Social Studies Unit 6
What amendment abolished slavery in the United States?
13th Amendment
How did slavery give the Confederacy a military advantage?
Slave labor kept the South's economy going so that more white men could fight.
Who aided wounded soldiers during the Civil War and later founded the American Red Cross?
Soldiers did not carry official identification with them.
Which state was the first to secede from the Union?
South Carolina
Which candidate in the 1860 election campaigned in both the North and the South?
Stephen Douglas
Which Confederate general lost his life at Chancellorsville?
Stonewall Jackson
What opinion did southern leaders have about tariffs?
Tariffs helped the North by raising the price of manufactured goods.
Why did the Union Army have trouble crossing the Rappahannock River during the Battle of Fredericksburg?
The Confederates had destroyed all the bridges.
How did the industrial capacity of the North compare to that of the South at the start of the Civil War?
The North had five times the South's capacity.
What was the biggest challenge in implementing the Anaconda Plan?
The North had to blockade more than 3,000 miles of coastline.
Why did the Union prevail in the Civil War?
The Union had more wealth, industry, and manpower.
Why was Vicksburg a "strategic necessity" for the Union?
The city allowed the Confederacy to control a large part of the Mississippi River.
In the election of 1860, how did the Democratic Party address the conflict between their northern and southern factions?
The factions chose separate nominees for president.
Why did counties in northwest Virginia form a new state?
The people did not support slavery.
What was the effect of the 1857 Supreme Court decision in the case of Dred Scott v. Sanford?
The proslavery decision further divided Americans.
Why was the territory called "Bleeding Kansas"?
The territory had several violent incidents.
What was the main obstacle to Stephen A. Douglas's proposed Chicago-San Francisco railroad?
The territory was not organized into states.
How did the southern states respond at first to the election of Abraham Lincoln as president?
They began to secede from the Union.
What did Grant and Sherman accomplish when they sailed gunboats up the Tennessee River in 1862?
They captured Fort Henry and Fort Donelson.
Why did some southern plantation owners grow and keep cotton during the war?
They expected cotton prices to rise after the war ended.
Why was it difficult for sharecroppers to make a profit from their work?
They had to rent or buy suppllies on credit with high interest rates.
What did the Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871 do?
They made it a crime to interfere with a citizen's right to vote.
How did people in both the North and the South react when their governments instituted a draft, or forced military service?
They rioted.
Why did some plantation owners present the Ostend Manifesto to the U.S. government?
They wanted Cuba to be a new slave state.
Why were rifles used during the Civil War better than the muskets soldiers used in earlier wars?
They were more accurate.
What reason did the judge in the Dred Scott case give for ruling that "members of the negro African race" did not have the right to sue?
They were not actually U.S. citizens.
Under Radical Reconstruction, what happened to former Confederate states?
They were placed into five districts under military rule.
Which general waged total war against the Confederacy on his march through Georgia?
William T. Sherman
What is a poll tax?
a fee paid in order to register to vote
Who was Frederick Douglass?
a former slave who became a leading abolitionist in the mid-1800s
What was biggest economic blow to the South after the end of the war?
abolition of slavery and the resulting loss of labor
Who attacked a federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia?
abolitionist forces led by John Brown
Which factor made the Civil War more dangerous than previous American wars?
advances in weapon technology
When did Lincoln replace General McClellan?
after the Battle of Anietam
When were African Americans allowed to enlist in the Union Army?
after the Emancipation Proclamation was issued
What is popular sovereignty?
allowing residents to decide issues by voting
How did the judge in the Dred Scott case describe enslaved people?
as personal property of slaveholders
What did Lincoln order General McDowell to do that led to the Battle of Bull Run?
capture Richmond, Virginia
What did Confederate leaders urge private ship owners to do?
capture Union merchant ships in the Atlantic
What problem plagued the presidency of Ulysses S. Grant?
corruption of Cabinet members
Which of the following caused the most deaths among Civil War soldiers?
disease
How many more soldiers did the North have than the South when the Civil War started?
eight times as many
What "greater moral purpose" did President Lincoln define for the North?
ending slavery
In addition to creating two new states, what else did Kansas-Nebraska Act call for?
ending the long-standing ban on slavery in the North
Who were the Jones County Scouts?
enslaved people and deserters who resisted the Confederacy
What right did African Americans gain with the 14th Amendment?
equal rights under the law
What did enslaved people freed by the Emancipation Proclamation still have to do to gain their freedom?
escape to Union-controlled territory
To which group did most Civil War soldiers belong?
farmers under the age of 30
What could federal marshals do under the Fugitive Slave Act?
force ordinary citizens to help capture enslaved people
What actions did Harriet Tubman take during the Civil War in 1863?
helped liberate 727 enslaved people
What was the major cause of death among Civil War soldiers?
infectious diseases
Which event prompted John Brown's attack on the Pottawatomie Creek settlement?
the violent proslavery raid in Lawrence, Kansas
What was the purpose of both the Morrill Act and the Homestead Act?
to encourage settlement and development of the West
What was the main goal of the Free-Soil Party?
to keep slavery out of new territories and states
What was the purpose of the Civil War right after the attack on Fort Sumter?
to reunite the nation
What larger campaign did the capture of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson support?
to take control of the western part of the Confederacy
What form of financing involved citizens loaning money to the government, usually at interest?
treasury bonds
According to the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, who would decide if slavery would be permitted in a new state?
voters in the new state
How did President Lincoln first address the issues of slavery and secession?
He stated that secession was illegal and he would not interfere with slavery where it already existed.
How did General Jackson get the nickname "Stonewall"?
He stood firm against enemy fire at the first Battle of Bull Run.
Why was Johnson impeached?
He violated the Tenure of Office Act by replacing his Secretary of War.
Who was the first African American to serve in the U.S. Senate?
Hiram Rhodes Revels
Who did the Republicans nominate in the presidential election of 1856?
John C. Fremont
Why was President Andrew Johnson distrusted by some Republican congressmen?
Johnson was a former Democrat who had owned enslaved people.
Why did northern agriculture prosper during and after the Civil War?
Northern farmers began using more farm machinery and less human labor.
What right did African Americans gain with the passage of the 15th Amendment?
the right to vote
Which prison housed 45,000 Union prisoners?
Andersonville, Georgia
Where did General Robert E. Lee surrender to General Ulysses S. Grant?
Appomattox Court House, Virginia
What role did President Lincoln's brother-in-law play in the Civil War?
Confederate general
Which sentence best summarizes General Grant's final campaign?
Grant advanced relentlessly despite multiple defeats and heavy losses.
Which statement best describes Abraham Lincoln's background?
He had little formal schooling but was a successful lawyer.
Why was Lincoln initially reluctant to end slavery?
He needed support of Northern Democrats who opposed abolition.
McClellan tended to postpone troop movement and act too late.
McClellan was too indecisive to attack before Lee's forces united.
What was one provision of the Compromise of 1850?
It admitted California as a free state.
Which statement about resupplying the garrison at Fort Sumter is true?
It could be seen as an act of war.
Which of the following was an advantage of the North in the Civil War?
It had more factories.
How did the Battle of Gettysburg mark a turning point in the Civil War?
It put the Union in a favorable position for victory.
Which of the following was an advantage of the South in the Civil War?
It was fighting the war on familiar terrain
What did President Lincoln say about South Carolina after the state seized Fort Sumter?
It was in rebellion.
In the election of 1860, who was the presidential nominee of the Constitutional Union Party?
John Bell
What organization formed in 1866 used terror tactics in an attempt to maintain the social and political power of white people?
Ku Klux Klan
Which statement describes the situation of free African Americans in the South?
Laws restricted their rights to vote, own property, and travel freely.
Which statement about the election of 1860 is true?
Lincoln got 40 percent of the popular vote.
Which event made southern states decide to secede?
Lincoln's election as president
How did the Civil War affect the economies of the North and the South?
Manufacturing expanded in the North, and agriculture was destroyed in the South.
Why did some people call for Lincoln to fire General Grant after the Battle of Shiloh?
Many Union soldiers died in the battle.
Why did President Lincoln become frustrated with General George McClellan?
McClellan tended to postpone troop movement and act too late.
How did the Fugitive Slave Act discourage people from helping enslaved people?
People faced harsh penalties.
What was "Presidential Reconstruction"?
President Johnson's decision to oversee Reconstruction himself.
Which member of the U.S. House of Representatives, angered by an anti-slavery speech, physically attacked a U.S. Senator?
Preston Brooks
For what party was Abraham Lincoln a candidate in the 1860 presidential election?
Republican
What party was formed in 1854 by antislavery leaders to fight the expansion of slavery?
Republican
Why did people consider the drafts in the North and the South unfair?
Rich men could buy their way out of the drafts.
What general led the Confederate Army to victory in the Seven Days' Battles and became a hero in the South?
Robert E. Lee
Who declared that "members of the negro race" were not U.S. citizens?
Roger Taney
What was the result of the Compromise of 1877?
Rutherford B. Hayes became president, and Reconstruction ended.
What were black codes?
laws passed to limit the rights of African Americans in the South
How did families communicate with their loved ones at the front?
letters
What was the Pony Express?
mail service between the East and the West
Who did President Lincoln appoint to his Cabinet?
men who represented competing factions within his party
Where did the first skirmish between ironclad warships take place?
near Hampton Roads, Virginia
What new experience did Reconstruction bring to African Americans in the South?
poverty-level wages
What did the Freedmen's Bureau do?
provide food and clothing to freedmen
What is sharecropping?
raising crops for a landowner for part of the profit
What common practice in the early years of the Civil War might have prevented prison camp tragedies?
regular exchanges of prisoners of war
Which word means "separation of people by race"?
segregation
What issue created great conflict between the North and the South in the mid-1800s?
slavery in new territories and states
Who was declared free by the Emancipation Proclamation, issued in 1863?
slaves in the Confederate states
Which party's nominee campaigned only in the southern states in 1860?
southern Democratic Party
What Civil War battle resulted in at least 23,000 casualties and became known as "America's Bloodiest Day"?
the Battle of Antietam
What event started the Civil War in 1861?
the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter, a federal fort in Charleston, South Carolina
What was the outcome of the first Battle of Bull Run in 1861?
the Confederate won the battle, but both sides suffered heavy casualties
Which did the Dred Scott case deem unconstitutional?
the Missouri Compromise
In the election of 1860, which party's platform included a call to keep slavery out of the new territories and states?
the Republican Party
What contributed to the Panic of 1873?
the failure of railroads and banks
Who were the "team of rivals"?
the men Lincoln appointed to his Cabinet
Who was Jefferson Davis?
the president of the Confederacy