Radiology Chapter 12

What is indicated by a side marker

The side of the patient

In radiography, what three items must be precisely aligned

The x-ray tube The IR The body part

What is the primary function of epithelial tissue

To protect underlying tissues

What does the term cephalad mean

Toward the head

The midcoronal place divides the body into equal ---- halves

anterior and posterior halves

The smallest unit of living things are called

cells

A joint that is classified as diarthrodial is

freely moveable

Physiology pertains to the study of the ---- function of the human body

function

When the cause of a disease is unknown, then the disease is classified as

idiopathic

A joint that is classified as synarthrodial is

immoveable

Cells are defined as

smallest units of living things

A long, sharp bony process is called a

styloid

A group of similar cells that work together to perform a common function is called an

tissue

What does supination mean

to turn the arm so that the palm of the hand is up

How many major organ systems comprise the human body

11

How many bones compose the skeletal system

206

There are ----- levels of structural organization of the human body

6`

What is a system

A group of organs that work together to perform complex functions

An organ is defines as

A group of tissue that work together to perform specialize and complex functions

Movement of a part away from the central axis of the body is called

Abduction

Diseases that are characterized by a sudden onset of symptoms and/ or signs are called ---- conditions

Acute

Which of the following terms may be used in place of the gastrointestinal tract?

Alimentary canal

What term is applied to joints that allow limited movement?

Amphiarthrosis

What term refers to the structure of the human body

Anatomy

Pelvis and Extremities are parts of what

Appendicular skeleton

What are the two basic divisions of the skeletal system

Axial and appendicular

Skull and spine are parts of what

Axial skeleton

What is the result of imaging patient motion on a radiograph

Blurring of the radiograph

What is the highest level of human structural organization>

Body

An axial projection is achieved when the:

CR is angled longitudinally 10 degrees or more

Which organ system is composed of the heart and blood vessels

Circulatory

A rounded process that forms part of a joint is called a

Condyle

Which tissue type is the most widely distributed and has the greatest variety of form and function

Connective

Which of the following are classified as main tissue types?

Connective and Epithelial

When the long side of the IR is placed perpendicular to the long axis of the body, then the IR placement is

Crosswise

In what part of the cell are the organelles located

Cytoplasm

The highly specialized fluid portion of the cell is the

Cytoplasm

Which radiographic position requires a recumbent body position and a horizontal CR

Decubitus

What term is applied to joints that are freely moveable

Diarthrosis

Which of the following is the proper medical term for swelling

Edema

A patient is standing with the left side of the chest against the upright Bucky, arms above the head. What is the patient position?

Erect left lateral

What term is used to describe a straightened joint

Extension

Which of the following are examples of long bones

Femur Humerus Tibia

Which type of bone is made up of two layers of compact bone with a thin cancellous layer

Flat bones

A hole in bone that provides passage for nerves and blood vessels is called a

Foramen

What term is applied to the condition in which the tissue of the bone is broken or disruptive?

Fracture

Diseases that occur as the result of treatment by health professionals are termed

Iatrogenic

Which of the following are organ systems of the human body

Integumentary lymphatic Nervous

What side marker should be places on the IR for a PA projections of the left hand?

Left

A patient lying on their left side to evaluate for fluid in the lungs. The x-ray beam is horizontal. What is the patient position?

Left lateral decubitus

A localized area of destructive change in body tissue is called a

Lesion

What term is used to denote the spread if malignant neoplasm

Metastasis

Which plane divides the body into equal tight and left halves

Midsagittal

Which tissue types produce movement

Muscle

Which of the following is the medical term for a growth or tumor

Neoplasm

Which tissue type functions to conduct electric impulses to provide rapid communication between body structures?

Nervous

Which disease classification refers to those diseases acquired within the hospital

Nosocomial

Which portion of the cell contains chromosomes

Nucleus

A group of tissues that work together to perform specialized and complex functions is called an

Organ

A patient standing for a chest x-ray. The body is angles 30 - 45 degrees to the left so that the anterior surface is against the upright bucky.. What is the projection

PA oblique

A general knowledge of ---- helps limited operators understand the reasons procedures are needed

Pathology

The study of diseases or abnormal conditions of the body is termed

Pathology

What term refers to the study of the function of the human body

Physiology

When a patient is imaged in the prone position, the patient must be

Placed in a recumbent position on his her stomach

Which part of a cell encloses the cytoplasm and forms the outer boundary of the cell

Plasma membrane

Which of the following are the main parts of a cell

Plasma membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus

The term applied to the back portion of the body or body part is:

Posterior

A patient is standing with the anterior surface of the chest against the upright Bucky, Arms to the side with the shoulder rotated forward. What is the projection?

PosteriorAnterior (PA)

If a disease is classified as a congenital disease, this means that the condition is

Present at birth

A prediction of the course of the disease and the prospects for the patients recovery is termed?

Prognosis

What term is used to describe the path of the CR from the radiographic tube, through the patient and to the IR

Projection

What is the function of the plasma membrane of a cell

Provides communication between the cell and the rest of the body

Which organ system does not function for the survival of the individual

Reproductive

Trachea, Alveoli are parts of which system

Respiratory system

A patient is prone and the body is angled 45 degrees so that the right side of the body is against the table top. What is the patient position?

Right anterior oblique

Carpal bones and tarsal bones are examples of

Short bones

Observed, objective manifestations of disease are called:

Signs

Which of the following describes anatomic position

Standing facing the observer with palms and hands turned forward and toes facing anteriorly

Anatomy refers to the ----- of the body

Structure

Which body position term indicates that the patient is lying on his or her back

Supine

What terms is used to describe the patients report of his or her perception of the condition?

Symptoms

What term is applied to joints that are not moveable

Synarthrosis