PSYCHOLOGY 100 Chapters 5-8

Touching adjacent cold and pressure spots triggers a sense of wetness.

(that's what she said) True

Which part of the brain is responsible for emotion-related memory? 1. Amygdala 2. Basal ganglia 3. Cerebellum 4. Hippocampus

1. Amygdala

In classical conditioning, which is an originally irrelevant stimulus that becomes associated and triggers a learned response? 1. CS 2. UCS 3. UCR 4. CR

1. CS

Which statement is FALSE in regards to the law of effect? 1. Reinforcers work the same for all recipients. 2. Punished behavior is less likely to recur. 3. Reinforcers vary with circumstances. 4. Rewarded behavior is more likely to occur.

1. Reinforcers work the same for all recipients.

Women commit slightly more often than men: 1. Relational aggression 2. Extreme violent acts 3. Minor physical aggression in romantic relationships

1. Relational aggression Minor physical aggression in romantic relationships: Men and women are roughly equal. Extreme violent acts: Men commit far more often than women.

The inability to form new memories is called: 1. anterograde amnesia 2. retrograde amnesia 3. retroactive interference 4. proactive interference

1. anterograde amnesia

Which of the following phenomena explains how eyewitness reconstruct their memories after a crime or accident 1. misinformation effect 2. repression 3. proactive interference 4. motivated forgetting

1. misinformation effect

Which phase of the sexual response cycle involves the body gradually returning to an unaroused state? 1. resolution 2. excitement 3. orgasm 4. plateau

1. resolution Excitement: genital areas become engorged with blood. Plateau: excitement peaks, breathing, pulse and blood pressure increase. Orgasm: Muscle contractions appear, further increasing breathing, pulse and blood pressure.

The idea that a gloomy mood could encourage recollection of other bad times is an illusion of: 1. state-dependent memory 2. serial position effect 3. context-dependent memory 4. long-term potentation

1. state-dependent memory

Which of the following represents a limit for both classical and operant conditioning? 1. Neither type is based on adaptive behavior. 2. Both types of conditioning are limited to biological constrains. 3. Neither type of conditioning applies to a variety of organisms. 4. Both types of conditioning are susceptible to order effects.

2. Both types of conditioning are limited to biological constrains.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding physical punishment? 1.Punishments teaches discrimination among situations. 2. Punished behavior is forgotten. 3. Physical punishment may increase aggression. 4. Punishment can teach fear.

2. Punished behavior is forgotten.

Which taste indicates potential poisons? 1. sour 2. bitter 3. sweet 4. umami

2. bitter sour: acid sweet: free energy umami: proteins

Vera chooses to memorize a new route by thinking about her favorite stores that she passes by. This is an example of (the): 1 testing effect 2. deep processing 3. automatic processing 4. shallow processing

2. deep processing

Which reinforcement schedule reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed? 1. variable-ratio 2. fixed-interval 3. variable-interval 4. fixed-ratio

2. fixed-interval

The acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role is called: 1. menarche 2. gender typing 3. gender identity 4. spermarche

2. gender typing Menarche is the first menstrual period. Gender identity is the sense of being a male, female, or combination of the two. Spermarche is the first ejaculation.

Which portion of the eye is the transparent structure that changes shape to help focus image? 1. pupil 2. lens 3. retina 4. iris

2. lens

Which of the following does NOT enhance memory? 1. distributed practice 2. massed practice 3. chunking 4. mnemonics

2. massed practice

Which of the following statements is true regarding current thinking about how we discriminate pitch? 1. Frequency theory 2. Place theory 3. A combination of frequency and place theory

3. A combination of frequency and place theory

Two people look at the same piece of artwork. one person claims it's brilliant while the other thinks it's junk. What likely explains the difference in perception? 1. Bottom-up processing 2. Priming 3. Top-down processing 4. Transduction

3. Top-down processing Bottom-up processing

Which of the following experiences does smell NOT commonly interact with? 1. memory 2. taste 3. audition 4. emotion

3. audition

The tendency to recall items that appear first on a list is called (the): 1. mood concurrency 2. priming 3. primary effect 4. recency effect

3. primary effect

Which term describes the basic defense mechanism from psychoanalytic theory that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness? 1. interference 2. deja vu 3. repression 4. reconsolidation

3. repression

Misattributing whether we heard about, read about, or imagined an event is called: 1. retrograde amnesia 2. infantile amnesia 3. source amnesia 4. anterograde amnesia

3. source amnesia

Which of the following is TRUE about cones? 1. Cones are best used in dim light. 2. We have more cones than rods. 3. Cones are located in the peripheral retina. 4. Cones detect color best.

4. Cones detect color best.

In regards to social connectedness, which of the following is FALSE? 1. Women tend and befriend. 2. Women tend to be interdependent. 3. Men tend to be independent. 4. Men tend to be interdependent.

4. Men tend to be interdependent.

Which factor does NOT predict sexual restraint? 1. High intelligence 2. Father presence 3. Religious engagement 4. Mother presence

4. Mother presence

Which of the following is TRUE in regards to sexual orientation? 1. Homosexuality involves fear of the opposite sex. 2. Sexual orientation is linked to current hormone levels in the blood. 3. Homosexuality is linked to familial relationship problems. 4. Sexual orientation can be linked to prenatal hormone levels.

4. Sexual orientation can be linked to prenatal hormone levels.

Which of the following statements about exposure to sexually explicit material is TRUE? 1. Increased exposure to material is likely to increase emotional response. 2. This material often makes one's own partner seem more attractive. 3. This material often increases satisfaction with one's own sexual partner. 4. This material may increase rape acceptance.

4. This material may increase rape acceptance.

Which of the following is FALSE in regards to aggression? 1. Men display more aggression. 2. Men display more relational aggression. 3. Women display less relational aggression. 4. Women and men exhibit similar levels of aggression.

4. Women and men exhibit similar levels of aggression.

Which of the following is NOT found in both men and women? 1. Estrogen 2. X chromosome 3. Testosterone 4. Y chromosome

4. Y chromosome

The minimum stimulus energy needed to detect a stimulus is called (the): 1. subliminal 2. difference threshold 3. priming 4. absolute threshold

4. absolute threshold

Which rule of perceptual organization shows that we fill in gaps to create whole objects? 1. figure-ground 2. proximity 3. continuity 4. closure

4. closure

Which refers to the processing of information into the memory system? 1. parallel processing 2. retrieval 3. storage 4. encoding

4. encoding

Which of the following is an example of primary sex characteristics? 1. male voice quality 2. body hair 3. female hips 4. ovaries

4. ovaries

Guilt related to sexual activity

72% of 12- to 17-year-old American girls regretted having sex.

Mirror neurons may provide a basis for: 1. imitation 2. observational learning 3. empathy

All

Biopsychosocial approach to pain

Biological: gate-control theory (the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain. The "gate" is opened by the activity of pain signals travelling up nerve fibers, and closed by activity in larger fibers or by information coming from the brain) Psychological: focus and memories Social-cultural: we perceive more pain when others experience it

Prolactin

Both men and women have a higher level of prolactin, a hormone associated with sexual satisfaction when achieving orgasm with their partner than by themselves.

Early menarche

Causes: father absence, sexual abuse, insecure attachments, mother smoking during pregnancy

Which structure of the ear is the coiled fluid filled tube?

Cochlea

A mental representation of the layout of one's environment is called a:

Cognitive map

Source amnesia helps to explain:

Deja vu

Greatest difficulty facing contemporary parapsychology

ESP: the controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input; includes telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition.

Infants just learning to crawl do not perceive depth.

False

People who have sight in only one eye are totally unable to gauge distances.

False

True or False: Advertisers can powerfully shape our buying habits through subliminal messages

False

Gay men tend to have more gay relatives on their mother's side than on their father's, which supports a genetic basis for homosexuality.

Fertile female theory

Blake prefers to be paid for the exact amount of work he does rather than by hour. This schedule of reinforcement is called:

Fixed-ratio schedule

Role of gender schemas

Gender schemas form early in life and organize experiences of male-female characteristics.

HPV

Human papillomavirus; can be transmitted through oral sex, and prevented with a vaccine.

Animals tend to revert from newly learned habits to their biologically predisposed behaviors. It is an example of:

Instinctive drift

The desire to perform a behavior effectively for it'a own sake is called:

Intrinsic motivation

Whenever he feels sexually jealous, David is flooded with painful memories of instances when he thought his girlfriend was flirting with other men. This is an example of:

Mood-congruent memory

Volley principle

Neural cells alternating firing, achieving a combined frequency above 1000 waves per second

Two 4-year-olds have seen the Spiderman movies and have been found trying to recreate it. This is an example of:

Observational learning

Little kids copy senseless irrelevant actions adults do, illustrating the concept of:

Overimitation

Perceptual constancy

Perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images change.

Clairvoyance

Perceiving remote events, such as house on fire in another state.

Administering something that is undesired is called:

Positive punishment

Every Saturday morning, Josh quickly washes the family's breakfast dishes so that his father will allow him to wash his car. In this instance, washing the car is an example of:

Positive reinforcer

When people are asked to recall a list of words they had earlier memorized, they often substitute synonyms for some of the words on the original list. This is an example of:

Semantic processing

This theory proposes that social behavior is learned by observing and imitating others' gender-linked behavior and by being rewarded or punished.

Social learning theory

What is gender typing?

The acquisition of a masculine or feminine role.

Embodied cognition

The influence of bodily sensations, gestures, and other states on cognitive preferences and judgements.

Masters and Johnson data gathering technique.

They have reported observing more than 10,000 sexual cycles of 382 female and 312 male volunteers who have masturbated or had intercourse to have their physiological responses recorded.

A person who is born blind but gains sight as an adult cannot recognize objects that were familiar by touch.

True

If required to look through a pair of glasses that turns the world upside down, we soon adapt and coordinate our movements without difficulty.

True

If we stare at a green square for a while and then look at a white sheet of paper, we see red.

True

People who are born without the ability to feel pain may die by early adulthood.

True

Desensitization and imitation are two factors that contribute to the:

Violence-viewing effect

Gay-straight difference in intelligence

gays and lesbians fall midway between straight women and men. Straight women and gays outperform straight men at remembering objects' spacial locations.

The tendency for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit a similar response is called:

generalization

Our sense of touch includes a perception of:

temperature, pressure and pain