Psychology Mod 7 & 8

The human sleep cycle repeats itself about every a. 30 min b. 90 min c. 2 1/2 hours d. 4 hours

90 min

The distinction between manifest content and latent content is central to _________ theory. a. the neural activation b. the information processing c. Freud's wish-fullfilment d. Hilgard's dissociation

Freud's wish-fulfillement

Hypnagogic sensations are most closely associated with _______ sleep. a. NREM-1 b. NREM-2 c. NREM-3 d. REM

NREM-1

Bed-wetting is most likely to occur at the end of ______ sleep a. NREM-1 b. NREM-2 c. NREM-3 d. REM

NREM-3

Sleepwalking is most likely to be associated with _____ sleep a. NREM-1 b. NREM-2 c. NREM-3 d. REM

NREM-3

A recurring sleep stage during which most vivid dreams commonly occur is known as _______ sleep a. NREM-1 b. NREM-2 c. NREM-3 d. REM

REM

At 3 o'clock in the morning, John has already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurrence of A. hypnagogic sensations B. muscle tension C. REM sleep D. Stage 4 sleep

REM sleep

Fast and jerky movements of the eyes are especially likely to be associated with a. sleep spindles b. narcolepsy c. REM sleep d. sleep apnea

REM sleep

Genital arousal is most likely to be associated with a. sleep apnea b. REM sleep c. NREM-3 sleep d. sleep-spindles

REM sleep

Which of the following is the best advice for a person concerned about occasional insomnia? A. relax and drink a glass of milk B. eat a big dinner late in the evening C. relax with a drink of your favorite alcoholic beverage just before bed D. engage in some for of vigorous exercise right before bed

Relax and drink a glass of milk before bed

Consciousness is to unconsciousness as ________ is to _________. A. selective attention; the cocktail party affect B. sequential processing; parallel processing C. the hollow face illusion; the pop-out phenomenon D. choice blindness; change blindness

Sequential processing, parallel processing

The Circadian rhythm refers to A. the pattern of emotional ups and downs we routinely experience B. a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle C. the experience of sleep apnea following an extensive transoceanic flight D. the cycle of four distant stages that we experience during a normal night's sleep

a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle

Jordanna has decided to go to bed early. Although her eyes are closed and she's very relaxed, she has not yet fallen asleep. An EEG is most likely to indicate the presence of A. delta waves B. alpha waves C. sleep spindles D. rapid eye movements

alpha waves

While a man provided directions to a construction worker, two experimenters rudely interrupted by passing between them carrying a door. The man's failure to notice that the construction worker was replaced by a different person during this interruption illustrates A. the pop-out phenomenon B. a visual perception track C. parallel processing D. change blindness

change blindness

A specialty area that focuses on the connections between brain activity and mental processes is known as a. evolutionary psychology b. behavior genetics c. personality psychology d. cognitive neuroscience

cognitive neuroscience

The large, slow brain waves associated with NREM-3 sleep are called a. sleep spindles b. delta waves c. alpha waves d. REMs

delta waves

Sleep deprivation has been shown to A. increase attentiveness to highly motivating tasks B. reduce REM rebound C. diminish immunity to disease D. decrease narcolepsy

diminish immunity to disease

Although we may be unaware of our gender prejudices, they often influence the way we consciously perceive males and females. This best illustrates A. the hollow face illusion B. dual processing C. the pop-out phenomenon D. the cocktail party effect

dual processing

The simultaneous processing of information at both conscious and unconscious levels is called a. the cocktail party effect b. the pop-out phenomenon c. dual processing d. selective attention

dual processing

Bats need a lot of sleep because their high waking metabolism produces _______ that are toxic to neurons a. ampetamines b. hypnagogic sensations c. free radicals d. alpha waves

free radicals

Susan is a political cartoonist whose work require her to think imaginatively and present ideas in visually novel ways. Her work is most likely to be facilitated by A. hypnagogic sensations B. sleep spindles C. full nights of sleep D. delta waves

full nights of sleep

Sleep deprivation increases levels of the hunger-arousing hormone...... a. melatonin b. ghrelin c. leptin d. serotonin

ghrelin

Sleep deprivation increases levels of the hunger-arousing hormone ______ and decreases level of the hunger-suppressing hormone _______. a. melatonin; cortisol b. serotonin c. ghrelin, leptin d. epinephrine; norepinephrine

ghrelin, leptin

People who claim to have been abducted by space aliens--often shortly after going to bed--commonly recall being floated off their beds. It is most likely that they have incorporated ______ into their memories. a. sleep spindles b. narcolepsy c. hypnagogic sensations d. sleep apnea

hypnagogic sensations

The part of the brain called our biological clock because it regulates our sleep wake cycle is a. thalamus b. pineal gland c. hypothalamus d. cerebellum

hypothalamus

Most college students are "Owls" with performance ___________ across the day. Most adults are "larks" with performance _______ as the day progresses A. improving, declining B. declining, improving C. declining; staying the same D. staying the same; declining

improving, declining

Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere is called A. the pop-out phenomenon B. parallel processing C. sequential processing D. inattentional blindness

inattentional blindness

Traffic accident rates have been found to ____ after the spring change to daylight savings time and to _____ after the fall change back to standard time. a. increase; increase b. decrease; decrease c. increase; decrease d. decrease; increase

increase; decrease

People who regularly sleep less than normal experience an ___________ risk of depression and a _________ risk of obesity. a. decreased; decreased b. increased; increased c. decreased; increased d. increased; decreased

increased; increased

Research indicates that total time spent in REM sleep is especially high in A. males B. infants C. females D. older adults

infants

Which theory emphasizes that dreams play a role in consolidating the day's experiences in our memories? A. wish-fulfillment theory B. cognitive development theory C. neural activation theory D. information- processing theory

information- processing theory

While soundly asleep, people cannot A. talk and dream at the same time B. incorporate environmental changes into the content of their dreams C. learn tape-recorded messages to which they are repeatedly exposed D. do any of these things

learn tape-recorded messages to which they are repeatedly exposed

Freud called the remembered story line of a dream its ____ content. a. manifest b. paradoxical c. hypnagogic d. circadian

manifest

Which theory suggests that dreams are mental responses to random bursts of neural stimulation? A. cognitive development theory B. social influence theory C. neural activation theory D. wish-fulfillment theory

neural activation theory

REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because.... A. our heart rate is slow and steady, while our breathing is highly irregular B. we are deeply asleep but can be awakened easily C. our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move D. it leads to highly imaginative dreams that are percieved as colorless images

our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move.

A capacity to monitor simultaneously the color, shape, and motion of an object best illustrates a. the pop-out phenomenon b. parallel processing c. the cocktail party effects d. change blindness

parallel processing

Research studies of the content of dreams indicate that A. more likely to experience night terrors and less likely to experience sleepwalking B. less likely to experience night terrors and more likely to experience sleepwalking C. less likely to experience night terrors and less likely to experience sleepwalking D. more likely to experience night terrors and more likely more experience sleepwalking

people are more likely to dream of failure than of success

A teenager texting while crossing the street is not likely to notice a car rounding the corner and about to cross her path. This best illustrates the impact of B. selective attention C. dual processing D. sequential processing

selective attention

While reading a noble, Raoul isn't easily distracted by the sounds of the TV or even by his brothers' loud arguments. This best illustrates A. dual processing B. sequential processing C. choice blindness D. selective attention

selective attention

Which of the following sleep disorders is most strongly associated with obesity? a. narcolepsy b. insomnia c. night terrors d. sleep apnea

sleep apnea

Research on sleep patterns indicates that A. older adults and newborns have very similar sleep patterns B. different sleep patterns reflect differences in latent dream content C. everyone needs a minimum of 8 hours of sleep per night to function well D. sleep patterns may be genetically influenced

sleep patterns may be genetically influenced

Compared with unconscious information processing, conscious information processing is relatively A. fast and especially effective for solving new problems B. slow and especially effective for solving new problems C. fast and especially effective for solving routine problems D. slow and especially effective for solving routine problems

slow and especially effective for solving new problems

Production of the human growth hormone necessary for muscle development is most strongly associated with a. sleep spindles b. slow-wave sleep c. hypnagogic sensation d. REM sleep

slow-wave sleep

Compared with when they were only 20 years old, 60-year-olds A. spend less time in deep sleep B. spend less time in NREM-1 sleep C. spend more time in paradoxical sleep D. complete the sleep cycle more slowly

spend less time in deep sleep

Sleep deprivation _______ the production of body fat by ________ levels of the stress hormone coritsol. a. stimulates; increasing b. inhibits; increasing c. stimulates; decreasing d. inhibits; decreasing

stimulates; increasing

The circadian rhythm is influenced by light-sensitive retinal proteins that trigger signals to the A. supraschiasmatic nucleus B. dopamine reward system C. thyroid gland D. sleep spindles

superchiasmatic nucleus

Chronic sleep deprivation is most likely to contribute to a. weight loss b. increases creativity c. suppression of the immune system d. decreased blood pressure

suppression of the immune system

REM rebound involves the A tendency for REM sleep periods to become increasingly longer and more frequent as a normal night of sleep progresses B. increase in REM sleep that characteristically follows intense learning episodes or stressful daytime experiences C. unusual symptoms of tiredness and irritability that follow periods of REM sleep deprivation D. tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

Staying up late on weekends is most likely to have an influence on a. narcolepsy b. sleep apnea c. the circadian rhythm d. dissociation

the circadian rhythm

Forty-year-old Lance insists that he never dreams. Research suggests that he probably.... A. would report a vivid dream if he were awakened during REM sleep B. dreams during NREM-1 rather than during REM sleep C. experiences more NREM-2 sleep than most people D. cycles through the distinct sleep stages much more rapidly than most people

would report a vivid dream if he were awakened during REM sleep