ST112 Final Prep

Which of the following is true of iodine and radioactive iodine? Select one: a. Both have the same atomic numbers. b. Both have the same atomic masses. c. Neither has electrons in its orbit. d. Both create radiation hazards.

a. Both have the same atomic numbers.

Which of the following is located within the spinal cavity? Select one: a. Cauda equina b. Cervical plexus c. Brachial plexus d. Vagus nerve

a. Cauda equina

Which of the following structures bring information toward the cell body? Select one: a. Dendrites b. Axons c. Nodes of Ranvier d. Axon terminals

a. Dendrites

Select the word that means the ability of the eyes to refract light without the assistance of correctives lenses. Select one: a. Emmetropia b. Presbyopia c. Accommodation d. Myopia

a. Emmetropia

Which area appears only on the posterior part of the body? Select one: a. Gluteal b. Patellar c. Umbilical d. Sternal

a. Gluteal

Which of the following vibrates in direct response to the tympanic membrane? Select one: a. Hammer b. Endolymph c. Organ of Corti d. Semicircular canals

a. Hammer

Which group is incorrect? Select one: a. Hormones of the anterior pituitary gland: ACTH, prolactin, TSH, oxytocin b. Steroids: cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone c. Secretions of the gonads: estrogen, progesterone, testosterone d. Hormones secreted by the thyroid gland: T3, T4, calcitonin

a. Hormones of the anterior pituitary gland: ACTH, prolactin, TSH, oxytocin

Which of the following is a correct statement? Select one: a. Most ATP is produced in the mitochondria. b. Mitochondria contain potent enzymes that digest cellular waste and debris. c. Most DNA is located within the mitochondria. d. The RER is concerned with phagocytosis.

a. Most ATP is produced in the mitochondria.

Which of the following is an effect of postganglionic parasympathetic discharge? Select one: a. Slowed heart rate b. Increased blood pressure c. Dilation of the pupil of the eye d. Stronger contraction of the heart

a. Slowed heart rate

Which of the following describes exfoliation and desquamation? Select one: a. The sloughing off by the stratum corneum of dead cells b. The elimination of heat as part of the thermoregulatory mechanism c. The conservation of heat as part of the thermoregulatory mechanism d. Tanning as a protective mechanism from ultraviolet radiation

a. The sloughing off by the stratum corneum of dead cells

Which group is incorrect? Select one: a. Types of serous membranes: pleura, peritoneum, mucosa b. Types of muscles: skeletal, cardiac, smooth c. Types of membranes: epithelial, connective tissue d. Types of epithelial membranes: cutaneous, mucous, serous

a. Types of serous membranes: pleura, peritoneum, mucosa

Osseous tissue is Select one: a. also called bone tissue. b. formed from chondrocytes. c. classified as squamous, cuboidal, and columnar. d. classified as skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.

a. also called bone tissue.

Dander and dandruff are Select one: a. composed of dead skin cells. b. clumps of infected sebum. c. called striae. d. worn out tactile receptors.

a. composed of dead skin cells.

The orbicularis oculi Select one: a. encircles the eye. b. is the kissing muscle. c. purses the lips. d. lifts the eyelid.

a. encircles the eye.

The ulnar, radial, and median nerves supply the Select one: a. forearm and hand. b. breathing muscles. c. jaw. d. hip and thigh.

a. forearm and hand.

An atom that has 3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 3 electrons Select one: a. has an atomic mass of 7. b. is a cation. c. has an atomic number of 4. d. has an atomic number of 10.

a. has an atomic mass of 7.

The humerus Select one: a. is located in the arm. b. is distal to the radius and ulna. c. articulates with the clavicle at the acromioclavicular joint. d. is a bone of the axial skeleton.

a. is located in the arm.

Glucagon Select one: a. is secreted in response to a decrease in blood glucose. b. regulates sodium and water balance. c. is a steroid. d. is a glucocorticoid.

a. is secreted in response to a decrease in blood glucose.

The adrenal cortex Select one: a. is the target gland of ACTH. b. secretes catecholamines. c. is an extension of the sympathetic nervous system. d. secretes ADH and oxytocin.

a. is the target gland of ACTH.

Acetylcholine is released from the neuron's membrane in response to the Select one: a. nerve impulse. b. binding of the myosin heads to actin. c. release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. d. inactivation of acetylcholinesterase.

a. nerve impulse.

Cyanosis Select one: a. refers to a bluish coloring of the skin caused by hypoxemia. b. refers to a yellow coloring of the skin caused by elevated blood levels of bilirubin. c. is caused by abnormal and spotty deposition of melanin. d. is a hardening of the skin due to keratin.

a. refers to a bluish coloring of the skin caused by hypoxemia.

T3, T4, and calcitonin are Select one: a. secreted by the thyroid gland. b. secreted by the parathyroid glands. c. secreted in response to declining plasma levels of calcium. d. steroids.

a. secreted by the thyroid gland.

The purpose of myoglobin is to Select one: a. store oxygen. b. sequester calcium. c. convert lactic acid to glucose. d. make the muscle red.

a. store oxygen.

Which of the following is the best example of referred pain? Select one: a. A person has an abscessed tooth and is complaining of severe pain in the same jaw. b. A person with a history of gallbladder disease eats a high-fat meal. She complains of midepigastric pain and pain beneath her right scapula. c. A person stubs his right great toe and is observed hopping along on his left leg. d. A football wide receiver pulls a hamstring and must be supported while walking off the field obviously favoring the affected leg.

b. A person with a history of gallbladder disease eats a high-fat meal. She complains of midepigastric pain and pain beneath her right scapula.

What is the energy-transferring molecule? Select one: a. H+ b. ATP c. Ca2+ d. NaCl

b. ATP

Which cavity is divided into quadrants? Select one: a. Thoracic b. Abdominopelvic c. Dorsal d. Cranial

b. Abdominopelvic

Penicillin exerts its antibiotic effect primarily through destruction of the cell wall of the pathogen. Which of the following are most apt to be affected by penicillin? Select one: a. Viruses b. Bacteria c. Worms d. Ectoparasites

b. Bacteria

At which joint do the humerus and ulna meet? Select one: a. Hip b. Elbow c. Knee d. Wrist

b. Elbow

To evaluate this cranial nerve, the person is asked to stick out the tongue and the nurse notes any deviation in the position of the protruded tongue. Select one: a. Trigeminal b. Hypoglossal c. Facial d. Olfactory

b. Hypoglossal

Which group is incorrect? Select one: a. Types of bones: long, short, flat, irregular b. Long bones: humerus, femur, tibia, parietal c. Bones of the skull: frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital d. Abnormal curvatures of the spine: scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis

b. Long bones: humerus, femur, tibia, parietal

Which of the following is least descriptive of thoracolumbar outflow? Select one: a. Fight or flight b. Muscarinic and nicotinic receptors c. Sympathetic nervous system d. Paravertebral ganglia

b. Muscarinic and nicotinic receptors

Which group is incorrect? Select one: a. Lobes of the cerebrum: frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal b. Parts of the brain stem: cerebrum, pons, medulla oblongata c. Divisions of the nervous system: central nervous system, peripheral nervous system d. Electrical events: depolarization, repolarization, action potential

b. Parts of the brain stem: cerebrum, pons, medulla oblongata

Which of the following is defined as a disease-producing microorganism? Select one: a. Normal flora b. Pathogen c. Arthropod d. Parasite

b. Pathogen

Which of the following structures connects the hypothalamus and the adenohypophysis? Select one: a. Islets of Langerhans b. Portal capillaries c. Corpus callosum d. Medulla oblongata

b. Portal capillaries

What is the name of the specialized area of a sensory neuron that detects a specific stimulus? Select one: a. Tract b. Receptor c. Dorsal root d. Node of Ranvier

b. Receptor

Sympathetic nervous system stimulation causes vasoconstriction of the blood vessels, thereby elevating blood pressure. Which of the following drug classifications lowers blood pressure? Select one: a. Vagolytic b. Sympatholytic c. Parasympathomimetic d. Vagomimetic

b. Sympatholytic

Which of the following occurs as a result of the secretion of fetal sebaceous glands? Select one: a. Amniotic fluid surrounds the fetus. b. The fetus is covered by vernix caseosa. c. The fetus raises its body temperature. d. Melanin is released and the fetus attains its natural skin color.

b. The fetus is covered by vernix caseosa.

Which structure is called the lateral, third, and fourth? Select one: a. Meninges b. Ventricles c. Cerebral lobes d. Parts of the brain stem

b. Ventricles

Biting flies, fleas, and ticks Select one: a. most often cause systemic infections. b. are best described as ectoparasites. c. are classified as helminths. d. cause mycotic infections.

b. are best described as ectoparasites.

Retrolental fibroplasia or the retinopathy of prematurity is Select one: a. synonymous with congenital cataracts. b. caused by continuous high doses of oxygen administered in an attempt to relieve hypoxemia. c. caused by corneal scarring sustained during the birth process. d. induced by an elevation of intracranial pressure and compression of the primary visual cortex.

b. caused by continuous high doses of oxygen administered in an attempt to relieve hypoxemia.

The selectively permeable membrane Select one: a. is a result of its composition; it is tough connective tissue, much like a ligament. b. determines which substances enter and leave the cell. c. allows for the unrestricted movement of water and electrolytes across the cell membrane. d. permits diffusion but not osmosis.

b. determines which substances enter and leave the cell.

Osteons are found primarily Select one: a. within the medullary cavity. b. in the diaphysis. c. on the outer surface of the articular cartilage. d. within the epiphyseal disc.

b. in the diaphysis.

The cutaneous membrane Select one: a. is a synovial membrane. b. is the skin. c. has a visceral and parietal layer. d. has three layers: squamous, cuboidal, and columnar.

b. is the skin.

T3 and T4 Select one: a. stimulate the adenohypophysis to secrete TSH. b. regulate the basal metabolic rate (BMR). c. stimulate osteoclastic activity, thereby elevating plasma calcium levels. d. All of the above are true.

b. regulate the basal metabolic rate (BMR).

Tinea capitis, Tinea barbae, and Tinea pedis are Select one: a. commonly called athlete's foot. b. ringworm. c. staphylococcus infections. d. manifestations of shingles.

b. ringworm.

Who or what is covered with vernix caseosa? Select one: a. A pregnant woman b. A toddler c. A fetus d. The pregnant uterus

c. A fetus

In which type of tissue is plasma the interstitial matrix? Select one: a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Adipose tissue c. Blood d. Cartilage

c. Blood

This muscle flattens the cheek and positions the food between the teeth. Select one: a. Masseter b. Temporalis c. Buccinator d. Zygomaticus

c. Buccinator

Which of the following is responsible for muscle relaxation? Select one: a. The sarcomere runs out of ATP. b. Calcium floods the area of the sarcomere, allowing for the interaction of actin and myosin. c. Calcium is pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. d. Acetylcholinesterase in the neuromuscular junction is depleted.

c. Calcium is pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Which of the following is least true of the vagus nerve? Select one: a. Cholinergic b. Slows heart rate c. Effect on the heart is eliminated by a beta1-adrenergic blocker d. Transmitter is ACh

c. Effect on the heart is eliminated by a beta1-adrenergic blocker

Which of the following is incorrect? Select one: a. Mixtures: suspension, colloidal suspension, solution b. Ions: Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, K+ c. Electrolytes: NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, HCO3- d. Cations: Na+, Ca2+, K+, H+

c. Electrolytes: NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, HCO3-

Which type of solution causes crenation or shrinkage of submerged red blood cells? Select one: a. Hypotonic b. Isotonic c. Hypertonic d. Water

c. Hypertonic

Which of the following is least descriptive of Treponema pallidum? Select one: a. Causes syphilis b. Classified as a bacterium c. Is most often spread by the fecal-oral route d. Is a spirochete

c. Is most often spread by the fecal-oral route

Which of the following best describes normal saline? Select one: a. Radioactive b. Hemolytic to red blood cells c. Isotonic d. Crenating to red blood cells

c. Isotonic

Which organ is located in the ventral cavity but not in the thoracic cavity? Select one: a. Lung b. Heart c. Liver d. Brain

c. Liver

Which of the following membranes secretes serous fluid? Select one: a. Membrane that lines the respiratory tract b. Membrane that lines the digestive tract c. Membrane that lines the inner wall of the pleural cavity d. Membrane that lines the urinary tract

c. Membrane that lines the inner wall of the pleural cavity

Which word best describes the precentral gyrus? Select one: a. Olfactory b. Visual c. Motor d. Language

c. Motor

Which of the following is least descriptive of a vector? Select one: a. Is a carrier of pathogens from one host to another b. Can be an insect such as the mosquito carrying the plasmodium to humans c. Must be living d. Can be a contaminated syringe (fomite)

c. Must be living

What term describes the hopping of the action potential (nerve impulse) along the axon from one node (of Ranvier) to the next? Select one: a. Myelination b. Depolarization c. Saltatory conduction d. Repolarization

c. Saltatory conduction

Damage to which nerve prevents extension of the hip and flexion of the knee? Select one: a. Axillary b. Phrenic c. Sciatic d. Median cubital

c. Sciatic

Which of the following refers to a process that destroys all living organisms? Select one: a. Nosocomial b. Commensal c. Sterilization d. Colonization

c. Sterilization

Which of the following is superior to the umbilicus? Select one: a. Groin b. Popliteal area c. Sternal area d. Pelvic cavity

c. Sternal area

Which of the following is not a facial muscle? Select one: a. Orbicularis oculi b. Zygomaticus c. Sternocleidomastoid d. Frontalis

c. Sternocleidomastoid

What is the effect of an intravenous infusion of pure water? Select one: a. It is the same response as to the infusion of isotonic saline. b. It is the same response as to the infusion of Ringer's solution. c. The RBCs burst. d. The RBCs shrink (crenation).

c. The RBCs burst.

Which of the following bones is not located in the lower limbs? Select one: a. Femur b. Tibia c. Ulna d. Tarsal

c. Ulna

ACTH stimulates the Select one: a. hypothalamus to secrete corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). b. adenohypophysis to secrete cortisol. c. adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol. d. adrenal medulla to secrete glucagon.

c. adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol.

Estrogen, progesterone, and growth hormone Select one: a. fuse the epiphyseal disc at age 6 years. b. stimulate the articular cartilage of one bone to fuse with the articular cartilage of an opposing bone. c. affect the activity of the epiphyseal disc. d. stimulate osteoclastic activity, thereby increasing blood calcium.

c. affect the activity of the epiphyseal disc.

The corpus callosum Select one: a. is composed of gray matter. b. is one of the meningeal layers. c. connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres. d. is the stalk that connects the hypothalamus with the pituitary gland.

c. connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres.

Oxygen moves from the lungs (high concentration) into the blood (low concentration) in response to Select one: a. filtration. b. osmosis. c. diffusion. d. endocytosis.

c. diffusion.

The purpose of the Na+/K+-ATPase pump in the neuronal membrane is to Select one: a. depolarize the membrane. b. repolarize the membrane. c. establish the Na+ and K+ gradients necessary for the development of an action potential. d. secrete myelin.

c. establish the Na+ and K+ gradients necessary for the development of an action potential.

A pox infection Select one: a. is always caused by herpes varicella-zoster. b. occurs only in humans. c. is a skin lesion. d. is communicable but never contagious.

c. is a skin lesion.

The adrenal medulla Select one: a. is controlled primarily by ACTH. b. secretes steroids. c. is associated with the fight-or-flight response.

c. is associated with the fight-or-flight response.

The normal body temperature Select one: a. is 96.8°. b. is highest at 7 AM and gradually decreases over the 24 hours. c. is maintained through thermoregulatory mechanisms. d. is 40°C.

c. is maintained through thermoregulatory mechanisms.

An atom has 2 protons, 2 neutrons, and 2 electrons; it has an atomic Select one: a. number of 6. b. mass of 2. c. mass of 4. d. number of 4.

c. mass of 4.

Rickettsiae are Select one: a. classified as fungi. b. viruses. c. often carried by fleas, ticks, and body lice. d. arthropod vectors.

c. often carried by fleas, ticks, and body lice.

Muscarinic receptors are associated with Select one: a. paravertebral ganglia. b. preganglionic parasympathetic fibers. c. postganglionic parasympathetic fibers. d. all fibers that secrete ACh.

c. postganglionic parasympathetic fibers.

Squamous Select one: a. means striated or striped. b. means joint lining. c. refers to the flattened appearance of fish scales. d. refers to electrical conduction.

c. refers to the flattened appearance of fish scales.

A surgical patient is given a curare-like drug intravenously, thereby blocking his NM receptors. You would expect this patient to Select one: a. become jaundiced. b. bleed excessively during the postoperative period. c. require assistance breathing. d. have restraints on all four extremities to limit movement.

c. require assistance breathing.

On the first postoperative day, the patient is most likely to experience pain when he Select one: a. brushes his teeth. b. eats breakfast. c. walks. d. speaks on the phone.

c. walks.

A helminth is a(n) Select one: a. parasite. b. arthropod. c. worm. d. bacterium.

c. worm.

An atom of oxygen has an atomic number of 8. Therefore Select one: a. it can share electrons with another identical atom. b. it can share electrons with another oxygen atom. c. it can form O2. d. All of the above are true.

d. All of the above are true.

Which of the following is both a vector and an arthropod? Select one: a. Contaminated drinking glass b. Virus c. Worm d. Flea

d. Flea

Which organ is located within the mediastinum? Select one: a. Lungs b. Stomach c. Liver d. Heart

d. Heart

The secretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland suppresses further secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary gland. What is this interaction called? Select one: a. Cerebral lateralization b. Circadian rhythm c. Cellular differentiation d. Negative feedback control

d. Negative feedback control

With regard to skeletal muscle contraction, which event comes first? Select one: a. Cross-bridge formation between actin and myosin b. Release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum c. Activation of the NM receptor within the neuromuscular junction d. Release of neurotransmitter (ACh) from the somatic motor neuron

d. Release of neurotransmitter (ACh) from the somatic motor neuron

The macula lutea, fovea centralis, and photoreceptors are most associated with this structure. Select one: a. Choroid b. Optic chiasm c. Lens d. Retina

d. Retina

Which group is incorrect? Select one: a. Adrenergic receptors: alpha, beta b. Cholinergic receptors: muscarinic, nicotinic c. Neurotransmitters: norepinephrine, ACh, dopamine d. Sympathetic responses: decreased blood pressure, decreased heart rate, anxiety

d. Sympathetic responses: decreased blood pressure, decreased heart rate, anxiety

Which of the following describes the response of a red blood cell (RBC) to immersion in an isotonic solution? Select one: a. The RBC swells and bursts. b. The RBC undergoes hemolysis. c. The RBC undergoes crenation; it shrinks. d. There is no net movement of water between the RBC and solution.

d. There is no net movement of water between the RBC and solution.

Which of the following is least related to CN VIII? Select one: a. Vestibular branch b. Primary auditory cortex c. Cochlear branch d. Wernicke's area

d. Wernicke's area

Paravertebral ganglia Select one: a. are part of the craniosacral outflow. b. "drive" the vagus nerve. c. are located within the organs of innervation. d. are also called the sympathetic chain ganglia.

d. are also called the sympathetic chain ganglia.

Endocrine is least often described as Select one: a. hormone secreting. b. ductless. c. glandular epithelium. d. contractile.

d. contractile.

The external auditory canal Select one: a. connects the pharynx (throat) and the middle ear. b. connects the cochlea and the vestibule. c. connects all three semicircular canals. d. ends at the tympanic membrane.

d. ends at the tympanic membrane.

The sebaceous, apocrine, and eccrine glands are _____ glands. Select one: a. sweat b. endocrine c. sebum-secreting d. exocrine

d. exocrine

The biceps brachii, brachioradialis, and brachialis muscles Select one: a. have their origin on the scapula. b. act synergistically with the triceps brachii. c. extend the forearm. d. flex the forearm at the elbow.

d. flex the forearm at the elbow.

The ilium, ischium, and pubis Select one: a. are part of the appendicular skeleton. b. are processes located on the femur. c. are muscles that attach to the femur. d. form the coxal bone.

d. form the coxal bone.

The person with _____ is most likely to receive insulin therapy. Select one: a. myxedema b. Graves' disease c. diabetes insipidus d. hyperglycemia

d. hyperglycemia

The lambdoidal suture in the skull is a(n) _____ joint. Select one: a. synovial b. hinge c. freely movable d. immovable

d. immovable

A solution with a pH of 8 Select one: a. is more acidic than blood. b. is more acidic than stomach contents. c. has more H+ than urine. d. is more alkaline than blood.

d. is more alkaline than blood.

The _____ nerve (tract) carries sensory information toward the brain. Select one: a. phrenic b. pyramidal c. corticospinal d. spinothalamic

d. spinothalamic

The thoracic cavity is ___________ to the abdominopelvic cavity. Select one: a. deep b. distal c. anterior d. superior

d. superior