Oceanography Chapter 7

22) The arrangement of water masses in the southern Atlantic Ocean from the surface to the bottom is ________. 22) _____ A) Antarctic Bottom Water, Antarctic Intermediate Water, North Atlantic Deep Water B) Antarctic Intermediate Water, North Atlantic Deep Water, Antarctic Bottom Water C) North Atlantic Deep Water, Antarctic Bottom Water, Antarctic Intermediate Water D) Antarctic Intermediate Water, Antarctic Bottom Water, North Atlantic Deep Water E) North Atlantic Deep Water, Antarctic Intermediate Water, Antarctic Bottom Water

Antarctic intermediate water, north Atlantic deep water, antarctic bottom water

32) Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents directly? 32) _____ A) Pressure gradients B) Anchored buoys C) Doppler flow meters D) Accidental spills from container ships E) Radar altimeters

accidental spills from container ships

14) Western intensification causes ________. 14) _____ A) equatorial countercurrents B) the center of the gyre to be shift to the west C) a steeper slope of surface water in the western section of the gyre as compare to the eastern section of the gyre D) very swift western boundary currents E) All of the choices are the result of westward intensification.

all of the choices are the result of westward intensitification

69) The main current in Antarctic waters is the ________ Current.69) _____ A) Antarctic Circumpolar B) Malvinas C) South Equatorial D) Benguela E) South Australian

antarctic circumpolar

70) Which of the following is the only current that completely circumscribes Earth? 70) _____ A) South Australian B) Benguela C) Malvinas D) Antarctic Circumpolar E) South Equatorial

antarctic circumpolar

8) Compared to western boundary currents, eastern boundary currents are ________. 8) _____ A) shallow and swift B) narrow and deep C) deep and swift D) broad and deep E) broad and slow

broad and slow

65) Which of the following currents contributes to the South Western United States being arid? 65) _____ A) Brazil Current B) California Current C) North Pacific Current D) Canary Current E) North Equatorial Current

california current

17) When a meander from the Gulf Stream pinches off and isolates a body of water within the North Atlantic gyre, the body of water is called a ________. 17) _____ A) geostrophic circulation B) Langmuir cell C) warm core ring D) cyclonic circulation E) cold core ring

cold core ring

43) An increase in seawater density can be caused by a ________ in temperature or a/an ________ in salinity. 43) _____ A) increase; decrease B) decrease; increase C) decrease; decrease D) increase; increase

decrease; increase

6) Compared to an eastern boundary current in a gyre, which of the following statements is true for a western boundary current? 6) _____ A) Warmer water B) Increased current velocity C) Deeper current D) Narrower current E) Deeper currents, increased current velocity, warmer water, and narrower current are all true of western boundary currents

deeper currents, increased current velocity, warmer water, and narrower current are all true of western boundary currents

20) Thermohaline circulation is driven by ________. 20) _____ A) density differences B) the Coriolis effect C) longitude D) latitude E) wind

density differences

1) Deep ocean currents are driven primarily by ________ and caused by ________. 1) _____ A) wind; the Coriolis effect and land B) density differences; the Coriolis effect and land C) density differences; differences in salinity and temperature D) latitude; differences in salinity and land E) wind; gravity and density

density differences; differences in salinity and temperature

35) Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents indirectly? 35) _____ A) Doppler flow meters B) Radio-transmitting float bottles C) Propeller flow meters D) Accidental spills from container ships E) Free-drifting Argo floats

doppler flow meters

67) Converging surface waters are areas of ________ and ________ productivity. 67) _____ A) upwelling; high B) downwelling; low C) upwelling; low D) downwelling; high

downwelling; low

60) The observation that ships and icebergs in the southern hemisphere float to the left of the wind direction is an example of which of the following? 60) _____ A) Eastern intensification B) Western intensification C) Geostrophic current D) Equatorial upwelling E) Ekman transport

ekman transport

63) Coastal winds can cause upwelling or downwelling due to which of the following? 63) _____ A) Ekman transport B) Western intensification C) Geostrophic current D) Eastern intensification E) Equatorial upwelling

ekman transport

18) During winter months, monsoon winds over the Indian Ocean ________. 18) _____ A) flow from sea to land and are wet B) flow from land to sea and are wet C) flow from land to sea and are dry D) flow from sea to land and are dry E) the direction of airflow is unchanged but precipitation increases

flow from land to sea and are dry

38) Which of the following methods are used to measure deep ocean currents directly? 38) _____ A) Radio-transmitting float bottles B) Accidental spills from container ships C) Free-drifting Argo floats D) Propeller flow meters E) Radar altimeters

free-drifting argo floats

11) Which type of current flow moves in a circular path around a subtropical convergence, reflecting Ekman transport, gravity, and the Coriolis effect? 11) _____ A) Density-driven circulation B) Counter-current circulation C) Langmuir circulation D) Thermohaline circulation E) Geostrophic circulation

geostrophic circulation

13) Geostrophic circulation within a gyre is driven by ________. 13) _____ A) salinity and gravity B) the wind and pressure C) density and the wind D) temperature and pressure E) gravity and the Coriolis effect

gravity and the Coriolis effect

24) Deep-water circulation brings dense, cold, oxygen-rich water from the surface to the deep ocean because of ________. 24) _____ A) greater dissolution of oxygen in colder water than warmer water B) greater rates of photosynthesis in deep water C) increases in pH with depth D) decreases in pH with depth E) greater volcanic out-gassing at the ocean surface

greater dissolution of oxygen in colder water than warmer water

64) Which of the following currents contributes to the South Eastern United States being humid? 64) _____ A) California Current B) North Atlantic Current C) North Equatorial Current D) Brazil Current E) Gulf Stream

gulf stream

9) Which of the following is NOT an eastern boundary current? 9) _____ A) West Australian Current B) Gulf Stream C) Peru Current D) Canary Current E) California Current

gulf stream

21) Compared to Antarctic Bottom Water, North Atlantic Deep Water is ________. 21) _____ A) colder B) higher in salinity C) higher in nutrients D) denser E) lower in oxygen

higher in salinity

42) Deep-water currents move ________ volumes of water and are much ________ than surface currents. 42) _____ A) larger; faster B) smaller; slower C) larger; slower D) smaller; faster

larger; slower

31) Ocean surface currents transfer about ________ of the total amount of heat from the tropics to the poles. 31) _____ A) three-fourths B) one-half C) one-fourth D) one-third E) two-thirds

one-third

40) Warm currents flowing ________ on the ________ sides of continents produce warm, humid conditions. 40) _____ A) toward the equator; western B) toward the equator; eastern C) poleward; western D) poleward; eastern

poleward; eastern

36) Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents indirectly? 36) _____ A) Radio-transmitting float bottles B) Accidental spills from container ships C) Pressure gradients D) Propeller flow meters E) Free-drifting Argo floats

pressure gradients

33) Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents directly? 33) _____ A) Radar altimeters B) Pressure gradients C) Propeller flow meters D) Doppler flow meters E) Anchored buoys

propeller flow meters

37) Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents indirectly? 37) _____ A) Radio-transmitting float bottles B) Accidental spills from container ships C) Free-drifting Argo floats D) Radar altimeters E) Propeller flow meters

radar altimeters

34) Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents directly? 34) _____ A) Anchored buoys B) Radar altimeters C) Doppler flow meters D) Radio-transmitting float bottles E) Pressure gradients

radio-transmitting float bottles

68) Coastal upwelling along the coast of Chile is a result of winds from the ________ turning towards the ________ due to Ekman transport. 68) _____ A) north; right B) south; right C) south; left D) north; left

south; left

23) Which of the following is not a source of deep water in the ocean? 23) _____ A) Subtropical convergences B) Antarctic convergence C) Arctic convergence D) Southern subpolar latitudes E) Northern subpolar latitudes

subtropical convergence

61) The observation of a hill of water within all subtropical gyres is an example of which of the following?61) _____ A) Equatorial upwelling B) Western intensification C) Subtropical convergence D) Geostrophic current E) Eastern intensification

subtropical convergence

3) Which of the following statements is true of surface ocean currents? 3) _____ A) Surface currents occur within and below the pycnocline. B) Surface currents transport cold water toward the poles. C) Surface currents transport warm water toward the equator. D) Surface currents form circular patterns in the major ocean basins called "gyres." E) Surface currents concentrate warm water in the center of the gyre at mid latitudes.

surface currents form circular patterns in the major ocean basins called 'gyres'

19) The El Niño Southern Oscillation can best be described as ________. 19) _____ A) tidal differences between coastal Peru and Darwin, Australia B) the relationship between sea surface temperature and changing atmospheric pressure C) wind speed and wind direction differences along the equator D) relative changes between two different atmospheric pressure systems at high altitude E) variation in wind speed over the Pacific Ocean

the relationship between sea surface temperature and changing atmospheric pressure

10) The Ekman spiral is caused by ________. 10) _____ A) pressure gradients B) the wind and the Coriolis effect C) the pycnocline D) the wind and gravity E) density differences in the water column

the wind and the Coriolis effect

12) In the southern hemisphere, the direction of Ekman transport is always ________. 12) _____ A) to the east of the wind direction B) parallel to the wind direction C) at a 45° angle from the wind direction D) to the left of the wind direction E) to the right of the wind direction

to the left of the wind direction

39) Cold currents flowing ________ on the ________ sides of continents produce arid conditions. 39) _____ A) toward the equator; western B) poleward; eastern C) poleward; western D) toward the equator; eastern

toward the equator; western

4) Equatorial currents are driven by the ________. 4) _____ A) Coriolis force B) trade winds C) density D) Ekman transport E) westerlies

trade winds

41) About what percent of the wind's energy is transferred to the ocean surface? 41) _____ A) Twenty B) Ten C) Fifty D) Five E) Two

two

16) Which of the following is true of surface water circulation near Antarctica? 16) _____ A) It is dominated by water flow directly away from the polar region toward the north. B) The surface ocean has no strong currents. C) Two circumpolar currents dominate it, one current that moves water to the east and one current that moves water to the west. D) A gyre is formed here. E) The circulation of water around the Antarctic continent is driven by density differences.

two circumpolar currents dominate it, one current that moves water to the east and one current that moves water to the west

15) Surface waters are pushed away from land and replaced by nutrient-rich deep water through ________. 15) _____ A) convergence B) land breezes C) downwelling D) sea breezes E) upwelling

upwelling

66) Diverging surface waters are areas of ________ and ________ productivity. 66) _____ A) upwelling; low B) upwelling; high C) downwelling; low D) downwelling; high

upwelling; high

71) The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is also known as which of the following? 71) _____ A) South Equatorial Current B) West Wind Drift C) East Australian Current D) Peru (Humboldt) Current E) Benguela Current

west wind drift

62) The observation that one subtropical boundary current is faster, narrower, and deeper than its counterparts is an example of which of the following? 62) _____ A) Western intensification B) Ekman transport C) Eastern intensification D) Geostrophic current E) Equatorial upwelling

western intensification

2) Surface ocean currents are driven primarily by ________ and modified by ________. 2) _____ A) wind; gravity and density B) latitude; differences in salinity and land C) density differences; the Coriolis effect and land D) density differences; differences in salinity and temperature E) wind; the Coriolis effect and land

wind; the Coriolis effect and land