psych 301

Sasha believes that she is a nice person. To confirm this, she asks all her friends whether she is a nice person; they all agree that she is. Sasha concludes that she is a nice person and says she has evidence of it. However, she does not ask any of her enemies whether they think she is a nice person. This is an example of which of the following? a. Confirmation bias b. Availability heuristic c. Fourth cell reasoning d. Overconfidence

A. Confirmation bias

What does it mean that behavioral research is probabilistic? a. Conclusions drawn from behavioral research are probably true b. Behavioral research involves probability sampling c. Inferences drawn from behavioral research are not expected to explain all cases d. Behavioral research requires the calculation of probability estimates

A. Inferences drawn from behavioral research are not expected to explain all cases

Compared with doing a generic internet search, why is PsycINFO a superior way to find scientific sources? a. It is free b. It searches only sources in psychology and related fields c. It can be done on any computer d. It searches research scientists' websites

A. It searches only sources in psychology and related fields

Which of the following is an example of applied research? a. A social psychologist who is interested in the components of self-concept b. An educational psychologist who looks for a way to increase math skills in 8-year olds c. A personality psychologist who studies the difference between introverts and extroverts d. A cognitive psychologist who looks at the difference in problem-solving abilities of men and women

B. An educational psychologist who looks for a way to increase math skills in 8-year olds

Stefan wants to make a causal claim in his dissertation. Which of the following is necessary? a. He must make a frequency claim first b. He must manipulate all of his variables c. He must measure all of his variables d. He must conduct an experiment

B. He must manipulate all of his variables

Dr. Ramon makes the following claim: "Watching television leads people to spend less time communicating with their spouses, study says." Dr. LaSalle makes the claim: "Research shows that making more money correlates with spending less time talking with your spouse." Which type of claim is Dr. Ramon making? a. Anecdotal claim b. Association claim c. Causal claim d. Frequency claim

C. Causal claim

Articles that could be considered journalism: a. Are typically written by scientists b. Are typically written for scientists c. Are hard to access d. Do not require specialized education to read

D. Do not require specialized education to read

Dr. Hadden wants to conduct a study that will allow him to make claims that apply to all college students. Which of the following validities is he prioritizing? a. The statistical validity of the study b. The internal validity of the study c. The construct validity of the study d. The external validity of the study

D. The external validity of the study

What two sciences is psych a combination of?

Philosophy and physiology

false positive

Type 1 error- rejecting the null hypothesis when it's true

false negative

Type 2 error- failing to reject the null hypothesis

Salma conducts a study and finds that her data do not completely support her theory. Which of the following statements should she avoid saying? a. "My data are inconsistent with my theory" b. "My data disprove my theory" c. "My theory needs amending" d. "I may need to collect more data"

b. "My data disprove my theory"

Type 1 error

when a study says there is an association between 2 variables when there isn't.

type 2 error

when a study says there is no association between 2 variables when there is