Praxis 5002 Reading & Language

A cat came fiddling Out of a barn, With a pair of bagpipes Under her arm; She could sing nothing But fiddle cum dee, The mouse has married The bumble-bee; Pipe, cat; dance, mouse: We'll have a wedding At our good house. Question: The structure and cadence of this selection is characteristic of a A. fable B. nursery rhyme C. limerick D. fairy tale

B

A narrative poem must include which of the following literary elements? A. Flashbacks and foreshadowing B. Characters and plot C. Rhythm and rhyme D. Onomatopoeia and alliteration

B

A teacher is working with a group of students to help them achieve greater phonological awareness. The teacher writes the following on a whiteboard to begin a discussion. The figure presents a list of the following three words: bow (spelled b-o-w ) throw (spelled t-h-r-o-w ) tow (spelled t-o-w ). Which of the following concepts is the teacher demonstrating for the students? A.Decoding words by using syllabication B.Working with rimes to create new words C.Building words with an understanding of onsets D.Deleting phonemes to change from one word to another

B

After a speaker gives an oral report, a member of the audience asks the speaker the following questions. Could you tell me more about . . . ? Why do you think this . . . is important to understanding the topic? At the beginning of your speech, you said . . . Can you say more about that idea? The questions best demonstrate that the audience member has an understanding of which of the following components of active listening? A. Empathizing B. Probing C. Accepting D. Paraphrasing

B

After students read one version of "The Three Little Pigs" told by a third-person narrator and another version told from the wolf's perspective, a teacher asks them to respond to the writing prompt, "Which character do you sympathize with in each version of the story? Why?" The activity primarily targets students' ability to A.examine the role of prior knowledge in shaping readers' reactions to characters B.consider the impact of point of view on readers' interpretation of events C.determine the reliability of information presented to readers D.compare the effects of different organizational structures on readers' comprehension of texts

B

During a presentation, the speaker grimaces apologetically and then pauses to allow the audience to react to the message. In this situation, the speaker best demonstrates which of the following skills? A. Enunciating words to ensure clear delivery of a message B. Communicating by matching nonverbal cues with a message C. Explaining details thoroughly to ensure understanding of a message D. Sharing personal anecdotes so the audience can relate to a message

B

In which of the following sentences does the word "hollow" function as a noun? A. Jack's camera captured the raccoons trying to hollow out an old log. B. Marsha's sheep were grazing in the wide hollow between the mountains. C. Lilly's footsteps echoed with a hollow sound as she entered the old general store. D. Ashley's hollow cheeks made her seem much more mature than she actually was.

B

It is important to plan for emergencies and slack periods when operating a business. Many small businesses fail because of a lack of capital, or a certain amount of working money, being available. Which of the following explains how the author uses context clues to provide the meaning of the word "capital"? A. By using examples B. By providing a definition C. By using descriptive words D. By using opposites

B

Reading a text orally in small groups provides an opportunity for students to develop skills primarily in which of the following areas of effective oral presentation? A. Using body language to communicate emotion B. Speaking clearly and expressively C. Listening and responding to the audience D. Maintaining engagement through eye contact

B

Which of the following activities will best help students develop articulation skills within oral presentations? A.Reading aloud passages that include persuasive rhetoric B.Reading aloud short rhyming poems, focusing on individual sounds within words C.Reading aloud a script created from an excerpt of a narrative's dialogue D.Reading aloud incomplete sentences, filling in the missing words in an impromptu manner

B

Which of the following correctly segments the word "blueberry" by its onset? A.b-lueberry B.bl-ueberry C.blue-berry D.blue-ber-ry

B

Which of the following elements best helps early emergent readers construct meaning from a narrative book? A.Rich vocabulary B.Realistic illustrations C.Boldface chapter titles D.Few words to a page

B

Which of the following is a feature within an online text that is designed to help students learn more information about a particular word or example within the text? A.Bold font B.Hyperlink C.Site map D.Navigation bar

B

Which of the following is a true statement about phonological awareness in literacy development? A. The visual recognition of sight words depends on the ability to recognize sound blends. B. The decoding of unfamiliar words depends on the ability to associate sounds with written letters. C. The development of reading fluency depends on the ability to connect letter names to sounds. D. The development of reading comprehension depends on the ability to identify written letters by name.

B

Which of the following is the most appropriate strategy for assessing a text's complexity based on quantitative measures? A.Determining readers' experiences and knowledge related to the text B.Evaluating the sentence length and word frequency of the text C.Considering readers' engagement and motivation with the text D.Examining the organizational structure and features of the text

B

Which of the following online sources is the most reliable tool for academic research? A.A public, collaborative encyclopedia B.A peer-reviewed journal article containing a complete bibliography C.A well-known scientist's personal blog site D.An informational article that is hosted on the Web site of a reputable business

B

Which of the following prereading activities best helps students create a mental map of the text's content and establish a purpose for reading? A.Shared reading B.Text-feature walk C.Think-pair-share D.Semantic feature analysis

B

An advantage of cloud-based word-processing tools over traditional word-processing software is that they A.provide a spelling and grammar check to help with editing B.allow for a more polished-looking hard copy C.provide a platform for collaboration among users D.allow for the integration of images and graphics

D

Stephanie and her mother did not see eye to eye about plans for the weekend. The sentence contains an example of which of the following types of figurative language? A. Personification B. Irony C. Paradox D. Idiom

D

When students engage in conversation about a novel they are reading, their comprehension of the novel improves. Which of the following best explains the increase in reading comprehension? A. Communicating orally with others enables readers to confirm their ideas about the theme B. Talking about the text gives readers an opportunity to summarize the details of the plot C. Interacting orally with others encourages readers to use academic vocabulary to extend the meaning of a text D. Discussing the text requires readers to meet the challenge of clearly explaining their thinking to others

D

Which of the following multisyllabic words is correctly segmented into its phonemes? A.Dif-fer-ent B.St-op-s-ign C.R-e-s-t-a-u-r-a-n-t D.C-are-f-u-ll-y

D

Phoneme segmentation

The ability to identify four distinct sounds in the word "clap" demonstrates competence in which of the following phonemic awareness skills?

Which THREE of the following words contain an open syllable? A. Different B. Vehicle C. Jungle D. Fantastic E. Remembering F. Apron

Vehicle Remembering Apron

Word Student's Spelling coat coet bought baught right. rite hitch hich Question: The sample analysis of a student's spelling test shown best demonstrates which of the following characteristics of spelling development? A. The ability to recognize that words are made up of letter patterns representing sounds B. The ability to represent words phonetically, with a single letter representing each sound C. The ability to recognize sound-letter correspondence for single letters only D. The ability to represent words with random letters that have no letter-sound correspondence

A

An English-language learner (ELL) participates in a small collaborative group to read and discuss a magazine article. Which of the following best identifies how the group activity supports the reading comprehension development of the ELL? A. It provides an opportunity for the student to gain insight on how others access and process information. B. It sets a purpose for the student to read an authentic, meaningful text of personal interest. C. It improves the student's knowledge of the prosodic features and spelling conventions of written language. D. It gives the student an opportunity to apply word-recognition skills to decode content vocabulary.

A

An effective introduction to an informational oral presentation will include which of the following? A. A succinct discussion of the main ideas of the speech B. A succinct discussion of the research that supports the speech's thesis C. An enumeration of details that confirm the speaker's credibility D. An enumeration of details that explain the topic's relevance to the speaker and society

A

As a teacher shares several poems with the class, the students complete a graphic organizer that asks them to identify words or phrases that go beyond the literal meaning and appeal to the senses of the readers. The students are most likely looking for which of the following? A.Figurative language B.Voice C.Point of view D.Theme

A

Before reading a new text, a reader identifies the purpose for reading, examines the genre and difficulty of the material, and considers prior knowledge on the topic. These strategies will best help the reader focus on which of the following elements of fluency? A. Rate B. Accuracy C. Prosody D. Automaticity

A

In most cases, different terms are used to identify male and female animals of the same species. In a zoo, male and female animals are grouped together in exhibits. Male elephants are called bulls, while female elephants are cows. Chickens are known as roosters if they are male and hens if they are female. Sheep are either rams or ewes, and pigs are boars or sows. Antelope and deer are bucks or does. There are also different names for specific breeds of animals. Which of the following statements best summarizes the central idea of the excerpt? A.Animals of the same species but different sexes are often known by different names. B.Male and female animals of the same species live in the same zoo exhibits. C.Different breeds of the same species have specific names. D.All animals of the same species have different names if they are male

A

Students' phonological awareness can be assessed by evaluating their ability to A. understand how words in a text are segmented into syllables B. make personal connections to characters within a text C. understand unfamiliar words by using the surrounding text D. read with varied intonation based on story elements

A

The revision stage of the writing process includes which of the following activities? A.Recognizing faulty logic B.Identifying errors in punctuation C.Developing a clear and coherent thesis D.Replacing overused words with more compelling descriptors

A

Which of the following statements about writing development is most accurate? A.Pictorial writing usually precedes the use of letters. B.Children in the emergent stage use consistent spacing between words. C.Writing uppercase letters typically develops after writing lowercase letters. D.Children enter the transitional stage when they cease using invented spelling.

A

Which of the following visual aids is most beneficial for understanding California's growth during the years of the gold rush? A.A line or bar graph showing the population from 1848 to 1858 B.A political cartoon depicting the Workingmen's Party C.A Venn diagram comparing the gold rushes in California and Oregon D.A time line illustrating the major events of the gold rush years

A

In which THREE of the following ways do graphic novels support reading comprehension? A. They allow the reader to visualize story elements. B. They help the reader differentiate between dialogue and narration. C. They present simplified vocabulary and sentence structure to the reader. D. They assist the reader in identifying tone and mood. E. They task the reader with evaluating a small number of pages and images.

A,B,D

Which THREE of the following are characteristics of a fluent reader? A. Decodes unfamiliar words with accuracy B. Determines definitions of unfamiliar words with ease C. Demonstrates developmentally appropriate automaticity D. Reads aloud with proper expression and regard for punctuation E. Paraphrases new information presented in a text without difficulty

A,C,D

Which of the following statements best describes a student who has acquired proficiency in reading automaticity? A. The student effortlessly processes, decodes, and understands the written words in a text. B. The student reads sustained text with natural expression and appropriate phrasing. C. The student recognizes text structure, apprehends meaning, and understands author's purpose. D. The student adjusts reading rate based on comprehension demands and genre of the text.

A. The student effortlessly processes, decodes, and understands the written words in a text.

Which of the following is the best example of a primary source? A. A textbook in a specific discipline B. A magazine account of interviews conducted by researchers C. A researcher's data from surveys, interviews, or observations D. An article in a scientific journal reporting the results of several research studies

C

Which of the following tasks requires a reader to process Tier 3 vocabulary? A. Reading a descriptive passage that uses precise vocabulary words to describe familiar things B. Reading a narrative passage that uses high-frequency, single-meaning vocabulary words to describe a character C. Reading an informational passage that uses domain-specific vocabulary words to describe processes D. Reading an argumentative passage that uses challenging conversational vocabulary words to describe a problem

C

Which of the following word parts occurs in the word "agonize"? A. Prefix B. Inflection C. Greek root D. Derivational suffix

C

A teacher analyzing a reading passage for its qualitative text complexity should consider which TWO of the following? A.The number of words that will be unfamiliar to the students B.The background knowledge of the students C.The various levels of meaning in the passage D.The students' interest level in the passage subject E.The language conventionality of the excerpt

C,E

After locating basic information on a topic for a research report, the next best step to take in the process is to A. use an outline to organize the information gathered B. search for graphics to illustrate the report C. determine which information is most relevant to the research topic D. write a first draft of the research report

C

Deserts encompass almost one fifth of the Earth's land surface. Vast stretches of empty sand stretch over a barren landscape. The endless sea of sand shifts constantly with the wind over the solitary scene. Scarce foliage inhabits the stark environment. Which of the following best describes the tone of the passage? A.Frightened B.Hopeful C.Lonely D.Concerned

C

The clouds rolled in very slowly that afternoon. In the sentence, the word "very" functions as A. a verb B. an adjective C. an adverb D. a noun

C

To increase comprehension, a reading teacher suggests that a student read a selection from a text repeatedly, while focusing on proper intonation. The intervention is appropriate for helping the student to A.self-monitor for meaning B.decode unknown words C.avoid reading through punctuation D.avoid substituting an incorrect word

C

A beginning reader is learning to read and spell the following words. five dime gave cute hope Question: The reader is able to visualize and remember the letter patterns in the words and transfer this knowledge to reading and writing new words such as "hide," "take," and "robe." Which of the following best identifies the processing system the reader is using to extend learning? A. Orthographic B. Syntactic C. Phonological D. Semantic

Orthographic