Radiology Chapter 12
What is indicated by a side marker
The side of the patient
In radiography, what three items must be precisely aligned
The x-ray tube The IR The body part
What is the primary function of epithelial tissue
To protect underlying tissues
What does the term cephalad mean
Toward the head
The midcoronal place divides the body into equal ---- halves
anterior and posterior halves
The smallest unit of living things are called
cells
A joint that is classified as diarthrodial is
freely moveable
Physiology pertains to the study of the ---- function of the human body
function
When the cause of a disease is unknown, then the disease is classified as
idiopathic
A joint that is classified as synarthrodial is
immoveable
Cells are defined as
smallest units of living things
A long, sharp bony process is called a
styloid
A group of similar cells that work together to perform a common function is called an
tissue
What does supination mean
to turn the arm so that the palm of the hand is up
How many major organ systems comprise the human body
11
How many bones compose the skeletal system
206
There are ----- levels of structural organization of the human body
6`
What is a system
A group of organs that work together to perform complex functions
An organ is defines as
A group of tissue that work together to perform specialize and complex functions
Movement of a part away from the central axis of the body is called
Abduction
Diseases that are characterized by a sudden onset of symptoms and/ or signs are called ---- conditions
Acute
Which of the following terms may be used in place of the gastrointestinal tract?
Alimentary canal
What term is applied to joints that allow limited movement?
Amphiarthrosis
What term refers to the structure of the human body
Anatomy
Pelvis and Extremities are parts of what
Appendicular skeleton
What are the two basic divisions of the skeletal system
Axial and appendicular
Skull and spine are parts of what
Axial skeleton
What is the result of imaging patient motion on a radiograph
Blurring of the radiograph
What is the highest level of human structural organization>
Body
An axial projection is achieved when the:
CR is angled longitudinally 10 degrees or more
Which organ system is composed of the heart and blood vessels
Circulatory
A rounded process that forms part of a joint is called a
Condyle
Which tissue type is the most widely distributed and has the greatest variety of form and function
Connective
Which of the following are classified as main tissue types?
Connective and Epithelial
When the long side of the IR is placed perpendicular to the long axis of the body, then the IR placement is
Crosswise
In what part of the cell are the organelles located
Cytoplasm
The highly specialized fluid portion of the cell is the
Cytoplasm
Which radiographic position requires a recumbent body position and a horizontal CR
Decubitus
What term is applied to joints that are freely moveable
Diarthrosis
Which of the following is the proper medical term for swelling
Edema
A patient is standing with the left side of the chest against the upright Bucky, arms above the head. What is the patient position?
Erect left lateral
What term is used to describe a straightened joint
Extension
Which of the following are examples of long bones
Femur Humerus Tibia
Which type of bone is made up of two layers of compact bone with a thin cancellous layer
Flat bones
A hole in bone that provides passage for nerves and blood vessels is called a
Foramen
What term is applied to the condition in which the tissue of the bone is broken or disruptive?
Fracture
Diseases that occur as the result of treatment by health professionals are termed
Iatrogenic
Which of the following are organ systems of the human body
Integumentary lymphatic Nervous
What side marker should be places on the IR for a PA projections of the left hand?
Left
A patient lying on their left side to evaluate for fluid in the lungs. The x-ray beam is horizontal. What is the patient position?
Left lateral decubitus
A localized area of destructive change in body tissue is called a
Lesion
What term is used to denote the spread if malignant neoplasm
Metastasis
Which plane divides the body into equal tight and left halves
Midsagittal
Which tissue types produce movement
Muscle
Which of the following is the medical term for a growth or tumor
Neoplasm
Which tissue type functions to conduct electric impulses to provide rapid communication between body structures?
Nervous
Which disease classification refers to those diseases acquired within the hospital
Nosocomial
Which portion of the cell contains chromosomes
Nucleus
A group of tissues that work together to perform specialized and complex functions is called an
Organ
A patient standing for a chest x-ray. The body is angles 30 - 45 degrees to the left so that the anterior surface is against the upright bucky.. What is the projection
PA oblique
A general knowledge of ---- helps limited operators understand the reasons procedures are needed
Pathology
The study of diseases or abnormal conditions of the body is termed
Pathology
What term refers to the study of the function of the human body
Physiology
When a patient is imaged in the prone position, the patient must be
Placed in a recumbent position on his her stomach
Which part of a cell encloses the cytoplasm and forms the outer boundary of the cell
Plasma membrane
Which of the following are the main parts of a cell
Plasma membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus
The term applied to the back portion of the body or body part is:
Posterior
A patient is standing with the anterior surface of the chest against the upright Bucky, Arms to the side with the shoulder rotated forward. What is the projection?
PosteriorAnterior (PA)
If a disease is classified as a congenital disease, this means that the condition is
Present at birth
A prediction of the course of the disease and the prospects for the patients recovery is termed?
Prognosis
What term is used to describe the path of the CR from the radiographic tube, through the patient and to the IR
Projection
What is the function of the plasma membrane of a cell
Provides communication between the cell and the rest of the body
Which organ system does not function for the survival of the individual
Reproductive
Trachea, Alveoli are parts of which system
Respiratory system
A patient is prone and the body is angled 45 degrees so that the right side of the body is against the table top. What is the patient position?
Right anterior oblique
Carpal bones and tarsal bones are examples of
Short bones
Observed, objective manifestations of disease are called:
Signs
Which of the following describes anatomic position
Standing facing the observer with palms and hands turned forward and toes facing anteriorly
Anatomy refers to the ----- of the body
Structure
Which body position term indicates that the patient is lying on his or her back
Supine
What terms is used to describe the patients report of his or her perception of the condition?
Symptoms
What term is applied to joints that are not moveable
Synarthrosis