osi

Acknowledgements, sequencing, and flow control are characteristics of which OSI layer?

A reliable Transport layer connection uses acknowledgments to make sure all data is received reliably. A reliable connection is defined by the use of acknowledgments, sequencing, and flow control, which is characteristic of the Transport layer (Layer 4).

When data is encapsulated which is the correct order?

The encapsulation order is data, segment, packet, frame, bits

What are two purposes for segmentations with a bridge?

Bridges break up collision domains, which allow more bandwidth for user.

At which layers of the OSI model do bridges, hubs, and routers primarily operate, respectively?

Data Link, Physical, Network. Bridges, like switches, are Data Link layer devices. Hubs, like repeaters, are Physical layer devices. Routers are Network layer devices.

At which layer of the OSI model would you find IP?

IP is a Network layer protocol. TCP is an example of a Transport layer protocol, Ethernet is an example of a Data Link layer protocol, and T1 can be considered a Physical layer protocol.

Which layer manages the transmission of data across a physical link and is primarily concerned with physical addressing and the ordered delivery of frames?

PDUs at the Data Link layer are called frames. As soon as you see frame in a question, you know the answer

Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for converting data into signals appropriate for the transmission medium?

Physical (Layer 1).

What mnemonic device can you use to remember the layers

Please Do Not Tell Salespeople Anything)

TCP and UDP reside at which layer of the OSI model?

TCP and UDP are Transport layer protocols. The Transport layer is Layer 4 of the OSI model

Which layer combines bits into bytes and bytes into frames and uses MAC addressing?

The Data Link layer is responsible for the framing of data packets.

Which layer provides logical addressing that routers use for path determination?

The Network layer provides logical addressing, typically IP addressing, and routing.

At which layer is routing implemented, enabling connections and path selections between two end systems?

The Network layer provides routing through an internetwork and logical addressing

Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for creating, managing, and terminating sessions between applications?

The Session layer sets up, maintains, and terminates sessions between applications.

Segmentation of a data stream happens at which layer of the OSI model?

The Transport layer receives

Which layer specifies voltage, wire speed, and connector pin outs and moves bits between devices?

The physical layer is responsible

What is the purpose of flow control?

To provide a means for the receiver to govern the amount of data sent by the sender

A receiving host has failed to receive all the segments that it should acknowledge. What can the host do to improve the reliability of this communication session?

A receiving host can control the transmitter by using flow control TCP uses windowing by default. By decreasing the window size, the receiving host can slow down the transmitting host so the receiving host does not overflow its buffers.

Which layer one devices can be used to enlarge the area covered by a single LAN segment?

Hub, repeater.

Sits at the center of a star topology, providing a common point for the connection of network devices. These are rare and have been replaced by switches

Hubs are rare and have been replaced by switches.

A receiving host has failed to receive all the segments that it should acknowledge. What can the host do to improve the reliability of this communication session?

A receiving host can control the transmitter by using flow control TCP uses windowing by default. By decreasing.

Routers perform routing at which OSI layer?

A router is specified at the Network layer and a router routes packets. Routers can also be called layer‐3 switches.

You are connected to a server on the internet and you click a link on the server and receive a timeout message. What layer could be the source of this message?

If the remote server is busy or does not respond to your web browser request, this is an Application layer problem

Which IEEE standard specifies the protocol for CSMA/CD?

The 802.3 standard, commonly associated with Ethernet, specifies the media‐access method used by Ethernet, which is known as Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD).

Which layer choose and determines the availability of communicating partners along with the resources necessary to make the connections coordinates partnering applications and forms a consensus on procedures for controlling data integrity and error recovery?

The Application layer is responsible for finding the network resources broadcast from a server and adding flow control and error control if the application developer chooses.

Which layer is responsible for converting frames from the data link layer into electrical signals?

The Physical layer takes frames from the Data Link layer and encodes the 1s and 0s into a digital signal for transmission on the network medium.

Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for converting data into signals appropriate for the transmission medium?

The Physical layer's job is to convert data into impulses that are designed for the wired or wireless medium being used on the attached segment.

What is the highest layer in the OSI model

The Presentation layer is the sixth layer of the model. Only the Application layer is higher, but it is not listed. Session is Layer 5, Transport is Layer 4, and Network is Layer 3.

Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for code and character set conversation as well as recognizing data formats?

The Presentation layer makes data "presentable" for the Application layer

Which layer defines how data is formatted, presented, encoded, and converted?

The Presentation layer makes sure that data is in a readable format for the Application layer.

Which layer is used for reliable communication between end nodes over the network and provides mechanisms for establishing, maintaining, and terminating virtual circuits as well as controlling the flow of information?

The Transport layer uses virtual circuits to create a reliable connection between two hosts.

Do segments that are delivered acknowledge back to the sender upon their reception?

The segments delivered are acknowledged back to the sender upon their reception.

Which layer of the OSI model provides a user interface in the form of an entry point for programs to access the network infrastructure?

The top layer of the OSI model gives applications access to the services that allow network access.

Host one sent a SYN to Host two. What will Host two send in response?

To set up a connection‐oriented session, called a three‐way handshake, the transmitting host sends a SYK packet, the receiving host sends a SYK‐ACK, and the transmitting host replies with the last SYN packet. The session is now set up.

Which layer one devices can be used to enlarge the area covered by a single LAN segment?

a switch or a hub multiport repeater will do it