Practice Exam (Core Module)
What is the NCRP recommended monthly effective (or equivalent) dose limit to the fetus for a pregnant worker? a. 0.05 rem b. 0.5 rem c. 5.0 rem d. 50.0 rem
a. 0.05 rem
What is the device that allows the limited operator to vary the size of the radiation field? a. collimator b. detent c. filter d. shield
a. collimator
A change from the small focal spot to the large focal spot will result in: a. decreased image sharpness b. magnification c. distortion d. increased contrast
a. decreased image sharpness
What two specialized instruments are required for monitoring processor performance? a. densitometer and sensitometer b. densitometer and dosimeter c. sensitometer and dosimeter d. dosimeter and thermometer
a. densitometer and sensitometer
A health care worker's single best protection against disease is: a. frequent hand hygiene b. vaccination c. barrier technique d. protective masks
a. frequent hand hygiene
Which of the following will result in a screen/film image with excessive distortion of image structures? a. improper positioning of the anatomic structure on the IR b. use of an 8:1 grid with the mAs set for a 12:1 grid c. IR exposure at an SID greater than recommended for a particular body part d. IR exposure with the mAs higher than needed for the particular anatomic structures
a. improper positioning of the anatomic structure on the IR
An increase in object-image distance (OID) will result in: a. increased magnification b. increased image sharpness c. loss of contrast d. increased radiographic density
a. increased magnification
Which of the following functions involve the autotransformer? a. kVp selection b. mA selection c. exposure time selection d. automatic exposure control
a. kVp selection
What is anaphylaxis? a. the absence of pain response b. a severe allergic reaction c. complete unconsciousness d. inability to breathe
b. a severe allergic reaction
The penetrating power of the x-ray beam is controlled by varying the: a. anode angle b. anode speed c. mA d. kVp
d. kVp
What is the term for radiation that escapes from the x-ray tube housing? a. scattered radiation b. off-focus radiation c. primary radiation d. leakage
d. leakage
Which if the following are the prime factors of exposure in radiography? a. density, contrast, recorded detail, distortion b. density, contrast, distortion, kVp c. mAs, kVp, density, SID d. mA, exposure time, kVp, SID
d. mA, exposure time, kVp, SID
Which of the following will result in a screen/film image with poor recorded detail? a. use of a RS 100 screen with the mAs set for an RS 300 screen b. IR exposure with an mAs higher than needed for the particular anatomic structures c. IR exposure with a kVp higher than needed for the particular anatomic structures d. patient motion
d. patient motion
What is the most common site for palpation of the patient's pulse? a. carotid artery b. apex of the heart c. dorsalis pedis d. radial artery at the wrist
d. radial artery at the wrist
Motion of the patient, the tube, or the IR during the exposure will result in decreased: a. contrast b. distortion c. radiographic density d. recorded detail
d. recorded detail
What is the conventional (British system) radiation unit to express radiation intensity in air? a. coulomb/kg b. watt c. ohm d. roetgen
d. roetgen
Shielding worn for personnel protection is designed to attenuate what source of exposure? a. primary b. off focus c. leakage d. scatter
d. scatter
Which of the following is not a type of personnel radiation shielding? a. apron b. glove c. thyroid shield d. shadow
d. shadow
Which of the following types of radiation effects is typical of the risk to a patient undergoing a diagnostic x-ray examination? a. short-term effects b. genetic effects c. nonstochastic effects d. stochastic effects
d. stochastic effects
Intensifying screen speed is defined as: a. the ability of light emitted by a screen b. the ability to emit light when exposed to x-rays c. the optical density minus the base + fog value d. the efficiency of a screen in converting x-rays to light
d. the efficiency of a screen in converting x-rays to light
When radiation exposure occurs during pregnancy, the greatest risk of birth defects occurs when the exposure: 1. exceeds 5 rad to the uterus 2. occurs within the first trimester of pregnancy 3. occurs within the third trimester of pregnancy
1,2
Which of the following are true regarding informed consent? 1. informed consent may be revoked at any time 2. the patient must be legally competent to sign 3. the patient may sign an incomplete form and the blanks may be filled in later by the physician
1,2
Which of the following changes will decrease patient dose? 1. using faster intensifying screens 2. increasing the kVp using the 15% rule 3. increasing the grid ratio to a 16:1 ratio
1,2
Standard precautions involve the use of barriers whenever contact is anticipated with: 1. blood 2. body fluids 3. mucous membrane
1,2,3
Which of the following are symptoms of shock? 1. cool, clammy skin 2. increased pulse rate 3. confusion
1,2,3
Which of the following pathologic conditions would require a decrease in exposure? 1. multiple myeloma 2. emphysema 3. osteoporosis
1,2,3
Which of the following will result in increased radiographic density? 1. increased mA 2. increased exposure time 3. increased kVp
1,2,3
Which of the following are correct statements of proper body mechanics? 1. use a broad stance 2. turn and lift using your back muscles 3. carry heavy objects close to your body
1,3
Which of the following factors affect the quantity of scatter radiation fog on a radiograph? 1. field size 2. focal spot size 3. kVp
1,3
Which of the following will increase recorded detail? 1. increase in SID 2. increase in OID 3. decrease in focal spot size
1,3
Which of the following are types of gonad shields? 1. aperture 2. contact 3. shadow
2,3
Which of the following occur with high radiation doses? 1. stochastic effects 2. short-term somatic effects 3. nonstachastic effects
2,3
Which of the following statements are correct regarding the link between radiation dose and genetic effects? 1. the link has been demonstrated in human studies 2. the link has been demonstrated in animal studies 3. increased risk to humans cannot be predicted with respect to an individual
2,3
A limited operator who does not change linens between patients is: a. providing an opportunity for fomite transmission b. saving money in laundry expenses c. making wise decisions, as long as there are no stains on the linens d. increasing productivity by saving time between patients
a. providing an opportunity for fomite transmission
What is the conventional (British system) radiation unit of absorbed dose? a. rad b. roentgen c. gray d. rem
a. rad
The process of causing alternating current to flow in one direction only is called: a. rectification b. induction c. grounding d. compensation
a. rectification
What is the primary purpose of using gonad shields during radiography? a. reduce the likelihood of genetic effects b. reduce the likelihood of somatic effects c. protect patient modesty d. demonstrate the location of the gonads in the image
a. reduce the likelihood of genetic effects
If the size of the x-ray field increases, what happens to scatter radiation fog? a. scatter radiation fog increases b. scatter radiation fog decreases c. scatter radiation fog is not affected by field size d. the effect of field size on scatter radiation fog is dependent on the focal spot size used in making the exposure
a. scatter radiation fog increases
Which screen/film image artifact looks like lightning? a. static artifact b. handling artifact c. pressure artifact d. chemical artifact
a. static artifact
What are the four essential elements required for x-ray production? a. target, vacuum, electron source, and high potential difference b. target, electron source, inert gas environment, high potential difference c. electron source, magnetic field, resistance-free path, target d. electron source, electric field, circuit, target
a. target, vacuum, electron source, and high potential difference
Distance, as a method used to limit operator exposure, means that: a. the operator should maximize the distance from the source during an exposure b. the operator should minimize the distance from the source during an exposure c. the operator should maximize the distance from the patient during an exposure d. the operator should minimize the distance from the patient during an exposure
a. the operator should maximize the distance from the source during an exposure
Why are limited operators prohibited from activities that result in direct exposure to the primary x-ray beam? a. they are considered occupationally exposed individuals b. these activities carry immediate health risks c. their interaction with the beam will affect patient dose d. their presence near the patient increases liability
a. they are considered occupationally exposed individuals
What are the three principal methods used to protect limited operators from unnecessary radiation exposure? a. time, distance, shielding b. time, distance, collimation c. distance, collimation, shielding d. time, collimation, filtration
a. time, distance, shielding
The target of the x-ray tube is made of: a. tungsten b. glass c. stainless steel d. fluorescent phosphors
a. tungsten
Which of the following will result in a screen/film image with insufficient density? a. use of a RS 100 screen with the mAs set for an RS 300 screen b. use of an RS 300 with the mAs set for an RS 100 screen c. IR exposure at an SID closer than expected for the exposure factors selected d. IR exposure with an mAs less than needed for the particular anatomic structure
a. use of a RS 100 screen with the mAs set for an RS 300 screen
Which term refers to any medium that transports microorganisms? a. vehicle b. vector c. fomite d. cycle of infection
a. vehicle
Which of the following is used to test film/screen contact? a. wire mesh tool b. densitometer c. sensitometer d. H&D curve
a. wire mesh tool
Radiation monitoring of personnel is required when what percentage of the annual occupational effective dose limit is likely to be received? a. 5% b. 10% c. 15% d. 20%
b. 10%
As a general rule, a grid should be employed when the part thickness is greater than: a. 4 cm b. 12 cm c. 18 cm d. 12 inches
b. 12 cm
What is the guiding philosophy of radiation protection? a. ALARMA b. ALARA c. ALAIS d. ALAP
b. ALARA
Which of the following is an acronym for a common type of personnel dosimeter? a. TLC b. TLD c. OSD d. OID
b. TLD
Which of the following would be a violation of patient confidentiality? a. a limited operator discusses a patient's existing pathology with a radiographer to get assistance in setting technical factors b. a limited operator talks to his friend during lunch about a patient's imaging procedure c. a radiographer asks if a patient is pregnant before an acute abdominal series d. a transporter tells the limited operator that the patient complained of dizziness while riding in the wheelchair to the x-ray department
b. a limited operator talks to his friend during lunch about a patient's imaging procedure
Which of the following describe the characteristic curve of a film with a wide latitude and longer scale contrast? a. a steep, vertical curve b. a more horizontal and wide curve c. a curve that plots closer to the left of the graph d. a curve that plots closer to the right of the graph
b. a more horizontal and wide curve
What is the recommendation for a hard-copy image that is mislabeled? a. the image must be repeated to ensure a correct, permanent label b. a sticker with the correct information should be applied to the hard-copy image c. the correct info should be hand written on the hard-copy image d. no correction is needed
b. a sticker with the correct information should be applied to the hard-copy image
The process of reducing the probability that infectious organisms will be transmitted to a susceptible individual is called: a. sepsis b. asepsis c. disinfection d. vaccination
b. asepsis
The greatest portion of the x-ray beam is made up of: a. characteristic radiation b. bremsstrahlung radiation c. electrons d. heat
b. bremsstrahlung radiation
The limited operator can reduce repeat exposures by: a. accepting marginal images b. clearly instructing patients c. increasing SID d. optimizing kVp
b. clearly instructing patients
Fog affects radiographic quality by causing: a. underexposure b. decreased contrast c. increased contrast d. decreased density
b. decreased contrast
Which of the following is the correct sequence of the steps in automatic processing? a. developer, wash, fixer, wash, dry b. developer, fixer, wash, dry c. developer, wash, fixer, dry d. wash, developer, fixer, dry
b. developer, fixer, wash, dry
According to the Bergonie-Tribondeau law, which of the following types of cells are most rediosensitive? a. brain cells b. embryonic tissue c. cells of the gastric mucosa d. skin cells
b. embryonic tissue
How often should lean aprons and gloves be checked for cracks or holes? a. every 3 months b. every 6 months c. every 9 months d. every 12 months
b. every 6 months
Which of the following image receptor system speeds will result in the lowest patient dose? a. slower-speed IR system b. faster-speed IR system c. doesn't matter-IR system speed doesn't effect patient dose
b. faster-speed IR system
The relationship between SID and beam intensity is expressed in the: a. proportional square law b. inverse square law c. reciprocity law d. target-distance law
b. inverse square law
How does x-ray beam restriction minimize patient exposure? a. limits radiation fog b. limits the radiation field to the area of interest c. limits effects of patient motion d. limits repeat exposures
b. limits the radiation field to the area of interest
Communication has been "validated" when the speaker has: a. spoken clearly b. received a response from the listener that demonstrates comprehension c. presented the info accurately d. reviewed the material
b. received a response from the listener that demonstrates comprehension
Quantum mottle or graininess in the radiographic image because of the size and distribution of film and/or screen crystals affects image quality by decreasing the radiographic: a. density b. recorded detail c. contrast d. latitude
b. recorded detail
How does filtration reduce patient exposure? a. removes shorter-wavelength photons b. removes longer-wavelength photons c. reduces the size the radiation field d. reduces the time of exposure
b. removes longer-wavelength photons
If the amount of irradiated tissue increases, what happens to scatter radiation fog? a. there is not enough info provided to answer the question b. scatter radiation fog increases c. scatter radiation fog decreases d. scatter radiation fog is not affected by the amount of tissue irradiated
b. scatter radiation fog increases
What is the principal source of scatter radiation in radiography? a. the tube housing b. the patient c. the IR d. the collimator
b. the patient
Technique charts are based on patient past measurements obtained using an x-ray caliper and are express as: a. circumference in inches b. thickness in centimeters c. diameter in millimeters d. depth in inches
b. thickness in centimeters
What is the standard control limit for the beam (central ray) alignment test? a. exact alignment b. within 1 degree of perpendicular c. within 2 degree of perpendicular d. within 5 degree of perpendicular
b. within 1 degree of perpendicular
What is the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) recommendation for the amount of total filtration? a. 0.5 mm Al equiv b. 1.5 mm Al equiv c. 2.5 mm Al equiv d. 3.5 mm Al equiv
c. 2.5 mm Al equiv
What is the NCRP recommended annual effective dose limit for occupational exposure? a. 0.05 rem b. 0.5 rem c. 5.0 rem d. 50.0 rem
c. 5.0 rem
Which of the following will result in a scree/film image with excessive magnification of image structures? a. use of an RS 100 screen with the mAs set for an RS 300 screen b. IR exposure at an SID greater than recommended for a particular body part c. IR exposure at an OID greater than recommended for a particular body part d. IR exposure with an mAs higher than needed for the particular anatomic structures
c. IR exposure at an OID greater than recommended for a particular body part
Mrs. Elizabeth Dunbar is 86 years old and a bit confused. She is most likely to respond appropriately if you address her as: a. Betty b. Honey c. Mrs. Dunbar d. Elizabeth
c. Mrs. Dunbar
Which of the following will result in a screen/film image with poor recorded detail? a. use of a RS 100 screen with the mAs set for an RS 300 screen b. use of an RS 300 with the mAs set for an RS 100 screen c. Poor screen and film contact in the IR d. IR exposure with an mAs less than needed for the particular anatomic structure
c. Poor screen and film contact in the IR
What are the four primary aspects of radiographic quality? a. mA, seconds, kVp, SID b. SID, density, contrast, mAs c. density, contrast, distortion, recorded detail d. density, contrast, distortion, distance
c. density, contrast, distortion, recorded detail
A limited operator innocently commits an error as a result of the following the orders of his or her employer, a physician. The employer may be held responsible according to the: a. American Society of Radiologic Technologists code of ethics b. rule of professional responsibility c. doctrine of respondeat superior d. doctrine on non compos mentis
c. doctrine of respondeat superior
What type of disease transmission is possible when the limited operator does not clean the Bucky device after performing an examination on a patient with influenza? a. vector transmission b. direct contract transmission c. fomite transmission d. airborne transmission
c. fomite transmission
Contrast is primarily controlled by altering the: a. mA b. exposure time c. kVp d. mAs
c. kVp
What is erythema? a. loss of hair caused by a high radiation dose b. loss if hair caused by a long-term low radiation dose c. reddening of the skin caused by high radiation dose d. reddening of the skin caused by long-term low radiation dose
c. reddening of the skin caused by high radiation dose
The conventional (British system) unit commonly used to report occupational dose to radiation workers in the US is the: a. mR b. rad c. rem d. mGy
c. rem
The greatest cause of unnecessary radiation to patients that can be controlled by the limited operator is: a. patient condition b. patient size c. repeat exposures d. equipment malfunction
c. repeat exposures
Personnel shielding must be worn on the rare occasion on which the limited operator may need to remain in the radiographic room during an exposure to assist the patient in maintaining the proper position. What is the source of the greatest radiation hazard under this circumstance? a. off-focus radiation b. leakage radiation c. scattered radiation from the patient d. backscatter radiation from the IR
c. scattered radiation from the patient
What is the proper method for storing unopened boxes of x-ray film? a. stacked flat with edges of boxes aligned b. stacked flat with edges of boxes staggered c. standing on edge d. x-ray film cannot be safely stored
c. standing on edge
What controls the amount of replenisher added in automatic processing? a. timers on the replenishmnet pumps b. the limited operator c. the size of the film passing over an intake sensor d. the strength of the developer as measured by the sensitometer
c. the size of the film passing over an intake sensor
What is the standard control limit for the field light to radiation field alignment test? a. exact alignment b. ±1% of SID c. ± 2% of SID d. ± 5% of SID
c. ± 2% of SID
Which of the following will result in a screen/film image with insufficient contrast? a. use of a RS 100 screen with the mAs set for an RS 300 screen b. use of an RS 300 with the mAs set for an RS 100 screen c. IR exposure at an SID closer than expected for the exposure factors selected d. IR exposure with an mAs less than needed for the particular anatomic structure
d. IR exposure with an mAs less than needed for the particular anatomic structure
Marks, exposures, or images on a radiograph that are not a part of the intended image are called: a. fog b. ghosts c. phantoms d. artifacts
d. artifacts
What is the recommended placement for a personnel dosimeter on the body of the limited operator? a. badge should be worn in the region of the waist on the anterior surface of the body b. badge should be worn in the region of the waist on the posterior surface of the body and inside the lead apron, if worn c. badge should be worn in the region of the collar on the posterior surface of the body and inside the lead apron, if worn d. badge should be worn in the region of the collar on the anterior surface of the body and outside the lead apron, if worn
d. badge should be worn in the region of the collar on the anterior surface of the body and outside the lead apron, if worn
If the radiographic image is overexposed, which of the following changes in exposure factors should be used to correct the problem? a. decreased kVp b. increased kVp c. increase mAs d. decrease mAs
d. decrease mAs
Which radiographic quality factor is most affected by angulation of the central ray, part, or IR? a. density b. contrast c. detail d. distortion
d. distortion
Nearly all new x-ray machines manufactured today use _______ generators. a. single-phase b. three-phase, 6-pulse c. three-phase, 12-phase d. high-frequency
d. high-frequency
How will the anode heel effect, if present, be seen on an image? a. image will have a higher contrast on the anode end than on the cathode end b. image will have lower contrast on the anode end than on the cathode end c. image will be darker on the anode end than on the cathode end d. image will be light on the anode end than on the cathode end
d. image will be light on the anode end than on the cathode end
Which of the following changes in kVp will result is the greatest reduction of patient dose, when mAs is adjusted to compensate for the changes? a. decrease kVp by 30% b. decrease kVp by 15% c. increase kVp by 15% d. increase kVp by 30%
d. increase kVp by 30%
Which of the following statements reflects current scientific opinion regarding the effects of diagnostic levels of ionizing radiation? a. it is carcinogenic after a certain number of examinations have been performed b. spontaneous abortion will occur if the patient is pregnant c. depression of the WBC count is followed by acute gastrointestinal distress d. there is increased risk of cancer, leukemia, birth defects, and cataracts
d. there is increased risk of cancer, leukemia, birth defects, and cataracts
At what kVp levels do Compton interactions occur? a. they don't occur with x-ray exposure b. below the diagnostic radiology kVp range c. above the diagnostic radiology kVp range d. throughout the diagnostic radiology kVp range
d. throughout the diagnostic radiology kVp range
The most effective and practical way to reduce scatter radiation fog on a radiograph is to: a. decrease the OID b. decrease the SID c. increase the kVp d. use a grid or becky
d. use a grid or becky
Quantum mottle is only a problem with: a. low kVp exposures b. poor film/screen contact c. very slow speed IR systems d. very fast speed IR systems
d. very fast speed IR systems
When should gonad shielding be used? a. for all patients b. for all procedures c. when the gonads are within 10 cm of the radiation field d. when the gonads are within 5 cm of the radiation field
d. when the gonads are within 5 cm of the radiation field