oceanography chapter 7

Western intensification causes ________.

All of the choices are the result of westward intensification.

The arrangement of water masses in the southern Atlantic Ocean from the surface to the bottom is ________.

Antarctic intermediate water, north atlantic deep water, antarctic bottom water

Compared to an eastern boundary current in a gyre, which of the following statements is true for a western boundary current?

Deeper currents, increased current velocity, warmer water, and narrower current are all true of western boundary currents

Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents directly?

Propeller flow meters

Compared to western boundary currents, eastern boundary currents are ________.

broad and slow

An increase in seawater density can be caused by a ________ in temperature or a/an ________ in salinity.

decrease; increase

Thermohaline circulation is driven by ________.

density differences

Deep ocean currents are driven primarily by ________ and caused by ________.

density differences; differences in salinity and temperature

Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents indirectly?

doppler flow meters

During winter months, monsoon winds over the Indian Ocean ________.

flow from land to sea and are dry

Which type of current flow moves in a circular path around a subtropical convergence, reflecting Ekman transport, gravity, and the Coriolis effect?

geostrophic circulation

Deep-water currents move ________ volumes of water and are much ________ than surface currents.

large; slower

Compared to Antarctic Bottom Water, North Atlantic Deep Water is ________.

lower in oxygen

Ocean surface currents transfer about ________ of the total amount of heat from the tropics to the poles.

one-third

Warm currents flowing ________ on the ________ sides of continents produce warm, humid conditions.

poleward; eastern

Which of the following statements is true of surface ocean currents?

surface currents form circular patterns in the major ocean basins called 'gyres'

The El Niño Southern Oscillation can best be described as ________.

the relationship between sea surface temperature and changing atmospheric pressure

The Ekman spiral is caused by ________.

the wind and the Coriolis effect.

In the southern hemisphere, the direction of Ekman transport is always ________.

to the left of the wind direction

Cold currents flowing ________ on the ________ sides of continents produce arid conditions.

toward the equator; western

Equatorial currents are driven by the ________.

trade winds

About what percent of the wind's energy is transferred to the ocean surface?

two

Surface waters are pushed away from land and replaced by nutrient-rich deep water through ________.

upwelling

The Agulhas Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?

western boundary current

Which subtropical boundary current is faster, narrower and deeper than its counterparts?

western boundary current