Sociology Exam 1

Which of the following basic laws governing society is credited to Harriet Martineau?

A society cannot achieve its full potential as a society while inequality exists.

______ involves seeing how personal troubles and public issues are related.

A sociological imagination

Which of the following is a risk for someone who moves to a new country and doesn't yet understand the laws and norms of their new home?

Anomie

Which theoretical paradigm explains harsher jail sentences for drug crimes than white-collar crimes as a product of upper-class control?

Conflict theory

How would Durkheim explain the function of deviance in society?

Deviance tells members of society what is "normal."

When a researcher gathers specific data in the field and then uses these data to reveal larger patterns that can be used to create more general theories, he or she is using ______.

Inductive reasoning

How would Karl Marx explain capitalism?

It is a system of exploitation and inequality

Which of the following is characteristic of the discipline of sociology?

It is driven by scientific research

Which of the following is true about scientific theory?

It is logically consistent and could be proven wrong.

Which of the following best describes quantitative research?

It is research that cannot easily be quantified.

Why wouldn't researchers be able to conduct the Stanford Prison Experiment today?

It puts too much stress on human subjects.

Which of the following describes the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?

Language influences how people process their social world.

______ was interested in examining bureaucracy as a way to study rules, regulations, and hierarchies.

Max Weber

According to Marx, which of the following occurs in a capitalist society?

Ownership of the means of production is in the hands of fewer people as time goes on.

Studies have found that obesity rates tend to rise alongside poverty rates. This is an example of which of the following?

Positive Correlation

A study found that as rates of outdoor ice skating increased, the rate of daily snowfall increased as well. The researcher concluded that ice skating caused snowfall. This is an example of ______.

Spurious relationship

Which theoretical paradigm in sociology would be most interested in how people communicate with each other and the meaning they constructed with language?

Symbolic Interactionism

Which of the following theorists proposed that Black Americans cannot remove racial stigma from their awareness as Americans?

W.E.B Du Bois

______ is an example of material culture.

a state flag

Norms are________

accepted social behaviors and beliefs

Structure can limit a person's ______ by constraining or enabling social action.

agency

Which of the following is an example of high culture?

an expensive classical painting

How would Durkheim likely see mass media?

as a way to keep society functioning

Which of the following is a characteristic of critical thinking?

backing up arguments with reliable evidence

An example of researcher ______ can be found in a study where the researcher asks questions that mislead participants as to the true nature of the study.

bias

Sociologists are positivists because they ______.

build knowledge from facts

Which of the following can best help avoid bias when conducting a survey about teacher performance?

choosing randomly from all students who have had the teacher

Which of the following is the best example of cultural capital?

education

How can researchers achieve value neutrality when conducting survey research?

first acknowledging their own biases and attempting to overcome them

The weakest type of norm is called a ______.

folkway

Which of the following would occur when another country opens up a McDonald's that serves food more in line with that culture rather than just hamburgers?

glocalization

According to the Pew Research Center, which of the following do Americans consider the most essential part of the American Dream?

having freedom of choice in how to live

Which of the following is a characteristic of rape culture in the United States?

identifying the victim's clothing as a contributing factor

Nonmaterial culture ______.

is made up of beliefs, norms, and values

Researchers conducted a study and found that as rates of unemployment increase in a community, marriage rates decrease in the community. In this case, unemployment and marriage rates are ______ correlated.

negatively

The U.S. national anthem is an example of ______.

nonmaterial culture

This chapter opens with a description of household eviction in America by sociologist Matthew Desmond. Desmond's research uses first-hand accounts of various people suffering from poverty and is a good example of ______ research.

qualitative

The principle of falsification argues that ______.

relies on empirical data

How do researchers achieve objectivity?

representing the object of study even when it contradicts their ideas

Which of the following is characteristic of multiculturalism?

respect and acceptance of different cultures

A group of families in a Midwestern rural community decide to cut themselves off from the rest of the community. They have formed their own little society and have minimal contact with others, but do follow the laws of the larger society. What would this be called?

subculture

Which of the following is an example of the two-way influence of subcultures in the United States?

tacos

What is correlation?

the degree to which to variables are associated with each other

Ideal culture is ______.

the values, norms, and behaviors people in a society claim they believe in