Oceanography Chapter 7
22) The arrangement of water masses in the southern Atlantic Ocean from the surface to the bottom is ________. 22) _____ A) Antarctic Bottom Water, Antarctic Intermediate Water, North Atlantic Deep Water B) Antarctic Intermediate Water, North Atlantic Deep Water, Antarctic Bottom Water C) North Atlantic Deep Water, Antarctic Bottom Water, Antarctic Intermediate Water D) Antarctic Intermediate Water, Antarctic Bottom Water, North Atlantic Deep Water E) North Atlantic Deep Water, Antarctic Intermediate Water, Antarctic Bottom Water
Antarctic intermediate water, north Atlantic deep water, antarctic bottom water
32) Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents directly? 32) _____ A) Pressure gradients B) Anchored buoys C) Doppler flow meters D) Accidental spills from container ships E) Radar altimeters
accidental spills from container ships
14) Western intensification causes ________. 14) _____ A) equatorial countercurrents B) the center of the gyre to be shift to the west C) a steeper slope of surface water in the western section of the gyre as compare to the eastern section of the gyre D) very swift western boundary currents E) All of the choices are the result of westward intensification.
all of the choices are the result of westward intensitification
69) The main current in Antarctic waters is the ________ Current.69) _____ A) Antarctic Circumpolar B) Malvinas C) South Equatorial D) Benguela E) South Australian
antarctic circumpolar
70) Which of the following is the only current that completely circumscribes Earth? 70) _____ A) South Australian B) Benguela C) Malvinas D) Antarctic Circumpolar E) South Equatorial
antarctic circumpolar
8) Compared to western boundary currents, eastern boundary currents are ________. 8) _____ A) shallow and swift B) narrow and deep C) deep and swift D) broad and deep E) broad and slow
broad and slow
65) Which of the following currents contributes to the South Western United States being arid? 65) _____ A) Brazil Current B) California Current C) North Pacific Current D) Canary Current E) North Equatorial Current
california current
17) When a meander from the Gulf Stream pinches off and isolates a body of water within the North Atlantic gyre, the body of water is called a ________. 17) _____ A) geostrophic circulation B) Langmuir cell C) warm core ring D) cyclonic circulation E) cold core ring
cold core ring
43) An increase in seawater density can be caused by a ________ in temperature or a/an ________ in salinity. 43) _____ A) increase; decrease B) decrease; increase C) decrease; decrease D) increase; increase
decrease; increase
6) Compared to an eastern boundary current in a gyre, which of the following statements is true for a western boundary current? 6) _____ A) Warmer water B) Increased current velocity C) Deeper current D) Narrower current E) Deeper currents, increased current velocity, warmer water, and narrower current are all true of western boundary currents
deeper currents, increased current velocity, warmer water, and narrower current are all true of western boundary currents
20) Thermohaline circulation is driven by ________. 20) _____ A) density differences B) the Coriolis effect C) longitude D) latitude E) wind
density differences
1) Deep ocean currents are driven primarily by ________ and caused by ________. 1) _____ A) wind; the Coriolis effect and land B) density differences; the Coriolis effect and land C) density differences; differences in salinity and temperature D) latitude; differences in salinity and land E) wind; gravity and density
density differences; differences in salinity and temperature
35) Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents indirectly? 35) _____ A) Doppler flow meters B) Radio-transmitting float bottles C) Propeller flow meters D) Accidental spills from container ships E) Free-drifting Argo floats
doppler flow meters
67) Converging surface waters are areas of ________ and ________ productivity. 67) _____ A) upwelling; high B) downwelling; low C) upwelling; low D) downwelling; high
downwelling; low
60) The observation that ships and icebergs in the southern hemisphere float to the left of the wind direction is an example of which of the following? 60) _____ A) Eastern intensification B) Western intensification C) Geostrophic current D) Equatorial upwelling E) Ekman transport
ekman transport
63) Coastal winds can cause upwelling or downwelling due to which of the following? 63) _____ A) Ekman transport B) Western intensification C) Geostrophic current D) Eastern intensification E) Equatorial upwelling
ekman transport
18) During winter months, monsoon winds over the Indian Ocean ________. 18) _____ A) flow from sea to land and are wet B) flow from land to sea and are wet C) flow from land to sea and are dry D) flow from sea to land and are dry E) the direction of airflow is unchanged but precipitation increases
flow from land to sea and are dry
38) Which of the following methods are used to measure deep ocean currents directly? 38) _____ A) Radio-transmitting float bottles B) Accidental spills from container ships C) Free-drifting Argo floats D) Propeller flow meters E) Radar altimeters
free-drifting argo floats
11) Which type of current flow moves in a circular path around a subtropical convergence, reflecting Ekman transport, gravity, and the Coriolis effect? 11) _____ A) Density-driven circulation B) Counter-current circulation C) Langmuir circulation D) Thermohaline circulation E) Geostrophic circulation
geostrophic circulation
13) Geostrophic circulation within a gyre is driven by ________. 13) _____ A) salinity and gravity B) the wind and pressure C) density and the wind D) temperature and pressure E) gravity and the Coriolis effect
gravity and the Coriolis effect
24) Deep-water circulation brings dense, cold, oxygen-rich water from the surface to the deep ocean because of ________. 24) _____ A) greater dissolution of oxygen in colder water than warmer water B) greater rates of photosynthesis in deep water C) increases in pH with depth D) decreases in pH with depth E) greater volcanic out-gassing at the ocean surface
greater dissolution of oxygen in colder water than warmer water
64) Which of the following currents contributes to the South Eastern United States being humid? 64) _____ A) California Current B) North Atlantic Current C) North Equatorial Current D) Brazil Current E) Gulf Stream
gulf stream
9) Which of the following is NOT an eastern boundary current? 9) _____ A) West Australian Current B) Gulf Stream C) Peru Current D) Canary Current E) California Current
gulf stream
21) Compared to Antarctic Bottom Water, North Atlantic Deep Water is ________. 21) _____ A) colder B) higher in salinity C) higher in nutrients D) denser E) lower in oxygen
higher in salinity
42) Deep-water currents move ________ volumes of water and are much ________ than surface currents. 42) _____ A) larger; faster B) smaller; slower C) larger; slower D) smaller; faster
larger; slower
31) Ocean surface currents transfer about ________ of the total amount of heat from the tropics to the poles. 31) _____ A) three-fourths B) one-half C) one-fourth D) one-third E) two-thirds
one-third
40) Warm currents flowing ________ on the ________ sides of continents produce warm, humid conditions. 40) _____ A) toward the equator; western B) toward the equator; eastern C) poleward; western D) poleward; eastern
poleward; eastern
36) Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents indirectly? 36) _____ A) Radio-transmitting float bottles B) Accidental spills from container ships C) Pressure gradients D) Propeller flow meters E) Free-drifting Argo floats
pressure gradients
33) Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents directly? 33) _____ A) Radar altimeters B) Pressure gradients C) Propeller flow meters D) Doppler flow meters E) Anchored buoys
propeller flow meters
37) Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents indirectly? 37) _____ A) Radio-transmitting float bottles B) Accidental spills from container ships C) Free-drifting Argo floats D) Radar altimeters E) Propeller flow meters
radar altimeters
34) Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents directly? 34) _____ A) Anchored buoys B) Radar altimeters C) Doppler flow meters D) Radio-transmitting float bottles E) Pressure gradients
radio-transmitting float bottles
68) Coastal upwelling along the coast of Chile is a result of winds from the ________ turning towards the ________ due to Ekman transport. 68) _____ A) north; right B) south; right C) south; left D) north; left
south; left
23) Which of the following is not a source of deep water in the ocean? 23) _____ A) Subtropical convergences B) Antarctic convergence C) Arctic convergence D) Southern subpolar latitudes E) Northern subpolar latitudes
subtropical convergence
61) The observation of a hill of water within all subtropical gyres is an example of which of the following?61) _____ A) Equatorial upwelling B) Western intensification C) Subtropical convergence D) Geostrophic current E) Eastern intensification
subtropical convergence
3) Which of the following statements is true of surface ocean currents? 3) _____ A) Surface currents occur within and below the pycnocline. B) Surface currents transport cold water toward the poles. C) Surface currents transport warm water toward the equator. D) Surface currents form circular patterns in the major ocean basins called "gyres." E) Surface currents concentrate warm water in the center of the gyre at mid latitudes.
surface currents form circular patterns in the major ocean basins called 'gyres'
19) The El Niño Southern Oscillation can best be described as ________. 19) _____ A) tidal differences between coastal Peru and Darwin, Australia B) the relationship between sea surface temperature and changing atmospheric pressure C) wind speed and wind direction differences along the equator D) relative changes between two different atmospheric pressure systems at high altitude E) variation in wind speed over the Pacific Ocean
the relationship between sea surface temperature and changing atmospheric pressure
10) The Ekman spiral is caused by ________. 10) _____ A) pressure gradients B) the wind and the Coriolis effect C) the pycnocline D) the wind and gravity E) density differences in the water column
the wind and the Coriolis effect
12) In the southern hemisphere, the direction of Ekman transport is always ________. 12) _____ A) to the east of the wind direction B) parallel to the wind direction C) at a 45° angle from the wind direction D) to the left of the wind direction E) to the right of the wind direction
to the left of the wind direction
39) Cold currents flowing ________ on the ________ sides of continents produce arid conditions. 39) _____ A) toward the equator; western B) poleward; eastern C) poleward; western D) toward the equator; eastern
toward the equator; western
4) Equatorial currents are driven by the ________. 4) _____ A) Coriolis force B) trade winds C) density D) Ekman transport E) westerlies
trade winds
41) About what percent of the wind's energy is transferred to the ocean surface? 41) _____ A) Twenty B) Ten C) Fifty D) Five E) Two
two
16) Which of the following is true of surface water circulation near Antarctica? 16) _____ A) It is dominated by water flow directly away from the polar region toward the north. B) The surface ocean has no strong currents. C) Two circumpolar currents dominate it, one current that moves water to the east and one current that moves water to the west. D) A gyre is formed here. E) The circulation of water around the Antarctic continent is driven by density differences.
two circumpolar currents dominate it, one current that moves water to the east and one current that moves water to the west
15) Surface waters are pushed away from land and replaced by nutrient-rich deep water through ________. 15) _____ A) convergence B) land breezes C) downwelling D) sea breezes E) upwelling
upwelling
66) Diverging surface waters are areas of ________ and ________ productivity. 66) _____ A) upwelling; low B) upwelling; high C) downwelling; low D) downwelling; high
upwelling; high
71) The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is also known as which of the following? 71) _____ A) South Equatorial Current B) West Wind Drift C) East Australian Current D) Peru (Humboldt) Current E) Benguela Current
west wind drift
62) The observation that one subtropical boundary current is faster, narrower, and deeper than its counterparts is an example of which of the following? 62) _____ A) Western intensification B) Ekman transport C) Eastern intensification D) Geostrophic current E) Equatorial upwelling
western intensification
2) Surface ocean currents are driven primarily by ________ and modified by ________. 2) _____ A) wind; gravity and density B) latitude; differences in salinity and land C) density differences; the Coriolis effect and land D) density differences; differences in salinity and temperature E) wind; the Coriolis effect and land
wind; the Coriolis effect and land