serves the following function (Select all that apply): a. Intellectual development b. Physical development c. Self-awareness d. Creativity e. Temperament development

A, C, D

A nurse is preparing to administer a Denver II. Which statement(s) about the Denver II test is (are) accurate (Select all that apply)? a. All items intersected by the age line should be administered. b. There is no correction for a child born prematurely. c. The tool is an intelligence test. d. Toddlers and preschoolers should be prepared by presenting the test as a game. e. Presentation of the toys from the kit should be done one at a time.

A, D, E

The nurse is teaching a group of student nurses about developmental patterns of neonates. Which information should the nurse include in the teaching plan? Select all that apply. Infants: a. use their eyes before they use their hands. b. gain control of their feet before their hands. c. use their hands to observe things around them. d. stand erect first to get control of their back. e. have structural control of the head before the trunk

A, E

The nurse is observing parents playing with their 10-month-old daughter. What should the nurse recognize as evidence that the child is developing object permanence? a. She looks for the toy the parents hide under the blanket. b. She returns the blocks to the same spot on the table. c. She recognizes that a ball of clay is the same when flattened out. d. She bangs two cubes held in her hands.

A; She looks for the toy the parents hide under the blanket.

The nurse is developing a teaching plan about preventing fetal exposure to teratogens. Which teratogenic agents or conditions should the nurse include? Select all that apply. a. acetaminophen (Tylenol) b. isotretinoin (Accutane) c. cocaine d. hyperthermia e. ethyl alcohol f. phenytoin (Dilantin)

B, C, D, E, F

The nurse recognizes a delay in the child's developmental pattern and refers the child for further testing. Which characteristics of this child might the nurse have identified? Select all that apply: a. Dermatological disorders b. Impaired hearing ability c. Immunocompromise d. Improper communication e. Impaired social interaction

D, E

A child's skeletal age is best determined by: a. Assessment of dentition b. Assessment of height over time c. Facial bone development d. Radiographs of the hand and wrist

D; Radiographs of the hand and wrist

The nurse is caring for two children. The younger child creates complex imaginary stories using dolls and toys. The older child is engaged in building a model airplane. Which stages of development are the children likely in, according to Erikson? a. The younger child is in the trust versus mistrust stage; the older child is in the initiative versus guilt stage. b. The younger child is in the industry versus inferiority stage; the older child is in the identity versus role confusion stage. c. The younger child is in the initiative versus guilt stage; the older child is in the industry versus inferiority stage. d. The younger child is in the identity versus role confusion stage; the older child is in the trust versus mistrust stage.

c; The younger child is in the initiative versus guilt stage; the older child is in the industry versus inferiority stage.