PE Final Exam

An opportunistic infection is defined as a(n)

infection that only affects individuals with compromised immunity.

Training that alternates periods of high-intensity exercise with periods of lower intensity exercise or rest is known as

interval training

When stretching, you should hold each stretch for at least

10 seconds. 5 seconds. a minute.???????

At which age does flexibility peak?

18

General recommended guidelines for water intake prior to exercise are approximately ________ ounces of fluid 2 to 3 hours before exercise and ________ ounces 10 to 20 minutes prior to exercise.

18; 8

At what point after an activity has been initiated does the body switch energy sources from the immediate energy system to the anaerobic energy system?

30 seconds

Approximately ________ of all Americans report limitations due to chronic back conditions.

30%

When following a resistance-training program, it is important to let each muscle group rest for ________ before taxing it again with resistance exercises.

48 hrs

With training, you can typically improve your VO2max by

5 to 10%. more than 20%. 15 to 20%.???????

How long should the exercise-to-rest transition take?

5 to 15 minutes

The average life expectancy at birth for males is which of the following?

75.6 years

The American Cancer Society estimates that smoking causes approximately ________ of all lung cancer cases.

87%

A muscle contraction with constant speed is

isokinetic. eccentric. isometric. ????

A muscle contraction with no change in muscle length is

isometric

Which of the following statements is true of the incidence of obesity in the United States?

it is steadily increasing

Alcohol use becomes alcohol abuse when

it negatively affects social and family relationships.

________ is a beneficial tool for monitoring, recording, and measuring progress on a behavior change.

journaling

A byproduct of breaking down glucose for energy that may cause burning in the muscle is

lactic acid

The stage of syphilis in which T. pallidum begins to invade body organs is known as what?

latent syphilis

Actions that can be performed daily by beginning exercisers are

lifestyle physical activites

A common symptom of alcoholics is

loss of control

Which of the following is a financial advantage of having a high level of wellness?

lower health care costs

The lower respiratory tract consists of the

lower trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.

The outer layer of the joint capsule

lubricates the joint. ?????? provides reinforcing structure. connects bone to bone.

The wave of blood that can be felt moving through the arteries when the heart contracts is the

maximal heart rate. pulse. ???????? heart rate reserve.

The "M" in the "SMART" system for setting goals stands for which of the following?

measureable

When assessing muscular strength, a 1 RM test

measures the maximum amount of weight that can be lifted one time.

If you understand your ________, you can plan activities in a way that makes you more likely to stick with the program.

motivations

Creatine phosphate is stored in

muscles

Misalignment of the spine leading to lower-back pain can be caused by

muscular imbalances

The major psychoactive substance in tobacco is

nicotine

The primary infection stage of HIV is characterized by

night sweats

Two months ago, Mike broke a bone when he took a spill on the basketball court. His bone has healed now, so he wants to start getting strength back in his deltoid muscles. What exercises would you recommend to him?

overhead press

Physical fitness is the ability to

perform moderate to vigorous physical activity without undue fatigue.

A physically fit person is best defined as someone who

performs moderate to vigorous physical activity daily without undue fatigue.

Men over 45 and women over 55 should obtain ________ before beginning an exercise program.

permission from their doctor

Which of the following offers the most effective protection against STIs?

plain latex condoms

Your friend is morbidly obese. When you express your concern to him about his health, he denies that his obesity will have any effect on his health and cites the example of his father, who is also obese and apparently healthy. Which stage of behavior change is your friend in regarding his obesity?

precontemplation

People who have thought about what they might do to change a behavior and are within a month or so of taking action are in which stage of behavior change?

preparation

Which of the following is a goal of Healthy People 2020?

promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages

A measure of the percentage of alcohol or strength of an alcoholic drink is known as what?

proof

The current approach to HIV treatment involves

protease inhibitors.

The left ventricle pumps blood to the

pulmonary circulation. systemic circulation. right ventricle. ??????

The time between a stimulus and response is

reaction time

A tranquilizer sometimes known as the "date rape" drug is called

rohypnol

Patella-femoral pain syndrome is also known as

runners knee

Chronic pain in the front of the lower leg is known as

shin splints

Problems associated with long-term use of alcohol include

shrinkage in brain size and weight

The ability to have satisfying interpersonal relationships is which of the following?

social wellness

Damage to ligaments or joint structures due to acute injury is known as

sprain

The simplest method of stretching for people who are just starting a stretching program is ________ stretching.

static

________ flexibility is a measure of a joint's overall range of motion.

static

A person believes that he may develop lung cancer if he continues to smoke. This is an example of perceived

susceptibility

The ventricles contract and pump blood out of the heart during the ________ phase of the heart cycle.

systolic

Skeletal muscles taper at the ends to form ________, which attach muscles to bones.

tendons

Activities at the top of the physical activity pyramid represent activities

that you should spend the least amount of time on.

A change in the body that occurs as a result of exercise training is known as

training effect

Several days after engaging in unprotected sex, John began to experience painful urination and a foamy yellow discharge. His symptoms suggest that he contracted

trichomoniasis

Which of the following sexually transmitted infections is caused by a protozoan?

trichomoniasis

Alcoholic beverages contain ethanol.

true

Cardiorespiratory fitness has a protective effect against age-related declines in cognitive ability.

true

Drinking is a major factor in high-risk sex.

true

Gardening is an example of a lifestyle physical activity.

true

HIV remains transmissible throughout all phases of the infection.

true

Having physical activity regulated by someone else is negatively associated with activity levels.

true

Increased levels of body fat put an individual at risk for diabetes.

true

Individuals who are in wheelchairs may use most strength-training machines that involve a seated position.

true

Living in an area where there is great urban sprawl can reduce the likelihood that one will exercise regularly.

true

Medicine balls increase resistance and can be used individually or in groups.

true

PID can cause irreversible damage to a woman's reproductive system.

true

Pancreatic cancer is more common in smokers than in nonsmokers.

true

Ritalin is an amphetamine used for medicinal purposes.

true

Strong core muscles can lead to increased performance levels in all of your activities.

true

The SMART guidelines are a helpful framework for setting goals to improve flexibility.

true

The chances of dehydration affecting performance are greater than the chances of food intake affecting performance.

true

The nicotine in one cigarette can paralyze cilia for up to an hour.

true

To gain improvements in flexibility, the stretch reflex should be reduced.

true

Muscles that are often weak in people who are sedentary or overweight are known as ________ muscles.

trunk flexor

Which of the following is a high-risk behavior for contracting HIV?

unprotected anal intercourse

Air entering the body through the nose travels first through the ________ and then through the ________ before entering the lungs.

upper respiratory tract; lower respiratory tract

The majority of alcohol is absorbed in the

upper third of the small intestine

Type I (slow-twitch) muscle fibers

utilize oxygen to contract.

The lower chambers of the heart are called

ventricles

Mentally picturing success in reaching a goal is known as which of the following?

visualization

When a person pictures himself succeeding in achieving a goal, he is using

visualization

Muscular strength is often measured by determining the maximum

weight a person can lift one time.

Which of the following athletes is most likely to have the greatest percentage of fast-twitch muscle fibers?

weight lifter

Sarah is trying to quit smoking. After two days without cigarettes she is feeling irritable and restless. Sarah is most likely experiencing nicotine

withdrawal

Which of the following statements is true regarding growth hormone (GH)?

Children with abnormally slow growth are prescribed GH. ????????? GH has few, if any, side effects. Bone growth caused by GH is reversible.

Time should not be specified in goals.

False

________ is the virus that causes AIDS.

HIV

According to the Health Promotion Peer Educators, what are four NON-curable STD's?

Herpes, HPV, Hepatitis B, HIV

Which of the following is a specific, time-oriented goal for weight loss?

I will lose 2 pounds in the next month

Which of the following is true of quitting smoking?

Many ex-smokers say they have more energy, sleep better, and feel more alert.

Stretching that involves using voluntary contractions to help facilitate relaxation is known as ________ stretching.

PNF

Which of the below is an action-oriented objective in a SMART goal setting system?

Run on the trail 4 times a week.

Which of the following statements is true of spot reduction?

Spot reduction is not possible by any means.

Which method is best for tracking your progress with weight training?

Use a weight-training log to record your progress.

A motor unit consists of

a single nerve fiber connected to many muscle fibers.

Myofibril strands within muscles contain

actin and myosin

Which of the following affects flexibility?

activity level

________ is a component of spiritual wellness.

altruism

Gas exchange (the delivery of oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide) in the lungs takes place in the

alveoli

Resistance training intensity is usually measured by the

amount of weight lifted.

Chlamydia is treated with

antibiotic medication

If detected early, chlamydia is treatable with

antibiotics

Blood is pumped out of the heart to the brain and body via the

aorta

People who stop resistance training will see their muscles revert to pretraining strength and size, a condition known as

atrophy

Benefits of regular stretching include improved

balance

Stretching characterized by bouncing or jerky movements is known as ________ stretching.

ballistic

An organized, deliberate effort to alter or replace a habit or activity is known as

behavior change

Jobs that put workers at high risk of developing lower-back pain are those that involve a lot of

bending

A primary purpose of the general cool-down is to slowly return ________ back to resting levels.

breathing rate

The greatest threat from herpes is that it

can be transmitted to a newborn.

The pathogen that causes a yeast infection is

candida

When you begin exercising

cardiac output increases.

The number-one killer in the United States among adults of all ages is

cardiovascular disease

The physical activity pyramid

consists of layers of types of physical activity and gives recommendations for each.

Going for a walk instead of eating dessert is an example of

countering

Substituting a healthy behavior for an unhealthy behavior is known as what?

countering

Kristina's mom wants to begin an exercise program. However, she is overweight and concerned about the impact exercise might have on her knees. To decrease her chance of injury, Kristina might recommend that her mom try

cross training

Training that alternates exercise modes within a given program is

cross training

Aerobic exercise training has been shown to

decrease in heart's stroke volume. decrease brain volume. increase plasma.??????????

Which of the following conditions would always require a medical clearance before exercising?

diabetes

Gender differences in flexibility seem to indicate that

differences are specific to particular joints.

A measure of overall joint stiffness during movement is ________ flexibility.

dynamic

________ is a hallucinogenic designer drug that has become popular again on college campuses and is taken to improve mood or get energized.

ecstasy

Aerobic exercise, weight lifting, and yoga are all examples of

exercise training

Muscular strength is defined as the ability of your muscles to

exert force.

A single muscle cell is called a fascicle.

false

An ergogenic substance will reduce exercise performance.

false

Condoms provide 100% protection from all STIs.

false

Eighty percent of the resistance to movement around a joint is accounted for by the individual soft tissues.

false

Going to a bar with a friend when you are trying to quit drinking is an example of effectively controlling your environment.

false

It is more difficult to decide to change a behavior than to commit to changing it.

false

Men have greater hip flexibility than women.

false

Most college students smoke.

false

Most people who try to stop smoking are successful in their first attempt.

false

Slow-twitch muscle fibers are oxygen dependent and fatigue quickly.

false

The cardiorespiratory system is made up of the cardiovascular system and the endocrine system.

false

The majority of sexually active individuals are between the ages of 15 and 24.

false

To prevent dehydration, it is recommended that you start drinking fluid approximately 30 minutes after beginning an activity.

false

You live in a part of the country where it rains much of the time, which keeps you from being able to go for a nice run outside. The rain is an example of a personal barrier to physical activity.

false

Your resting heart rate increases as your cardiorespiratory system becomes more conditioned.

false

The most common way that hepatitis B is transmitted is via

from mother to infant

To counter a lack of motivation, you should choose exercise that is

fun and convenient

John is getting ready to do bench presses. After doing some jumping jacks and light rowing activity, he begins to concentrate on range-of-motion exercises for his shoulders. John has moved from the ________ phase to the ________ phase of warm-up.

general; specific

Human papillomavirus causes

genital warts

Which of the following sexually transmitted infections is not caused by a virus?

gonorrhea

A common side effect of designer or "club drugs" is

hallucinations

Physical inactivity contributes to which of the following health conditions?

heart disease

Muscles that tend to be tight in most people because of extended sitting are known as ________ muscles.

hip flexor

The three metabolic energy systems are

immediate, oxidative, and nonoxidative

Which of the following may occur as the result of cardiorespiratory training?

improved oxygen delivery to muscles

Hypokinetic diseases are defined as diseases caused by

inactivity