PSY 381 ch 1-6 / Dilts

Almost _____ of people with a s specific phobia never seek treatment.

90 percent

June recently will soon undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Which of the following will the scan involve?

A magnetic field will realign the hydrogen atoms in June's brain, allowing the computer to read the signals to construct images of her brain.

Which of the following best defines a theory?

A theory is a set of ideas that provides a framework for asking questions about a phenomenon and for gathering and interpreting information about that phenomenon.

Alias, a Native American, was being reprimanded by his 3rd grade teacher for talking during class. The teacher became agitated when Alias constantly looked at the floor while she was talking to him. In the conversation, she repeatedly told Alias, "Look at me when I am speaking to you." Although he attempted to look at the teacher, he found it difficult and his gaze always returned to the floor. What explanation can be offered for this situation from a cross-cultural perspective?

Alias was most likely following a cultural norm, and the teacher misunderstood his behavior.

During an initial interview, Diane notes that her client tends to laugh excessively at his own jokes. He has disheveled hair and soiled clothes. Which types of information has Diane noted about her client.

Appearance and behavior; mood and affect

Which of the following is a reason an individual may develop dissociative identity disorder?

As a strategy to cope with traumas

The Hospital of Saint Mary of Bethlehem, in London, earned which nickname for its deplorable conditions?

Bedlam

Who among the following maintained that abnormal behavior was caused by excessive blood in the brain?

Benjamin Rush

____ disorders last for long periods of time, while ____ disorders have a more recent and abrupt onset of severe symptoms.

Chronic; acute.

Which of the following is an example of an obsession?

Constantly thinking about cleanliness and contamination

What is the primary advantage of human laboratory studies?

Control

People diagnosed with general anxiety disorder are thought to have deficient levels of:

GABA receptors

In the twelfth century, in the Belgian town of ____, townspeople regularly took into their homes the mentally ill visiting the shrine of Saint Dymphna for cures.

Gheel.

Which of the following is a treatment goal for dissociative identity disorder?

Helping the client work through the trauma to integrate all the alternative personalities into one coherent personality.

The Russian physiologist whose discovery of conditioned responses made a tremendous impact on psychology was _____.

Ivan Pavlov

Which two individuals argued that persons accused of being witches were mentally ill, and, consequently, had their writings banned by the Catholic Church in the sixteenth century?

Johann Weyer and Reginald Scot

Which ancient text on abnormal behavior is the oldest?

Kahun Papyrus

Factitious disorders are also referred to as _____.

Munchhausen's syndrome

_____ are thoughts, images, or impulses that are persistent, that uncontrollably intrude upon consciousness, and that cause significant anxiety or distress.

Obsessions

In which closed community was Janice Egeland's study of psychological disorders conducted?

Old Order Amish community of Pennsylvania

Which of the following ancient Greeks argued that madness arose when the rational mind was overcome by impulse, passion, or appetite?

Plato

Tina's parents are concerned because she seems to have trouble writing. She often writes her numbers backwards and misspells words. The school suggests that they seek psychological counseling, especially since the problem occurred after the family's car accident. Why might the family need a psychologist?

Psychologists can assess cognitive deficits such as learning disabilities

Prior to the eleventh century, which of the following was most often seen as the cause of bizarre behavior?

Severe emotional shock

Which historical figures argued that some forms of madness were divine and could be the source of great literary and prophetic gifts?

Socrates and Plato

Which of the following alters found in dissociative identity disorder offers advice to the other personalities or performs behaviors the host is unable to handle?

The helper

Which of the following is considered to be the most dangerous alter found in dissociative identity disorder?

The persecutor

Which critic of psychiatry argued that the entire diagnostic system of mental disorders is corrupt and should be abandoned?

Thomas Szasz

____ noted that, throughout history, societies have labeled individuals and groups abnormal in order to justify controlling or silencing them

Thomas Szasz

Unlike a person with dissociative identity disorder, a person in a fugue state:

actually leaves the scene of the trauma or stress.

In the context of emotional responses, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays an important role in _____.

anxiety

Proponents of projective tests argue that they:

are useful in uncovering unconscious motives.

Dissociative symptoms may be part of the syndrome of _____, a culturally accepted reaction to stress among Lations.

ataque de nervois

To conduct family history studies, researchers must _____.

clearly identify the probands and control groups, and then trace family trees

Loftus's "lost at the mall" studies showed how easy it is to ____.

create a false memory

Explaining the purpose of the research and answering participants' questions at the end of the study is known as:

debriefing.

A(n) ____ variable is a factor researchers try to predict or the outcome they are interested in studying.

dependent

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

does not require exposing the patient to any radiation.

A _____ study is when neither the researchers nor the participants know who is in the experimental group and who is in the control group.

double-blind

Dr. Tuten randomly assigned his abnormal psychology students to participate in a study of memory encoding specificity. This means that:

each student had an equal chance of being selected.

During the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries, European mental hospitals humiliated mentally ill patients by

exhibiting their conditions to the public for a fee.

A key assumption behind acceptance and commitment therapy is that _____, that is, avoidance of painful thoughts, memories, and feelings, is at the heart of many mental health problems.

experiential avoidance

Jason was taking a test to measure his general level of anxiety. When he glanced over the test, the questions seemed as though they were related to his problem. In this scenario, the test most likely had _____ validity.

face

When conducting research using an integrationist approach to abnormality, research must _____.

gather information about people's biological, psychological, and social vulnerabilities and strengths

Vickianna's doctor is trying to distinguish between illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorder. According to the DSM-5, to make the distinction he should be determine if Vickianna _____.

has physical symptoms

A ____ is a chemical that carries messages throughout the body, potentially affecting a person's moods, levels of energy, and reactions to stress.

hormone

Virginia is very aware of her bodily cues that signal a panic attack. This heightened awareness is known as ______.

interoceptive awareness

When they are not exposed to trauma reminders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) sufferers tend to have resting levels of cortisol that are:

lower than those of people without PTSD.

The most significant problem with the behavioral theory of phobias is that:

many people with phobias cannot identify traumatic events that triggered them.

Repression is defined as:

motivated forgetting.

Dissociative identity disorder was formerly known as ______.

multiple personality disorder

Psychologist may use _____ tests to detect specific cognitive deficits.

neurophysiological

Theorists who argue that phobias can develop through observational learning posit that:

people learn phobic behaviors by modeling the behaviors of others.

People who tend to hold dysfunctional assumptions often react to situations with all of the following EXCEPT:

rational behaviors.

According to cognitive theorists, people who experience panic attacks engage in all of the following behaviors EXCEPT:

reasoning that the stressor is temporary and will dissolve soon

A procedure known as ____ exposes patients to frequent, high-intensity magnetic pulses that are focused on particular brain structures, whereas in the ____ procedure, electrodes are surgically implanted in specific areas of the brain.

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; deep brain stimulation

Lucy rejects her therapist's interpretation of her conflict. Her reasoning is that the therapist really has no idea what she is actually going through. According to Lucy, her therapist has only book knowledge and has no idea what goes on in the real world. Lucy is most likely exhibiting _____ to the therapeutic process.

resistance

Dizygotic twins share _____ of their genes.

roughly 50 percent

In an electroencephalogram (EEG), electrodermal response refers to:

sweat gland activity.

In Pavlov's experiment, the conditioned stimulus was:

the previously neutral stimulus.

Cognitive theorists maintain that people will generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) focus on threats at both the _____ levels.

unconscious and conscious