Social Psych - Chapter 3

When we have acted badly, we are more likely to attribute our behavior to the ______.

situation

Within attribution theory, people explain others' behaviors by trying to find a cause for those behaviors. Which of the following are possible causes?

Motives Traits Attitudes

The tendency to be more confident than correct is identified as the _________ phenomenon.

Overconfidence

When one overestimates the accuracy of one's beliefs, one is displaying ______.

Overconfidence

Your manager insists that all proposals and recommendations include a reason why they might not work. By asking this, your manager is trying to reduce

Overconfidence

According to research presented the book, students who score the lowest on tests of grammar, humor, and logic are the most prone to ____________ their abilities

Overestimating

Activating particular associations in memory is ______.

Priming

Even when stimuli are presented unconsciously, their effects can become conscious due to

Priming

Kiley is attending college to be a nurse. As she learns of high blood pressure she starts to worry about the headache she has experienced. This can happen due to ______.

Priming

The tendency to presume that someone or something belongs to a particular group if it resembles a typical member is a description of ____________ heuristics.

Representativeness

Aaron's parents are going through a divorce, and his grades are going down. This is due to the physical and social circumstances in his life, a ______ attribution.

Situational

An effortless, automatic inference of a trait after exposure to someone's behavior is identified as _________ trait inference.

Spontaneous

A student fails a test and the teacher tries to guess what happened. According to attribution theory, which potential causes below are dispositional (and not situational)?

The student is not intelligent. The student did not care about the test and thus didn't study.

When a person's social expectations lead them to behave in ways that cause others to validate their expectations it is indicative of _______.

behavioral confirmation

We tend to see our worlds through _______ glasses.

belief-tinted

A tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconception is identified as confirmation

bias

The perception of a relationship where none exists or a perception of a stronger relationship than actually exists is the definition of an _______________ correlation.

illusory

When Jason is seen yelling at Joan, people think Jason is an angry person. This is not necessarily true, but it happens with a phenomenon called spontaneous trait ______.

inference

Our immediate knowledge of something without reasoning or analysis is identified as __________ judgment.

intuitive

Heuristics can be defined as __________ shortcuts

mental

When we assume that other people's actions are the same as their intentions and dispositions, we are inferring__________

traits

__________ is ascribing a behavior to the wrong source.

Misattribution

The theory of how people explain another's behavior by assuming it was caused by either internal or external reasons is identified as ______.

Attribution

David prepares his cereal and accidentally puts the cereal away in the refrigerator and the milk in the cupboard. David's action is an example of ______ thinking.

Automatic Impulsive

In recent months, national media spent a lot of time on stories about gays and lesbians. Yesterday, you conducted a poll asking people to estimate what percent of Americans are gay and lesbian. They results indicate that people estimated 23% are gay and lesbian but actually only about 4.1% identify as gay or lesbian. Why did people overestimate this percent?

Availability heuristic

Jonas was certain his computer program for grading classes was the best system to use. When others tried to offer feedback, Jonas did not really listen. Jonas is displaying ______ bias.

Confirmation

Which of the following methods can help remedy overconfidence?

Consider disconfirming information Get prompt feedback

Imagining an alternative scenario or outcome that might have happened but did not is known as ______ thinking.

Counterfactual

Joey placed second in the state wrestling meet. He spent some time thinking about what might have been if he had gotten one more take down. Joey is demonstrating ______ thinking.

Counterfactual

______ thinking is the term for perceptual misinterpretations, fantasies, and construed beliefs that change to fit our current beliefs or behaviors.

Illusory

___________ intuition appears in how we take in, store, and retrieve social information.

Illusory

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of controlled thinking?

Impulsive

Dan had a feeling he should buy Apple stock, and it proved to be an excellent choice. His decision was based on a "gut feeling" instead of logic or reasoning. This feeling is an example of ______ judgment.

Intuitive

Our system of heuristics allows us to use mental shortcuts to ______.

Invent explanations Make Judgments Form impressions

We respond not to reality but to reality as we ______ it.

construe

Sally met Samuel at a party and really enjoyed his company. When Sally learned Samuel lived in a poor neighborhood, she began to develop ______ impressions of him.

false

Jessica was told that "blonds have more fun" so she colored her hair blond and actually believed she was meeting more people and that her social life improved. Jessica is an example of ______ thinking.

illusory

On the first day of class you are the second person to enter the classroom. The other person does not acknowledge that you came in the door and you think, "how rude." The next few times you enter the classroom the other person says hello, smiles, and engages you in conversation and you find this person quite pleasant. Your initial impression was a(n) _____.

false impression

In the construction of memories, research shows that ______.

recall is often biased by current knowledge and beliefs.

John is a 23-year-old male who is an atheist and a drug user. You are asked to guess what kind of music he likes. You guess heavy metal music. Your guess is based on the _____ heuristic.

representativeness

Research has shown through behavioral confirmation that people who are more lonely behave less ______.

socially

trait inference is an effortless, automatic inference of a trait after exposure to someone's behavior

spontaneous