Skeletal System

What type of exercise stimulates bone formation?

All types of exercise stimulate bone formation. Resistance training like weight lifting has a more significant effect

How does calcium enter the skeletal system and blood stream?

Calcium enters the body through diet

What are long bones and their primary structural functions?

Long bones are cylindrical bones that are longer than they are wide and supports the body's weight and help make movement possible.

What is collagen?

Soft framework for the bone and resist tensile or pulling forces. A protein that creates strong fibers found in the body's various connective tissues that helps hold things together such as your skin a bones.

W hen calcium levels are too high, which endocrine gland secretes a hormone to de crease calcium levels ? What is the hormone?

The thyroid gland release a hormone gland called calcitonin

What are the bones found in the vertebral column and their functions?

Vertebral column protects the spinal cord.

When calcium levels are too low, which endocrine gland secretes a hormone to increase calcium levels ? W hat is the hormone?

When calcium levels are too low, parathyroid glands secrete PTH

What are short bones and their primary structural functions?

bones with similar length, width, and height making them cube shaped. Provides stability in complex joints like those found in the ankles and wrists and helps with movement by shifting and sliding against one another

What foods are high in calcium?

milk, cheese, yogurt, almonds, some green vegetables (spinach, kale, broccoli), fortified food and drinks.

What is bone tissue?

hard, dense, connective tissue that forms most of the adult skeleton. 1/3 organic or living material and almost 2/3 inorganic or non-living.

what is bone mineralization?

introduces minerals, primarily calcium and phosphate, into the bone structure, helping maintain bone mass.

What two things are required for the skeletal system to maintain homeostasis?

minerals and bone remodeling

What are irregular bones and their primary structural function?

irregular bones are bones with unusual shapes, making them difficult to classify into long, short, or flat bones. Their primary structural function is to protect and anchor internal organs

What is the only common sesamoid bone to all individuals?

the patellas (kneecaps)

What does poor posture cause?

undue stress on the spine and the back.

What two actions occur to decrease calcium levels in the blood due to hormone secretion?

1. Skeletal- Stimulates bone formation, which removes calcium from the blood 2. Urinary- Increases calcium absorption by the kidneys, removing calcium from the blood

What three actions does PTH cause to increase calcium levels in the blood?

1. stimulates bone resorption, which releases calcium into blood 2. increases vitamin D, causing the digestive system to absorb more calcium 3. decreases calcium absorption by the kidneys, allowing more calcium to stay in the blood.

What are the 2 primary parts of bone tissue, including their quantity?

1/3 organic (collagen) 2/3 inorganic (calciumphosphris)

How much of a person's weight does bone compromise?

12-15% of the average person's weight

What is bone remodeling?

Bone remodeling is the process of bone formation and resorption.

How abundant is calcium in the body and where does it reside?

Bones store 99% of calcium and blood is 1%

What happens to most peoples bones at a certain age?

Bones typically reach peak mass and strength during this time. Overtime, excess resorption weakens the bones.

What can be the result of decreased mechanical stress on the body?

Causes you to lose bone mass and can cause problems as people age.

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

Protects organs, supports the body, helps with movement, stores minerals, produces blood cells in red bone marrow (hematopoiesis), and stores fat in yellow bone marrow as an energy source for the body.

what is cartilage?

Protects the ends of bones at joints structural component in many body parts

What are structural bones?

Sutural bones are very tiny, flat, irregularly shaped bones found between the flat bones of the skull The number of sutural bones found in an individual may vary

Why must calcium be consumed in the diet?

The body cannot make calcium on its own, must be cosumed.

Why is vitamin D important in relation to calcium?

The digestive system cannot absorb calcium w/o vitamin D

What is the key to proper body mechanics when preforming daily activities?

The key to proper body mechanics is good posture, the spine is in a "neutral" position where the torso doesn't lean for or arch backward.

How can someone increase their body's vitamin D?

The production of vitamin D starts with skin exposure to sunlight, through supplements in fortified foods.

What are the bones found in the thoracic cage and their functions?

The thoracic cage helps support the internal organ for example the rib cage supports the lungs

What is the pubic symphysis and its functions?

articular surfaces of the pubic bones, joins the coxal together to form a strong joint

what is ligaments?

connects bones to bones adds strength and support to joints

what are tendons?

connects bones to muscles

What are the 2 groups of bones found in the skull and their functions?

cranial surroun d and protect the brain and facial bones protect the eyes, nose, mouth, and ears

What is hematopoiesis and where does it take place in the bones?

deals with red blood cells.

What 4 body systems play a role in calcium homeostasis?

endocrine, skeletal, digestive, and urinary

What are flat bones and their primary structural functions?

flat bones are thin, broad shaped bones. They are thin but curved and protect internal organs like the heart, brain, and lungs also provides attachment points for muscles.

What is the axials skeleton and what is its general function?

forms the body's torso (central axis) and includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage. General function- protection for the body's internal organs

What is the appendicular skeleton and what is the general function?

forms the extremities (arms and legs) and includes the upper and lower extremities and girdle. Provides movement and support.

What are the functions of the pectoral and pelvic girdles?

pectoral- provides attachment points for the arms, stability for the shoulder during movement Pelvic- provides attachment points for the legs, supports the upper body, protects the internal organs.

what are the ways calcium helps the bones?

promotes bone mineralization promotes muscle and nerve function helps regulate the heart rate and contraction strength supports blood clotting.

What are sesamoid bones and their primary structural function?

sesamoid bones are specified bones located within tendons the primary structural function is to act as levers for the muscles, making it easier to move the joints

What are the functions of yellow bone marrow?

stores fat which acts as energy for the body.

What are the functions of red bone marrow?

where blood cells are made