RBT Training APF 1.01-9.01

What is a key risk associated with unreliable data collection? Enhanced reliability Accurate results Measurement bias Increased validity

-Measurement bias

Which of the following is included in prior session documentation? Only verbal reports from previous sessions Session notes and graphs Only direct client feedback A summary without behavioral data

-Session notes and graphs

Which assessment is used to evaluate social skills in children? Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule Wechsler Intelligence Scale Functional Behavior Assessment Social Skills Improvement System

-Social Skills Improvement System

What is the purpose of reviewing prior session documentation? To strictly follow previous session plans without change To avoid making any adjustments to the intervention plan To track progress and adjust interventions as needed To keep session notes without reviewing them

-To track progress and adjust interventions as needed

Which of the following is a characteristic of free operant preference assessments? Requires systematic ranking of all choices Allows access to multiple stimuli without restrictions Includes forced-choice selections Eliminates all problem behavior

-Allows access to multiple stimuli without restrictions

What was a common rationale interventionists used to determine the 'magic number' in the study? Random selection. Based on previous session performance. Pre-set number for all sessions. Avoidance of reinforcement.

-Based on previous session performance.

Which of the following best defines operant behavior? Behavior that occurs independently of consequences Behavior shaped by its consequences A reflexive response to stimuli A behavior that is unaffected by reinforcement or punishment

-Behavior shaped by its consequences

Which principle ensures ABA interventions have practical value? Generality Effectiveness Conceptual systematicity Technological clarity

-Effectiveness

Which of the following is an example of an unconditioned reinforcer? Money Food Praise Tokens

-Food

Which of the following is an example of an indirect assessment? ABC recording Functional analysis Interview Direct observation

-Interview

Which of the following is an indicator of trustworthy measurement? Measurement bias Validity Observer drift Reactivity

-Validity

What does stimulus control refer to in discrimination training? Reinforcement occurring randomly. All behaviors occurring at the same rate regardless of stimuli. A behavior occurring more often in the presence of a specific stimulus. A behavior occurring less often due to reinforcement.

-A behavior occurring more often in the presence of a specific stimulus.

What is the focus of in-the-moment reinforcer analysis? Replacing all low-preference items Only using past preferences Assessing variables such as verbal and non-verbal behavior to determine possible reinforcers Ranking stimuli in a structured format

-Assessing variables such as verbal and non-verbal behavior to determine possible reinforcers

What does the mean duration calculation represent? Number of times the behavior occurred First occurrence of behavior Average duration of behavior over multiple sessions Total duration in one session

-Average duration of behavior over multiple sessions

Which antecedent strategy involves giving a learner control over their environment? Demand fading Choice-making Noncontingent reinforcement Response cost

-Choice-making

Which of the following is a function-based antecedent intervention? Token economy Response blocking Punishment procedures Contingency-dependent intervention

-Contingency-dependent intervention

What does the Verbal Behavior Milestones Assessment and Placement assess? Language acquisition over years Adaptive behavior IQ scores Motor skills

-Language acquisition over years

What is an extinction burst? The permanent elimination of the behavior The sudden learning of a new behavior An unrelated response occurring A temporary increase in the behavior before it decreases

-A temporary increase in the behavior before it decreases

Which is a historically evaluated function of behavior? Control over all environments Increased cognitive awareness Access to social attention Avoidance of all stimuli

-Access to social attention

What is an advantage of experimental functional analysis? Determines the function of problem behavior Requires minimal resources Only works in clinical settings Does not require direct observation

-Determines the function of problem behavior

Which graph type is commonly used in ABA to show trends over time? Pie chart Line graph Histogram Pictogram

-Line graph

What did research indicate about skill acquisition in discrimination training? Participants did not acquire any skills. The counterbalanced condition was least effective. Participants showed higher independent correct responses in the IMAP condition. All conditions led to the same acquisition rate.

-Participants showed higher independent correct responses in the IMAP condition.

What is one key factor affecting clinical judgment in ABA? Eliminating distractions entirely Avoiding consideration of motivation Ignoring environmental variables Past performance of the individual

-Past performance of the individual

What is an example of a standardized and direct assessment of receptive language? Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test Functional Analysis Screening Tool Preference Assessment

-Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test

How does multiple stimulus without replacement (MSWO) differ from multiple stimulus with replacement (MSW)? Selected stimuli are not replaced All stimuli remain in the array Participants choose multiple items at once It does not involve ranking

-Selected stimuli are not replaced

In forward chaining, when is reinforcement delivered? Only after the entire chain is completed. At random intervals. Before any behavior occurs. After the first behavior in the sequence is achieved.

-After the first behavior in the sequence is achieved.

Which of the following is one of the three branches of behavior analysis? Psychodynamic therapy Cognitive neuroscience Experimental analysis of behavior Behavioral economics

-Experimental analysis of behavior

What did research find about the maintenance of changed preferences in children with ASD? It was consistent for all participants. It was idiosyncratic across participants. It showed no effect on preference. It permanently changed all preferences.

-It was idiosyncratic across participants.

What is a disadvantage of first-trial data collection? More time-consuming Requires complex calculations Needs real-time observation Less representative

-Less representative

Which of the following is a characteristic of a good operational definition? Ambiguous Objective Subjective Emotion-based

-Objective

What is the primary purpose of the x-axis in a graph? Shows measurement accuracy Displays observer drift Represents time or sessions Indicates frequency

-Represents time or sessions

What is a limitation of estimation data? More reliable Requires more training Gathers real-time data Reduces observer bias

-Requires more training

What is one recommendation to prevent faulty stimulus control? Use errorless teaching methods. Provide inconsistent reinforcement. Use only auditory stimuli. Avoid requiring an observing response.

-Use errorless teaching methods.

What is positive punishment? A response followed by the presentation of a stimulus that decreases the future likelihood of the response A stimulus that reinforces future behaviors The removal of a stimulus to decrease behavior An automatic response to a stimulus

-A response followed by the presentation of a stimulus that decreases the future likelihood of the response

What is an intraverbal response? A verbal response controlled by another verbal stimulus without point-to-point correspondence A verbal response mimicking another person A non-verbal response to a verbal command A written response to an auditory stimulus

-A verbal response controlled by another verbal stimulus without point-to-point correspondence

What is an antecedent in a three-term contingency? A consequence that follows the behavior A neutral stimulus that has no effect on behavior An environmental condition or stimulus change that occurs before a behavior A punishment used to decrease behavior

-An environmental condition or stimulus change that occurs before a behavior

Which of the following is an example of a mand? Asking for a glass of water that is occasioned by deprivation of water Labeling an object as 'water' when you see it Saying 'water' when asked what you drink Repeating 'water' after someone says it

-Asking for a glass of water that is occasioned by deprivation of water

Why is assent considered an ongoing process? Because consent must be re-obtained every session Because it is legally binding once given Because it is not important after initial approval Because a client's willingness to participate can change over time

-Because a client's willingness to participate can change over time

What is the primary purpose of task analysis? Breaking down a complex skill into smaller, teachable units. Ensuring all tasks require a single step. Teaching only through verbal instruction. Avoiding reinforcement in skill development.

-Breaking down a complex skill into smaller, teachable units.

What should be included in a properly prepared data sheet? Random notes Predictions of behavior Hypothetical trends Child's identifying information

-Child's identifying information

What should be considered when preparing materials for a session? Using the same materials for every client Avoiding reinforcement to keep the session neutral Skipping preparation to allow for natural teaching moments Condition and intended use of materials

-Condition and intended use of materials

What is the main difference between consent and assent? Assent is required in all therapy settings Consent can be ignored if assent is obtained They are the same and interchangeable Consent is legally required, while assent is the client's agreement

-Consent is legally required, while assent is the client's agreement

What is a key challenge when implementing extinction? Ensuring immediate behavior reduction Consistency in withholding reinforcement Providing frequent punishment Allowing reinforcement on a variable schedule

-Consistency in withholding reinforcement

What defines negative reinforcement? A neutral consequence that does not affect behavior The removal of a reinforcer to decrease behavior Contingent removal of a stimulus that results in an increase in future occurrences of a response The addition of a stimulus to decrease behavior

-Contingent removal of a stimulus that results in an increase in future occurrences of a response

Which function was added in the AP Method beyond the traditional four? Increased motivation Control Enhanced cognitive skills Unrelated behavior shifts

-Control

Which assessment measures a learner's progress toward a specific goal? Criterion-referenced Norm-referenced Anecdotal Indirect

-Criterion-referenced

Which of the following is a function-based definition of behavior? Details only the physical appearance Focuses on individual emotions Emphasizes non-observable actions Describes changes in the environment

-Describes changes in the environment

What is the purpose of a functional behavior assessment? Determine the possbile function of a target behavior Assess motor skills Diagnose autism Measure academic performance

-Determine the possbile function of a target behavior

Which of the following is NOT a role of an RBT in skill-based assessments? Preparing materials Helping with implementation Diagnosing autism Assisting with data collectio

-Diagnosing autism

Which differential reinforcement procedure reinforces behavior that is incompatible with the problem behavior? Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates (DRL) Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO) Differential Reinforcement of High Rates (DRH) Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior (DRI)

-Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior (DRI)

What is a key component of ABC recording? Comparing a child's performance to peers Measuring IQ scores Documenting antecedents, behaviors, and consequences Ranking behaviors by severity

-Documenting antecedents, behaviors, and consequences

Which is a consideration when ranking possible reinforcers? How long the reinforcer has been available How expensive the reinforcer is Effectiveness for the individual Whether the reinforcer is easy to deliver

-Effectiveness for the individual

Why are operational definitions crucial in behavior analysis? Ensure consistent data collection Allow subjective interpretations Eliminate the need for measurements Avoid specificity in data

-Ensure consistent data collection

Which of the following is a potential negative side effect of punishment? Increased motivation Stronger reinforcement effects Improved generalization of skills Escape/avoidance behavior

-Escape/avoidance behavior

What is a key advantage of trial-by-trial data collection? Evaluates mastery of skills Requires minimal documentation Does not interfere with teaching Provides general trends only

-Evaluates mastery of skills

Which of the following is a common misperception about extinction? Extinction immediately eliminates behavior Extinction decreases all behaviors equally Extinction is the same as ignoring Extinction is an effective punishment procedure

-Extinction is the same as ignoring

Which of the following is an example of a continuous measurement procedure? Partial interval recording Frequency Momentary time sampling Whole interval recording

-Frequency

Which of the following is an example of an indirect functional assessment? ABC recording Scatterplot recording Latency-based functional analysis Functional Assessment Interview

-Functional Assessment Interview

What is a key characteristic of quality staff in ABA? Strictly follows protocols without flexibility Only works with one specific type of client Handles pressure and incorporates feedback Avoids receiving feedback

-Handles pressure and incorporates feedback

Why is assessment important in behavior analysis? Reduces the need for direct observation Helps inform intervention Eliminates the need for supervision Focuses solely on problem behaviors

-Helps inform intervention

What is the primary purpose of a preference assessment? Identify potential reinforcers Assess cognitive abilities Measure academic skills Track behavior trends

-Identify potential reinforcers

What is a purpose of a preference assessment? Measure IQ scores Assess social skills Identify stimuli that may act as reinforcers Diagnose behavioral disorders

-Identify stimuli that may act as reinforcers

Which of the following is an example of building rapport? Skipping introductions to start therapy quickly Identifying client preferences and reinforcers Using the same approach for all clients Focusing only on structured teaching procedures

-Identifying client preferences and reinforcers

Which of the following is a common pattern in data graphs? Increasing trend Data stagnation Random fluctuations A complete lack of data points

-Increasing trend

What should be done if data appears inaccurate? Ignore minor inconsistencies Make assumptions about corrections Adjust the data manually Inform the supervisor immediately

-Inform the supervisor immediately

Why is feedback important for quality staff? It should be ignored if it doesn't align with personal beliefs It helps improve performance and skill development It is only necessary for new staff members It should only come from direct supervisors

-It helps improve performance and skill development

What is one benefit of preparing the environment before a session? It improves session flow and learning opportunities It limits flexibility in interventions It reduces the need for client engagement It ensures the session follows a strict script

-It improves session flow and learning opportunities

Why is rapport-building important in ABA? It replaces the need for structured interventions It is not necessary for effective behavior change It increases engagement and cooperation It is only needed for new clients

-It increases engagement and cooperation

What is one potential issue with using age-inappropriate reinforcers? It decreases motivation for learning. It helps expand interests in all individuals. It may lead to social stigma or bullying. It increases reinforcement effectiveness.

-It may lead to social stigma or bullying.

How does the graduated reinforcement method differ from traditional differential reinforcement? It reinforces only completed tasks It eliminates reinforcement entirely It removes reinforcement for incomplete tasks It provides partial reinforcement for partially completed tasks

-It provides partial reinforcement for partially completed tasks

What is a self-fulfilling prophecy related to reinforcement in individuals with ASD? All reinforcers work equally for all individuals. Limited interests lead to reinforcement choices that further restrict interests. Pairing neutral stimuli is unnecessary. Bullying does not impact reinforcement choices.

-Limited interests lead to reinforcement choices that further restrict interests.

What is a disadvantage of paired-stimulus preference assessments? Fails to rank preferences Does not require systematic procedures Takes less time than MSWO May result in problem behavior

-May result in problem behavior

Which of the following is a strategy used in Progressive ABA for attending? Providing only physical prompts Minimizing artificial cues Limiting reinforcement to every third response Using fixed reinforcement schedules

-Minimizing artificial cues

Which type of discontinuous measurement records if a behavior occurs at the end of an interval? Partial interval recording Momentary time sampling Continuous measurement Permanent product recording

-Momentary time sampling

What is an advantage of direct functional assessments? Completely eliminates bias More objective than indirect assessments Does not require training Relies on self-reports

-More objective than indirect assessments

What is the first step in ensuring accurate data collection? Obtaining training on the measurement system Skipping interobserver reliability checks Avoiding treatment fidelity data Using estimations instead of measurements

-Obtaining training on the measurement system

What is one method for conditioning a neutral stimulus to function as a reinforcer? Pairing it with an established reinforcer. Introducing the stimulus randomly. Using punishment to decrease undesired behaviors. Providing the stimulus without contingency.

-Pairing it with an established reinforcer.

What distinguishes Progressive ABA from Traditional ABA? Traditional ABA eliminates reinforcement Traditional ABA does not use prompts Progressive ABA emphasizes responding to the learner and environment over responding to a protocol Progressive ABA uses only verbal prompts

-Progressive ABA emphasizes responding to the learner and environment over responding to a protocol

What was the primary measure used to assess the effectiveness of a flexible token economy in ASD intervention? Amount of food consumed. Time spent on independent play. Rate of commenting during snack time. Rate of physical activity.

-Rate of commenting during snack time.

What is Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO)? Reinforcement is provided when the problem behavior does not occur Reinforcement is given for any behavior Reinforcement is removed for all behaviors Reinforcement is contingent on problem behavior

-Reinforcement is provided when the problem behavior does not occur

Which skill is emphasized in clinical judgment within ABA? Responsiveness Rigid adherence to protocols Avoiding modifications to interventions Using the same approach for all clients

-Responsiveness

What is one of the key elements of readiness for service delivery? Reviewing procedures and prior session documentation Skipping preparation to allow flexibility Only reviewing session documentation if issues arise Waiting until the session begins to prepare materials

-Reviewing procedures and prior session documentation

What is generalization in behavior analysis? The process of completely changing a behavior A method to eliminate unwanted behaviors The repetition of behaviors under identical conditions The extent to which a learner emits untrained responses that are functionally equivalent to the trained target behavior

-The extent to which a learner emits untrained responses that are functionally equivalent to the trained target behavior

Why do individuals with ASD often require systematic intervention for conditioning reinforcers? They respond to all reinforcers equally. They have a natural ability to generalize reinforcement. They do not require reinforcement in learning. They may have restricted interests and limited natural reinforcement learning.

-They may have restricted interests and limited natural reinforcement learning.

What does latency-based functional analysis measure? Rate of responding Total frequency of behavior Observer bias Time from onset of an event to problem behavior

-Time from onset of an event to problem behavior

What is a disadvantage of using rate as a measurement? Not meaningful Cannot be used for high rates of behavior Time-consuming Inaccurate

-Time-consuming

Which of the following is a disadvantage of formal preference assessments? Unreliable Time-consuming Not correlated with reinforcement Cannot be used with children

-Time-consuming

What is the purpose of baseline data in behavior analytic intervention? To determine the effects of the independent variable To replace the need for an intervention To manipulate the dependent variable To eliminate variability in behavior

-To determine the effects of the independent variable

Why is it important to prepare the environment before service delivery? To reduce the need for behavior intervention plans To ensure the session starts without any flexibility To make sure the client follows all instructions strictly To improve session flow and increase learning opportunities

-To improve session flow and increase learning opportunities

Why is it important to describe behavior in observable terms? To rely on subjective experiences To use emotions in behavior descriptions To mitigate observer bias To make assumptions about behavior

-To mitigate observer bias

What is the primary purpose of antecedent interventions? To modify antecedents to prevent problem behaviors To punish problem behaviors To reinforce problem behaviors To ignore problem behaviors

-To modify antecedents to prevent problem behaviors

Why should a variety of target stimuli be used in discrimination training? To simplify the training process. To increase response errors. To make training faster regardless of effectiveness. To promote generalization of the learned response.

-To promote generalization of the learned response.

What is the goal of discrimination training? To eliminate responses altogether. To reinforce responses in the presence of one stimulus and not another. To reinforce all responses equally. To increase random responding.

-To reinforce responses in the presence of one stimulus and not another.

What is the purpose of observational pairing in reinforcement conditioning? To eliminate the need for reinforcement. To create reinforcement schedules without observation. To shift a child's preference towards other items by observing a model. To ensure all reinforcers are equally effective.

-To shift a child's preference towards other items by observing a model.

What is the purpose of a conjugate reinforcement schedule in a token system? Tokens are exchanged without conditions. Tokens are only used in group settings. Reinforcement is unrelated to tokens. Token movement depends on target behavior performance.

-Token movement depends on target behavior performance.

What is a key characteristic of a token economy? Tokens are earned contingent upon target behaviors and exchanged for a terminal reinforcer. Tokens are given randomly without contingency. The number of tokens does not affect reinforcement. All tokens have the same value.

-Tokens are earned contingent upon target behaviors and exchanged for a terminal reinforcer.

What was one factor contributing to mastery in discrimination training research? Relying solely on visual cues. Use of a structured but flexible approach. Avoiding generalization probes. Providing reinforcement inconsistently.

-Use of a structured but flexible approach.

What does partial interval recording measure? Number of responses per unit of time Only the first instance of a behavior Whether a behavior occurs at any time during the interval Exact duration of a behavior

-Whether a behavior occurs at any time during the interval

What is extinction in behavior analysis? Withholding reinforcement for a previously reinforced behavior Punishing a behavior until it stops Providing reinforcement continuously Ignoring behavior completely

-Withholding reinforcement for a previously reinforced behavior

What is the goal of Functional Communication Training (FCT)? To eliminate verbal behavior To increase problem behavior To teach more desired communication responses to replace problem behavior To punish problem behavior

To teach more desired communication responses to replace problem behavior-