Placenta Previa & Placenta Abruptio
complete or total placenta previa
cervical os is completely covered by placenta
total placenta abruptio often results in:
fetal death
uterine hypertonicity
firm, rigid uterus w/ contractions
placenta previa can be associated with:
history of c-section & induced abortions
3 types of placenta previa
marginal or low-lying, incomplete or partial, complete or total
placenta abruptio can lead to:
massive hemorrhage, shock, DIC
hallmark symptom between previa & abruptio
pain
placenta previa usually begins with:
painless vaginal bleeding in 2nd or 3rd trimester
clinical presentation of placenta previa
painless vaginal bleeding that increases as cervix dilates soft, relaxed, nontender uterus w/ normal tone fundal height great that expected for gestational age fetus in breech, oblique, or transverse postion
marginal or low lying placenta previa
placenta lies more than 3 cm from cervical os
placenta previa
placenta lies over or near cervix
incomplete or partial placenta previa
placenta lies w/in 3 cm of cervical os but does not cover it
partial placenta abruptio
portion of placenta remains intact; perfusion to fetus is possible
placenta abruptio is associated with:
previous abruption, HTN, smoking, trauma, cocaine
placenta abruptio
separation of placenta from its implantation site before delivery of the fetus
2 classes of placenta abruptio
total abruption & partial abruption
clinical presentation of placenta abruptio
vaginal bleeding is bright red or dark boardlike, tender abd uterine hypertonicity fetal distress abd pain
