Test Qs - Chap 14 and 15
2)The right and left cerebral hemispheres are separated from each other by a)many sulci. b)brain stem. c) the longitudinal fissure. d) the corpus callosum. e) many gyri.
c) the longitudinal fissure.
167)Changes in the central nervous system that accompany aging include a)An increased blood flow to the brain. b)An increase in the number of neurons. c)A reduction in brain size and weight. d)all of the above. e)B and C.
c)A reduction in brain size and weight.
128)________ is a printed record of the brain's electrical activity over a certain period of time. a)MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). b)EEG (electroencephalogram). c)X ray. d)EKG (electrocardiogram). e)CAT scan.
b)EEG (electroencephalogram).
14)The cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory centers are found in a)Medulla oblongata. b)Spinal cord. c) Pons. e) Diencephalon. e) Midbrain.
a)Medulla oblongata.
161)The center of the reticular activating system is located in the a)Mesencephalon. b)Pons. c)Diencephalon. d)Cerebrum. e)Medulla.
a)Mesencephalon.
160)The conscious state depends upon the proper functioning of the a)Nucleus gracilis. b)Prefrontal lobes. c)Reticular activating system. d)General interpretive area. e)Limbic system.
c)Reticular activating system.
147)Compression of a cranial nerve by a tumor causes a loss of tongue movement. Which cranial nerve is affected? a)Glossopharyngeal. b)spinal accessory. c)Vagus. d)Hypoglossal. e)Trigeminal.
d)Hypoglossal.
75)Stimulation of the reticular formation results in a)Decreased cerebral function. b)Coma. c)Sleep. d)Increased consciousness. e)none of the above
d)Increased consciousness.
96)The region of the cerebral cortex that is medial and deep to the temporal lobe is the a)Temporal lobe. b)Occipital lobe. c)Frontal lobe. d)Insula. e)Parietal lobe.
d)Insula.
48)Visual and auditory reflexes are processed by the a)Medulla oblongata. b)Cerebellum. c)Pons. d)Mesencephalon. e)Diencephalon.
d)Mesencephalon.
99)The visual cortex is located in the a)Frontal lobe. b)Temporal lobe. c)Insula. d)Occipital lobe. e)Parietal lobe.
d)Occipital lobe.
49)The middle cerebellar peduncle connects the cerebellum to the a)Mesencephalon. b)Thalamus. c)Diencephalon. d)Pons. e)Medulla oblongata.
d)Pons.
65)Excess cerebrospinal fluid is drained into the _______. a)cranial vein. b)dural sinus. c)Jugular veins. d)Superior sagittal sinus. e)Falx cerebri.
d)Superior sagittal sinus.
44)During embryonic development, which of the following brain vesicles will form the cerebrum? a)Mesencephalon. b)Diencephalon. c)Metencephalon. d)Telencephalon. e)Myelencephalon.
d)Telencephalon.
46)The walls of the diencephalon form the a)Brain stem. b)Myelencephalon c)Mesencephalon. d)Thalamus.
d)Thalamus.
166)The brain waves that are characteristic of newborn infants are ________ waves. a)Alpha. b)beta . c)theta . d)delta . e)gamma.
d)delta .
91)The two cerebral hemispheres are separated by the a)Parieto-occipital sulcus. b)Central sulcus. c)Longitudinal fissure. d)Lateral sulcus. e)Postcentral sulcus.
c)Longitudinal fissure.
47)The cerebellum and pons are derived from the a)Telencephalon. b)Myelencephalon. c)Mesencephalon. d)Metencephalon. e)Diencephalon.
d)Metencephalon.
123)Damage to the substantia nigra causes a decrease in the neurotransmitter dopamine. This causes a gradual, generalized increase in muscle tone, which is the main symptom of a)Parkinson's disease. b)Graves' disease. c)Cancer. d)Paraplegia. e)Myasthenia gravis.
a)Parkinson's disease.
146)A tumor that blocks the interventricular foramen in the left cerebral hemisphere would a)Result in hydrocephalus. b)Decrease the production of cerebrospinal fluid. c)Result in a cerebrospinal fluid shunt to the right side. d)Increase the production of cerebrospinal fluid. e)Decrease the flow of cerebrospinal fluid into the spinal canal.
a)Result in hydrocephalus. (excess CSF increases pressure in the brain)
68)Overseeing the postural muscles of the body and making rapid adjustments to maintain balance and equilibrium are functions of the a)Mesencephalon. b)Cerebellum. c)Medulla. d)Cerebrum. e)Pons.
b)Cerebellum.
173)Research has shown that there is a strong correlation between brain size and intelligence. a)True. b)False.
b)False.
107)Each of the following are part of the cerebral nuclei, except the a)Caudate nucleus. b)Hippocampus. c)Putamen. d)Globus pallidus. e)Lentiform nucleus.
b)Hippocampus.
156)Which of the following is essential for memory consolidation? a)Insula. b)Hippocampus. c)prefrontal lobe. d)cerebral nuclei. e)basal ganglia.
b)Hippocampus.
64)Cerebrospinal fluid enters the subarachnoid space by way of the a)Dural sinus. b)Lateral and median apertures. c)Aqueduct of Sylvius. d)Falx cerebri. e)Interventricular foramina.
b)Lateral and median apertures.
159)Conversion of a short-term memory to a long-term memory is called a)Memory programming. b)Memory consolidation. c)Engramming. d)Memory conversion. e)Amnesia.
b)Memory consolidation.
5)The Pons and cerebellum relate with this secondary embryonic vesicle a)Telencephalon. b)Metencephalon. c) Diencephalon. d) Myelencephalon. e) Mesencephalon.
b)Metencephalon.
97)The primary motor cortex is located in the region of the a)Postcentral gyrus. b)Precentral gyrus. c)Corpus callosum. d)Insula. e)Arcuate gyrus.
b)Precentral gyrus.
130)Damage to the corpora quadrigemina would interfere with the a)Control of autonomic function. b)Processing of visual and auditory sensations. c)Regulation of body temperature. d)Conscious control of skeletal muscles. e)Control of breathing.
b)Processing of visual and auditory sensations.
127)A (n) ________ is an abnormal, temporary disorder of cerebral function, accompanied by abnormal movements, unusual sensations, and/or inappropriate behavior. a)Parkinson's disease. b)Seizure. c)Dyslexia. d)Narcolepsy. e)Apraxia.
b)Seizure.
125)You suspect your friend has damage to cranial nerve I when he is unable to a)Open his jaw. b)Smell. c)Nod his head. d)Blink his eye. e)all of the above.
b)Smell.
40)After a stroke a patient complains about lack of sensitivity in the right hand. The stroke most likely affected the a)precentral gyrus in the right frontal lobe. b)postcentral gyrus in the left parietal lobe. c)precentral gyrus in the left frontal lobe. d)postcentral gyrus in the right temporal lobe. e)postcentral gyrus in the left frontal lobe.
b)postcentral gyrus in the left parietal lobe.
98)The surface of the postcentral gyrus contains the ________ cortex. a)Olfactory. b)primary sensory. c)Visual. d)Auditory. e)primary motor.
b)primary sensory.
176)The brain area that plays a role in consciousness and the awake/sleep cycles is the: a)Thalamus. b)reticular formation. c)pineal body. d)limbic system. e)cerebellum.
b)reticular formation
21)There are no cranial nerves associated with a)the thalamus. b)the cerebellum. c) the medulla oblongata. d) the pons. e) the midbrain.
b)the cerebellum.
29)The occipital lobe is a)chiefly concerned with mood, memory, and emotions. b)the principal visual center of the brain. c)the primary site for receiving and interpreting signals from the general senses. d)concerned with voluntary motor functions. e)likely to play a role in understanding spoken language.
b)the principal visual center of the brain.
187)All of the following are functions of cerebral spinal fluid, except that it a)acts as a cushion for the brain. b)transports red blood cells. c)circulates continuously. d)surrounds the brain and spinal cord. e)transports nutrients.
b)transports red blood cells.
41)The _______ is not a motor cranial nerve. a)trochlear nerve. b)vestibulocochlear nerve. c) abducens nerve. d) accessory nerve (XI). e) hypoglossal nerve.
b)vestibulocochlear nerve.
3)The cerebellum is _______ to the cerebrum a)Deep. b)Superficial. c) Caudal. d) Lateral. e) Rostral.
c) Caudal.
15)The ______ function(s) in visual attention, such as to look and follow the flight of a butterfly a)Inferior colliculi. b)Red nucleus. c) Superior colliculi. d) Cerebral peduncle. e) Tegmentum.
c) Superior colliculi.
4)The gray matter of the cerebrum forms a surface layer called _____ and deeper masses called _________ surrounded by white matter. a)nuclei; tracts. b)medulla; midbrain. c) cortex; nuclei. d) medulla; nerves. e) cortex; medulla.
c) cortex; nuclei.
26)A lesion of the ________ would probably cause a person to sleep for random lengths of time during a 24-hour period. a)satiety center. b)pituitary gland . c) mammillary nuclei . d) medial geniculate nucleus . e) suprachiasmatic nucleus .
e) suprachiasmatic nucleus .
145)Impulses from proprioceptors in the limbs must pass through the ________ on their way to the ________. a)nucleus gracilis; cerebrum. b)olivary nucleus; cerebrum. c)olivary nucleus; cerebellum. d)nucleus cuneatus; cerebellum. e)nucleus cuneatus; cerebrum.
c)(inferior)olivary nucleus; cerebellum.
183)The nerve that contains motor fibers that activate chewing is: a)cranial nerve III. b)cranial nerve IV. c)cranial nerve V. d)cranial nerve VI. e)cranial nerve VII.
c)cranial nerve V.(trigeminal)
43)This nerve innervates most of the viscera in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. a)the hypoglossal nerve. b)the abducens nerve. c) the accessory nerve. d) the Vagus nerve. e) the trochlear nerve.
d) the Vagus nerve.
13)The medulla oblongata originates from a)Telencephalon. b)Metencephalon. c) Diencephalon. d) Myelencephalon. e) Mesencephalon.
d) Myelencephalon.
19)Loss of equilibrium and motor coordination would most likely be related to a lesion in the a)limbic system. b)medulla oblongata. c) pons. d) cerebellum. e) pituitary gland.
d) cerebellum.
34)Short-term memory is associated with the _________, whereas long-term memory is associated with the _______. a)cerebral cortex; hippocampus . b)cerebral cortex; amygdala . c)hippocampus; midbrain . d) hippocampus; cerebral cortex . e) amygdala; hippocampus .
d) hippocampus; cerebral cortex .
1)The following are all major components of the brainstem except a)the midbrain. c) the medulla oblongata. b)the Pons. d) the cerebellum.
d) the cerebellum.
132)There are ________ pairs of cranial nerves. a)2 b)6 c)10 d)12 e)31
d)12
102)The region of the brain that is involved in conscious thought and intellectual function as well as processing somatic sensory and motor information is the a)Medulla. b)Pons. c)Mesencephalon. d)Cerebrum. e)Diencephalon.
d)Cerebrum.
85)The Tectum of the mesencephalon contains the a)Tegmenta nuclei. b)Substantia nigra. c)Red nuclei. d)Corpora quadrigemina. e)Cerebral peduncles.
d)Corpora quadrigemina.
162)A state of consciousness characterized by difficulties with spatial orientation, memory, language, and changes in personality is called a)Somnolence. b)Confusion. c)A chronic vegetative state. d)Dementia. e)Delirium.
d)Dementia.
192)A state of consciousness characterized by difficulties with spatial orientation, memory, language, and changes in personality is called a)Somnolence. b)Delirium. c)A chronic vegetative state. d)Dementia. e)Confusion.
d)Dementia.
89)The ________ appear(s) to be important in learning and the storage of long-term memories. a)Fornix. b)Cingulate gyrus. c)Amygdaloid body. d)Hippocampus. e)mamillary bodies.
d)Hippocampus.
175)if the area of the cerebral hemisphere corresponding to Broca's area is damaged, what is the result: a)memory is lost. b)motor control of the right leg is impaired. c)eyesight is lost. d)motor control of the speech muscles is lost. e)hearing is impaired.
d)motor control of the speech muscles is lost.
154)Terry suffers from amnesia as the result of an automobile accident. What area of the brain is probably affected? a)the putamen. b)the thalamus. c)the prefrontal lobe. d)the Hippocampus. e)the general interpretive area.
d)the Hippocampus.
37)Nonfluent aphasia, due to a lesion in the ________, results in slow speech, difficulty in choosing words, or use of words that only approximate the correct word. a)primary motor area. b)Wernicke area. c) cerebral lateralization. d) primary auditory area. e) Broca area
e) Broca area
10)The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is most permeable to a)All Blood cells. b)Creatinine. c)Antibiotics. d) Sodium and potassium ions. e) Glucose and oxygen.
e) Glucose and oxygen.
12)A patient is experiencing a high fever, stiff neck, drowsiness, and intense headaches. A spinal tap showed bacteria and white blood cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This individual most likely has a)Parkinson disease. b)Hydrocephalus. c) Alzheimer disease. d) Stroke. e) Meningitis.
e) Meningitis.
16)Degeneration of neurons in this structure, which inhibits unwanted body movements, leads to the muscle tremors of Parkinson disease. a)Cerebral crus. b)Pons. c) Red nucleus. d) Inferior colliculi. e) Substantia nigra.
e) Substantia nigra.
35)Destruction of the amygdala would mostly affect a)memory. b)recognition and identification of objects. c)cognition. d) awareness of objects. e) expression of emotional feelings.
e) expression of emotional feelings.
31)The hippocampus and amygdala are structures found in a)the medulla oblongata. b)the midbrain. c) the basal nuclei. d) the cerebral cortex. e) the limbic system.
e) the limbic system.
42)This is the largest of the cranial nerves and the most important sensory nerve of the face. a)the accessory nerve. b)the hypoglossal nerve. c) the facial nerve. d) the abducens nerve. e) the trigeminal nerve.
e) the trigeminal nerve.
101)Regions of the brain that are involved in interpreting data or coordinating motor responses are called ________ areas. a)Commissural. b)Somesthetic. c)Processing. d)Sensory. e)Association.
e)Association.
144)Histological examination of some brain tissue reveals the presence of several large, highly branched Purkinje cells. This sample of tissue must have come from the a)Arbor vitae. b)Medulla. c)Pons. d)Cerebral cortex. e)Cerebellar cortex.
e)Cerebellar cortex.
140)Damage to the extrapyramidal system would lead to a)Inability to sense pain. b)Inability to swallow. c)Loss of sight. d)Loss of hearing. e)Difficulty in maintaining balance.
e)Difficulty in maintaining balance.
93)The area anterior to the central sulcus is the a)Parietal lobe. b)Temporal lobe. c)Occipital lobe. d)Insula. e)Frontal lobe.
e)Frontal lobe.
168)Alzheimer's disease may be characterized by all of the following, except that it a)Is the most common cause of senile dementia. b)Is characterized by a progressive loss of memory. c)May be related to a decreased amount of acetylcholine production by the nucleus basalis. d)Is associated with the formation of plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in regions of the brain that are involved with memory. e)Is characterized by a general shrinkage of the cerebrum.
e)Is characterized by a general shrinkage of the cerebrum.
66)Which of the following is not true about the blood-brain barrier? a)It is generally permeable to lipid-soluble compounds. b)The capillary endothelial cells are interconnected by tight junctions. c)Astrocytes surround the CNS capillaries. d)It is absent in portions of the hypothalamus. e)It selectively secretes glycine into the interstitial fluid of the brain.
e)It selectively secretes glycine into the interstitial fluid of the brain.
114)Male brains are typically ________ compared to female brains. a)Smaller. b)very small. c)less convoluted. d)the same size. e)Larger.
e)Larger.
94)The inferior border of the frontal lobe is marked by the a)Central sulcus. b)Parieto-occipital sulcus. c)Insula. d)Longitudinal fissure. e)Lateral sulcus.
e)Lateral sulcus.
92)Divisions of the cerebral hemispheres that are named after the overlying skull bones are a)sulci. b)sinus. c)fissures. d)Gyri. e)Lobes.
e)Lobes.
191)The center of the reticular activating system appears to be located in the a)Cerebrum. b)Pons. c)Diencephalon. d)Medulla. e)Midbrain.
e)Midbrain.
103)Abstract intellectual functions such as predicting the consequences of a particular response occur in the a)Premotor cortex. b)Corpus callosum. c)Postcentral gyrus. d)Precentral gyrus. e)Prefrontal cortex.
e)Prefrontal cortex.
143)Damage to the superior colliculi of the mesencephalon would interfere with the ability to a)Voluntarily move the arm. b)Maintain proper posture. c)React to loud noises. d)Express rage. e)React to the movement of a car with the eyes.
e)React to the movement of a car with the eyes.
21. ___ is the background rate of sympatheitc and parasympathetic activity A. "fight or flight" activity B. visceral motor activity C. autonomic reflex arc activity D. visceral tone E. autonomic tone
E. autonomic tone
42. The parasympathetic division arises from the ___ region of the spinal cord A. brain, thoracic, and lumbar B. brain, sacral, and coccygeal C. brain, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal D. sacral and lumbar E. brain and sacral
E. brain and sacral
32. The sympathetic chain of ganglia (paravertebral ganglia) is found at the ___ levels of the spinal cord A. cervical and thoracic B. thoracic and lumbar C. thoracic, lumbar and sacral D. sacral, lumbar and cocygeal E. cercial, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal
E. cercial, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal
29. Somatic reflexes act faster than visceral reflexes. These are all reasons for this except A. effector pathway in the somatic reflex arc is myelinated B. effector pathway in the visceral refelx arc involves more neurons C. effector pathway in teh visceral reflex arc involves more chemical synapses D. some of the neurons int eh effector pathway int eh visceral refelx arc are unmyelinated E. effector organs in the somatic reflex are closer to the spinal cord
E. effector organs in the somatic reflex are closer to the spinal cord
39. The adrenal medulla secretes mostly A. norepinephrine B. dopamine C. endorphins D. acetylcholine E. epinephrine
E. epinephrine (adrenaline)
53. Antagonistic effects of the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are exemplified in the control of A. blood clotting B. blood flow to the skeletal muscles C. sweating d. hair erection E. gastrointestinal motility
E. gastrointestinal motility
17. Autonomic nervous system fibers are involved in all of the following except A. changing the diameter of the pupil b. adjusting heart rate and force C. altering salivary mucus secretion d. regulating gastrointestinal motility E. maintaining tonicity of the muscles of the neck
E. maintaining tonicity of the muscles of the neck
64. ___ nerve(s) pass(es) throughout sympathetic ganglia without synapsing A. facial B. trigeminal C. vagus D. Celiac E. splanchnic
E. splanchnic
13. Acetylcholine always has an excitatory effect
False
3. The autonomic nervous system is composed of ganglia in the central nervous system and ganglia in the periphery
False
4. Most autonomic efferent pathways involve one neuron
False
6. Most preganglionic fibers synapse with postganglionic fibers in the dorsal root ganglia
False
7. All preganglionic fibers pass through the sympathetic chain of ganglia synapsing at least once there
False
15. All autonomic output originates in teh central nervous system
True
2. Both divisions of the autonomic nervous system are normally active simultaneously
True
Acetylcholine binds to both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors
True
Fibers of the vagus nerve end very near or within their target organs
True
The adrenal medulla is a modified sympathetic ganglion
True
129)The only cranial nerves attached directly to the cerebrum are the ________ nerves. a)Olfactory. b)Trigeminal. c)Optic. d)Oculomotor. e)Trochlear.
a)Olfactory.
151)After suffering a blow to the back of the head, Phil becomes comatose. The blow probably caused damage to the a)Reticular formation. b)Postcentral gyrus. c)Cerebral nuclei. d)Limbic system. e)Prefrontal cortex.
a)Reticular formation.
163)A state of unconsciousness in which an individual can be aroused by normal stimuli is a)Sleep. b)Stupor. c)Somnolence. d)Coma. e)A chronic vegetative state.
a)Sleep.
9)Cerebrospinal fluid reabsorbed by arachnoid villi in the ___. a)Superior sagittal sinus. b)The medulla oblongata. c)Cerebellum. d) Spinal cord. e) The Pons.
a)Superior sagittal sinus.
100)The auditory cortex is located in the a)Temporal lobe. b)Frontal lobe. c)Insula. d)Parietal lobe. e)Occipital lobe.
a)Temporal lobe.
67)The Pons contains a)Tracts that link the cerebellum with the brain stem. b)Sensory and motor nuclei for six cranial nerves. c)Nuclei concerned with the control of blood pressure. d)No ascending or descending tracts. e)both A and B.
a)Tracts that link the cerebellum with the brain stem.
25)Sex drive, body temperature, and food and water intake are regulated by a)the limbic system. b)the hypothalamus. c) the thalamus. d) the pituitary gland. e) the pineal gland.
b)the hypothalamus.
Atropine is sometimes used to dilate the pupil for eye examination. Which receptor would atropine block? A. alpha 1 adrenergic receptor B. nicotinic receptor C. muscarinic receptor D. alpha 2 adrenergic receptor E. beta recept
muscarinic receptor
51. The binding of ___ to a nicotinic receptor of a muscle fiber will ___ it A. acetylcholine; excite B. norepinephrine; excite C. monoamine oxidase; inhibit D. acetylcholine; inhibit E. acetylcholinesterase; excite
A. acetylcholine; excite
25. In response to high blood pressure, stretch receptors called ___ in the walls of arteries carrying blood to the head will trigger a reflex that causes the heart to ___ its beats per minute A. baroreceptors; decrease B. proprioceptors; decrease C. baroreceptors; increase D. proprioceptors; increase E. chemoreceptors; increase
A. baroreceptors; decrease
19. parasympathetic tone A. holds the resting heart rate below its intrinsic rate B. accelerates the resting heart rate above its intrinsic rate C. might increase or decrease heart rate depending on the situation D. affects heart rate only after myocardial infarction E. does not affect heart rate
A. holds the resting heart rate below its intrinsic rate
45. These are all characteristics of the enteric nervous sytems except A. its reflex arcs are associated with the spinal cord B. it does not arise from teh spinal cord C. it innervates smooth msucle D. it innervates glands E. it does not arise form the brainstem
A. its reflex arcs are associated with the spinal cord
54. ___ is an example of the cooperative effect between the two autonomic nervous system division. A. orgasm B. bronchodilation c. gastrointestinal secretion D. heart rate E. vasomotor tone
A. orgasm
58. A neuron that synapses in the adrenal medulla is a ____ neuron, and releases the neurotransmitter ____ A. preganglionic; acetylcholine (ACh) B. postganglionic; norepinephrine (NE) C. preganglionic; norepinephrine (NE) D. postganglionic; acetylcholine (ACh) E. somatic; norepinephrine (NE)
A. preganglionic; acetylcholine
63. Autonomic function receives input from all these except A. spinal cord B. cerebral cortex C. hypothalamus D. medulla oblongata E. somatic branch of the peripheral nervous system
A. spinal cord
30. Most fibers of the paraysmpathetic nervous system travel in A. the vagus nerve B. the trigeminal nerve C. the pelvic nerve D. the sacral plexus E. the sciatic nerve
A. the vagus nerve
43. Damage to the ___ may affect near vision accomodation A. celiac ganglion B. oculomotor nerve (cn III) C. facial nerve (cn VII) D. glossopharyngeal nerve (cn ix) E. cardiac plexus
B. oculomotor nerve (cn III)
48. Propanolol, a beta blocker, is typically used to A. increase heart rate B. decrease heart rate C. produce vasoconstriction of the coronary arteries D. produce vasodilation of blood vessels of skeletal muslce E. produce bronchodilation
B. decrease heart rate
20. Sympathetic nerve fibers are not associated with situations involving A. anger B. digestion C. exercise D. stress E. arousal
B. digestion
23. The effect of autonomic fibers on target cells is ___, and/whereas the effect of somatic fibers is ___. a. always excitatory; always excitatory too B. excitatory or inhibitory; always excitatory C. excitatory or inhibitory; excitatory or inhibitory D. always inhibitory; excitatory or inhibitory E. always inhibitory; always excitatory
B. excitatory or inhibitory; always excitatory
56. Sympathetic effects tend to last ____ than parasympathetic effects. one reason is that ____. A. shorter; acetylcholine can diffuse into the bloodstream without being broken down B. longer; norepinephrine can diffuse into the bloodstream without being broken down C. about the same; the two divisions use the same nuerotransmitters D. shorter; acetylcholine is broken down by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) E. longer; acetylcholine is broken down by monoamaine oxidase (MAO)
B. longer; norepinephrine can diffuse into the bloodstream without being broken down
28. Preganglionic fibers of the autonomic efferent pathway are ___ and secrete ___ A. myelinated; norepinephrine B. myelinated; acetylcholine C. myelinated; acetylcholine and norepinephrine D. unmyelinated; acetylcholine E. unmyelinated; norepinephrine
B. myelinated; acetylcholine
55. Sympathetic fibers do not release A. acetylcholine B. nitric oxide (NO) C. substance P D. neuropeptide Y E. norepinephrine
B. nitric oxide (NO)
61. Which one of the followin is made up of primarily adrenergic fibers? A. preganglionic neruons of the sympathetic division B. postganglionic neurons of teh sympathetic division C. post ganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division D. all motor fibers of teh somatic motor system E. preganglionic neurons of parasympathetic division
B. postganglionic neurons of teh sympathetic division
37. Most preganglionic fibers in the sympathetic nervous system synapse with 10 to 20 postganglionic neurons. This results in A. sympathetic fibers arising in the spinal cord all along its length B. the sympathetic nervous system having a relative widespread efect C. sympathetic spinal nerves being smaller D. sympathetic ganglia being close to the spinal cord E. spinal nevers being smaller
B. the sympathetic nervous system having a relative widespread efect
Sympathetic fibers arise only from the ___ region of the spinal cord A. cervical, thoracic, and lumbar B. thoracic and lumbar c. thoracic D. cervical E. lumbar
B. thoracic and lumbar
22. The neurotransmitter(s) associated with autonomic ganglia is(are) A. norepinephrine (NE) B. acetylcholine (ACh) and norepinephrine (NE) C. acetylcholine (ACh) D. dopamine E. dopamine and norepinephrine (NE)
C. acetylcholine (ACh)
46. If a cell has x1 adrenergic receptors, it is sensitive to A. acetylcholine B. norepinephrine C. adrenaline D. alpha adrenaline E. nicotine
C. adrenaline
The solar plexus is used as a name for A. the spinal nerve route B. the carotid plexus C. either the celiac and mesenteric ganglia or with celiac ganglia only D. the splanchic nerves E. the sympathetic nerve route
C. either the celiac and mesenteric ganglia or with celiac ganglia only
62. The ____ is an especially important center of autonomic control A. pons B. medulla oblongata C. hypothalamus D. midbrain E. pituitary gland
C. hypothalamus
These are all features of the sympathetic division except A. it origiantes in teh thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord B. it has long postganglionic fibers C. it has long preganglionic fibers D. its ganglia are adjacent to the spinal column E. it ahs an extenstive neural divergence and a relative widespread effect
C. it has long preganglionic fibers
57. This enzyme breaks down norepinephrine (NE) A. noradrenalinase B. adenosine C. monoamine oxidase (MAO) D. norepinephrinease E. catchol-O-methyltrasferase (COMT)
C. monoamine oxidase (MAO)
44. White rami carry ___ neurons, while gray rami carry ___ neurons A. myelinated postganglionic; unmyelinated preganglionic B. unmyelinated postganglionic; myelinated preganglionic C. meyelinated preganglionic; unmyelinated postganglionic D. unmyelinated preganglionic; myelinated postganglionic E. myelinated preganglionic; myelinated postganglionic
C. myelinated preganglionic; unmyelinated postganglionic
18. Which one of the following best describes the order of a visceral reflex? A. Sensory receptor > interneuron > afferent nerve fiber > efferent nerve fiber > gland B. SR > ENF > I > ANF > G C. SR > ANF > I > ENF > G D. SR > ENF > ANF > I > G E. SR > I > ENF > ANF > G
C. sensory receptor > afferent nerve fiber > interneuron > efferent nerve fiber > gland
The motor pathway of the autonomic nervous system usually involves ___ neurons A. no B. one C. two D. three E. four
C. two
47. All of the following are under dual control of the ANS except A. pupil diameter B. heart rate C. salivary gland activity D. adrenal medulla activity E. gastrointestinal motility
D. adrenal medulla activity
59. Drugs that are monoamine oxidase (mao) inhibitors would most likely A. activate the paraysmpathetic division and allow for normal digestive system activities B. block ach receptors on skeletal muscle and cause flaccid paralysis C. stimulate B-2 receptors and cause an increase in heart rate and dilation of bronchioles D. decrease the amount of NE destroyed and may be used as an antidepressant E. inhibit uptake of dopamine and cause depression
D. decrease the amount of NE destroyed and may be used as an antidepressant
Autonomic nervous system A. controls skeletal muscle contraction B. has no ganglia along its nerves C. uses the neurotransmitter acetylcholine exclusively D. denervation would cause hypersensitivity E. usually controls conscious actions
D. denervation would cause hypersensitivity
Preganglionic fibers run from A. posterior root ganglia to gray matter B. posterior root ganglia to autonomic ganglia C. gray matter to posterior root ganglia D. gray matter to autonomic ganglia E. autonomic ganglia to visceral effectors
D. gray matter to autonomic ganglia
34. These are all characteristics of the paraysmpathetic division except A. its effects are local B. the terminal ganglia are very close to or within their target organs C. it originates in teh craniosacral region of the cns D. it has short preganglionic fibers E. it has short postganglionic fibers
D. it has short preganglionic fibers
49. Which of the following is more effective in producing bronchodilation? A. acetylcholine B. nicotine C. muscarine D. norepinephrine E. thyroxine
D. norepinephrine
65. Which of the following is associated with the "flight or fight" reaction? A. pupillary constriction B. glycogen synthesis C. increased gastric motility D. reduced urinary output E. reduced heart rate
D. reduced urinary output
16. The autonomic nervous system controls all of the following except the A. adrenal gland B. smooth muscle in teh walls of the aorta C. cardiac muscle in the right atrium D. skeletal muscle in teh rectus abdominis E. parotid salivary gland
D. skeletal muscle in teh rectus abdominis
41. Which nerve(s) carries the most parasympathetic fibers? A. spinal nerves B. pelvic splanchnic nerves C. nerves of the abdominal aortic plexus D. vagus nerve (cn x) E. facial nerve (Cn vii)
D. vagus nerve (cn x)
50. Muscarinic receptors bind A. epinephrine B. norepinephrine C monoamine oxidase D. acetylcholinesterase E. acetylcholine
E. acetylcholine
60. A possible explanation for the effect of caffeine is that it blocks the receptor for a neuromodulatior in teh brain called ___, which inhibits ACh release by cholinergic nuerons A. glycine B. dopamine C. serotonin D. melatonin E. adenosine
E. adenosine
131)A person with a damaged visual association area may be a)Able to see letters quite clearly but unable to recognize or interpret them. b)Declared legally blind. c)Visually and sensory impaired. d)Unable to scan the lines of a page or see rows of clear symbols. e)Unable to recognize letters but able to identify words and their meanings.
a)Able to see letters quite clearly but unable to recognize or interpret them.
164)The brain waves produced by normal adults while resting with their eyes closed are ________ waves. a)Alpha. b)beta . c)theta . d)delta . e)gamma.
a)Alpha.
32)A predominance of ____EEG might indicate that a person is physically and mentally relaxed. a)Alpha. C) beta . e) theta . b)delta . d)gamma .
a)Alpha.
126)________ is a condition resulting from an inflammation of the facial nerve. a)Bell's palsy. b)Addison's disease. c)Cerebral palsy. d)all of the above. e)none of the above.
a)Bell's palsy.
18)The __________ is the largest part of the hindbrain. a)Cerebellum. b)Pons. c) Cerebrum. d) Hypothalamus. e) Brainstem.
a)Cerebellum.
110)The highest levels of information processing occur in the a)Cerebrum. b)Medulla. c)Spinal cord. d)Cerebellum. e)Mesencephalon.
a)Cerebrum.
193)A state of unconsciousness in which an individual cannot be aroused and does not respond to stimuli is a)Coma. b)Somnolence. c)Sleep. d)Stupor.
a)Coma.
189)Memories that can be voluntarily retrieved and verbally expressed are called a)Declarative memories. b)Reflexive memories. c)Memory engrams. d)Procedural memories. e)Consolidated memories.
a)Declarative memories.
76)The ________ acts as a switching and relay center for integration of conscious and unconscious sensory and motor pathways. a)Diencephalon. b)Mesencephalon. c)Medulla. d)Pons. e)Cerebellum.
a)Diencephalon.
171)The folds on the surface of the cerebellum are called ________. a)Folia. b)Gyri. c)Sulci.
a)Folia.
172)In most people, the speech center is located in the ________ cerebral hemisphere. a)Left. b)Right .
a)Left.
134)The cranial nerve that has three branches is the a)Trigeminal. b)Glossopharyngeal. c)Facial. d)Vagus. e)Abducens.
a)Trigeminal.
174)The basal nuclei alter the motor commands issued by the cerebral cortex through a feedback loop. a)True. b)False.
a)True.
186)Following a motor vehicle accident, your patient has a suspected head injury. The patient is placed in the semi-Fowler's position. You notice a clear fluid running out of the patient's nose. You should test the fluid for a presence of what? a)glucose b)potassium c)sodium d)blood e)bacteria
a)glucose
179)The hypothalamus: a)is the thermostat of the body since it regulates temperature. b)is an important auditory and visual relay center. c)is the somatic sensory area. d)mediates sensations. e)contains reflex centers involved with vision and hearing.
a)is the thermostat of the body since it regulates temperature.
149)After suffering a stroke, Mary finds that she cannot move her right arm. This would suggest that the stroke damage is in the area of the ________ lobe. a)left frontal. b)left temporal. c)right frontal. d)right temporal. e)Occipital.
a)left frontal.
28)Planning, motivation, and social judgment are functions of the brain associated with a)the frontal lobe. b)the insula. c) the parietal lobe. d) the temporal lobe. e) the occipital lobe.
a)the frontal lobe.
24)Nearly all the somatosensory input to the cerebrum passes by way of synapses in a)the thalamus. b)the cerebellum. c) the hypothalamus. d) the reticular formation. e) the epithalamus.
a)the thalamus.
194)Changes in the central nervous system that accompany aging include a)An increase in the number of neurons. b)A reduction in brain size and weight. c)An increased blood flow to the brain. d)all of the above e)B and C only
b)A reduction in brain size and weight.
104)The corpus callosum is composed of a)Longitudinal fasciculi. b)Commissural fibers. c)Projection fibers. d)Association fibers. e)Arcuate fibers.
b)Commissural fibers.
157)Mechanisms involved in memory formation and storage may involve all of the following, except a)Formation of additional synaptic connections. b)Summation at terminal axons. c)The formation of memory engrams. d)Facilitation at synapses. e)Increased release of neurotransmitters.
b)Summation at terminal axons.
95)The region of the cerebral cortex inferior to the lateral sulcus is the a)Occipital lobe. b)Temporal lobe. c)Parietal lobe. d)Frontal lobe. e)Insula.
b)Temporal lobe.
137)When compared to the spinal cord, the arrangement of white and gray matter in the medulla is similar, yet there are also significant differences. These differences include all of the following, except a)A lack of clear functional organization of the nuclei. b)The absence of distinct regions of gray matter. c)Tracts crossing, merging, and branching. d)Tracts passing through nuclei. e)The arrangement of tracts and nuclei.
b)The absence of distinct regions of gray matter.
121)The respiratory rhythmicity center is found in a)The cerebellum. b)The medulla oblongata. c)The pons. d)The cerebrum. e)all of the above.
b)The medulla oblongata.
178)The vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in a)The Pons. b)The medulla oblongata. c)The Midbrain. d)The Cerebrum. e)The Hypothalamus.
b)The medulla oblongata.
136)Damage to which of the following cranial nerves could result in death? a)Facial. b)Vagus. c)Glossopharyngeal. d)Abducens. e)Hypoglossal.
b)Vagus.
180)The subarachnoid space lies directly between the: a)arachnoid mater and dura mater. b)arachnoid mater and pia mater. c)skull and arachnoid mater. d)arachnoid mater and cerebrum. e)arachnoid mater and cerebellum.
b)arachnoid mater and pia mater.
20)The arbor vitae is a structure found in the a)right and left cerebral hemispheres. b)cerebellum. c)diencephalon. d) tegmentum in the midbrain. e) reticular formation.
b)cerebellum.
30)The great majority of ___________ tracts pass through the corpus callosum. a)Ascending. b)commissural . c) Descending. d) association . e) projection .
b)commissural .
181)The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is most permeable to _____. a)platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells. b)glucose and oxygen. c)sodium, potassium, and chloride. d)urea and creatinine. e)antibiotics.
b)glucose and oxygen.
17)The reticular formation is a web of _______ scattered throughout the ________. a)nerves; white matter in the cerebrum. b)gray matter; brainstem. c)neurosomas; hypothalamus. d) white matter; cerebellum. e) gray matter; cerebrum.
b)gray matter; brainstem.
188)Which of the following is essential for memory consolidation? a)prefrontal lobe b)hippocampus c)cerebral nuclei d)insula e)basal ganglia
b)hippocampus
142)the direction of a loud noise reflex is coordinated in the mesencephalon. Which nuclei are most likely involved in this process? a)substantia nigra. b)inferior colliculi. c)red nuclei. d)superior colliculi. e)Tectum.
b)inferior colliculi.
23) The thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus are derivatives of the embryonic a)telencephalon. b)metencephalon. c) diencephalon. d) myelencephalon. e) Mesencephalon.
c) diencephalon.
36)Which body region is controlled by the largest area of the motor cortex? a)the shoulder. b)the trunk. c) the fingers . d) the neck . e) the toes .
c) the fingers .
158)Memories that can be voluntarily retrieved and verbally expressed are called a)Consolidated memories. b)Reflexive memories. c)Declarative memories. d)Memory engrams. e)Procedural memories.
c)Declarative memories.
45)Which of the following links the cerebral hemispheres with the brain stem? a)Pons. b)Mesencephalon. c)Diencephalon. d)medulla oblongata. e)Cerebellum.
c)Diencephalon.
177)Control of temperature, endocrine activity, and thirst are functions associated with the: a)medulla oblongata. b)Cerebellum. c)Hypothalamus. d)Thalamus. e)Cerebrum.
c)Hypothalamus.
133)The cranial nerves that are involved in controlling eye movements are a)III and V. b)I, II, and III. c)III, IV, and VI. d)II, III, and IV. e)II and VI.
c)III, IV, and VI.
50)Major centers concerned with autonomic control of breathing, blood pressure, heart rate, and digestive activities are located in the a)Diencephalon. b)Pons. c)Medulla oblongata. d)Cerebellum. e)Mesencephalon.
c)Medulla oblongata.
190)Conversion of a short-term memory to a long-term memory is called a)Amnesia. b)Memory programming. c)Memory consolidation. d)Engramming. e)memory conversion
c)Memory consolidation.
169)Bob is struck on the left side of the head with a board and is knocked unconscious. When he recovers consciousness, he can hear but cannot understand what is being said to him. This implies damage to the a)Speech center. b)Prefrontal lobe. c)Temporal lobe. d)Inner ear.
c)Temporal lobe.
139)Damage to the premotor cortex of the frontal lobe would interfere with the ability to a)Understand spoken language. b)Clearly see visual images. c)Use scissors to cut out a picture. d)Sense the texture of silk. e)Understand written words.
c)Use scissors to cut out a picture. (or other motor activities)
138)Damage to the pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex would directly affect a)Sight. b)Hearing. c)Voluntary motor activity. d)Perception of pain. e)both A and C.
c)Voluntary motor activity.
185)Which statement about aging is most accurate: a)the brain reaches its maximum weight around the seventh decade of life. b)synaptic connections are too fixed to permit a great deal of learning after the age of 35. c)despite some neuronal loss, an unlimited number of neural pathways are available and ready to be developed; therefore, additional learning can occur throughout life. d)learning throughout the adult and aging years is supported primarily by glial proliferation. e)increased efficiency of the sympathetic nervous system enhances the ability to learn.
c)despite some neuronal loss, an unlimited number of neural pathways are available and ready to be developed; therefore, additional learning can occur throughout life.
182)The functions of the vestibulocochlear nerves concern: a)vision and hearing. b)smell and taste. c)hearing and balance. d)fine and gross motor control. e)digestive activity.
c)hearing and balance.
150)Joe suddenly begins to experience violent mood swings and develops a voracious appetite. Physical examination indicates the tumor in his brain is the probable cause of these behaviors. In what part of the brain is the tumor most likely located? a)prefrontal cortex. b)reticular formation. c)limbic system. d)postcentral gyrus. e)cerebral nuclei.
c)limbic system.
135)Sensory innervation of the lower gums, teeth, lips, palate, and part of the tongue is by way of the________ nerve. a)Glossopharyngeal. b)Hypoglossal. c)mandibular branch of the trigeminal. d)maxillary branch of the trigeminal. e)ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal.
c)mandibular branch of the trigeminal.
39)Which of the following functions would most likely be controlled by the representational hemisphere of the cerebrum? a)answering this question. b)balancing your checkbook. c)painting a picture. d) diagnosing a patient's disease. e) giving a speech.
c)painting a picture.
33)During rapid eye movement (REM) sleep a)the muscles relax, and body temperature, blood pressure, and heart and respiratory rates fall. b)the muscles are very relaxed and body temperature, blood pressure, and heart and respiratory rates are at their lowest levels. c)the muscles are paralyzed, and body temperature, blood pressure, and heart and respiratory rates increase. d)a person falls into light sleep. e)a person begins to relax and feels drowsy.
c)the muscles are paralyzed, and body temperature, blood pressure, and heart and respiratory rates increase.
165)The brain waves that are characteristic of children and frustrated adults are _____ waves. a)alpha . b)beta . c)theta. d)delta . e)gamma.
c)theta.
11)The blood brain barrier (BBB) consists of a)gap junctions between endothelial cells that form the capillary walls. b)gap and tight junctions between astrocytes and endothelial cells that form the capillary walls. c)tight junctions between endothelial cells that form the capillary walls. d)desmosomes and tight junctions between astrocytes and ependymal cells that form the capillary walls. e)gap junctions between ependymal cells and endothelial cells that form the capillary walls.
c)tight junctions between endothelial cells that form the capillary walls.
27)The pineal gland belongs to a)the thalamus. b)the midbrain. c) the hypothalamus. d the epithalamus. e) the occipital lobe.
d the epithalamus.
86)Visual input from the lateral geniculates of the thalamus are received by the a)Red nuclei. b)Cerebral peduncles. c)Substantia nigra. d)Inferior colliculi. e)Superior colliculi.
e)Superior colliculi.
116)The ________ is the relay and process center for sensory information. a)Cerebellum. b)medulla oblongata. c)Pons. d)Cerebrum. e)Thalamus.
e)Thalamus.
170) Jean needs to have a tooth filled. Her dentist gives her a shot of Novocain to numb the branches of one of the cranial nerves so she won't feel any discomfort. What cranial nerve is the dentist numbing? a)Vagus. b)Glossopharyngeal. c)Hypoglossal. d)Trochlear. e)Trigeminal.
e)Trigeminal.
141)A drug that is known to block pain sensations is found to function at the level of the diencephalon. This drug probably interacts with neurons in the a)Medial nuclei of the thalamus. b)Hypothalamus. c)Epithalamus. d)Pulvinar. e)Ventral nuclei of the thalamus.
e)Ventral nuclei of the thalamus.
115)The medulla oblongata regulates a)Digestion. b)Kidney function. c)Blood pressure. d)both A and B. e)both A and C.
e)both A and C.
148)Which of the following symptoms would you associate with damage to the spinal accessory nerve? a)loss of the sense of taste. b)inability to move the eye medially. c)lack of facial expression. d)numb feeling in the gums. e)dysfunction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
e)dysfunction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
22)The pons is not associated with a)sensory information from the middle region of the face. b)sensory information from the inferior region of the face. c)sensory information from the superior region of the face. d)lateral eye movements. e)neck movements.
e)neck movements.
184)The upper motor neurons that control skeletal muscles begin with a soma in a)the posterior horn of the spinal cord. b)the anterior horn of the spinal cord. c)the motor association cortex of the cerebrum. d)the postcentral gyrus of the cerebrum. e)the precentral gyrus of the cerebrum.
e)the precentral gyrus of the cerebrum.