Psychology: Learning Curve 13b.

Which is NOT a way in which individuals and environments interact?

People are unable to choose their environment.

Which of the following is a common criticisms of the trait perspective?

People do not act with predictable consistency; behavior may vary from one situation to the next.

Yu-Fin is from China. She defines her goals in terms of her family's goals and values. Her identity is based on her identification with her extended family, which brings her great comfort and security. Yu-Fin is demonstrating _____.

collectivism

Geneva has an extremely clean dorm room. She keeps no clutter on her desk, she awakens very early to keep up with her schoolwork, and her car is spotless. Which of the following Big Five personality traits does she exhibit the MOST?

conscientiousness

The Big Five personality factor that involves the endpoints sociable versus retiring and affectionate versus reserved is called:

extraversion

When Josephine was hired as an advertising executive, she was told that she got the job because of the charisma she displayed to clients. According to "Thinking Critically About the Stigma of Introversion," what trait does Josephine possess that is thought to be a basic requirement to be successful in this field?

extraversion

A researcher is attempting to develop a new personality test. As part of the process, he needs to identify clusters of related items. For this he will need to apply _____.

factor analysis

According to the text, people are often most overconfident when they are most:

incompetent

Which of the following is a psychological influence in the biopsychosocial approach to the study of personality?

learned responses

Donnie enjoys ice skating with his friends. What would be a behavioral factor associated with ice skating for Donnie?

learning to ice skate

As a psychologist, Calvin asks a client to complete the MMPI. After he scores the client's test, he notices that her answers made her seem healthier than she seems to be. These false answers may be detected on the:

lie scale

Vincent was a famous rock musician during the 1980s. Even though he has not had a hit in more than 25 years, he constantly brags about his past musical hits and wants people to recognize him for his past accomplishments. His psychologist thinks Vincent is excessively self-absorbed and thus believes he displays a high level of:

narcissism

The maturity principle is the idea that we become more conscientious and agreeable and less ____ up to age 40.

neurotic

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a(n) _____ test.

objective

People's behavior can be described in terms of the spotlight effect. This means that they:

overestimate the extent to which other people are noticing them.

A questionnaire on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors and is used to assess selected personality traits is known as a(n) _____.

personality inventory

Brenda's past experiences in college classes influence her attitude toward academic achievement, which then influences how she prepares for her current classes. This is an example of:

reciprocal determinism

Reciprocal determinism involves environmental, behavioral, and internal cognitive factors, as proposed by the _____ perspective.

social-cognitive

The _____ perspective on personality emphasizes the interaction of people's traits with their situations.

social-cognitive

According to Gordon Allport, personality should be described in terms of:

traits

Jennifer's 5-year-old niece loves to pretend she is a scientist. She also enjoys pretending she is a horse trainer. These pretend games allow children to:

try out many possible selves