The Roman World

Signs of Roman decline were manifested by

A series of civil wars and barbarian invasions

A development during the period of Julio-Claudian rule was that emperors

Acted more openly as real rulers than as "first citizens of the state"

The "Struggle of the orders" in ancient Rome

Became less confrontational when laws were passed permitting plebians to hold office

Rome's greatest lyric poet was

Catullus

Roman antagonism toward Christianity was deepened by

Christian rejection of Roman religious practices

The reason why Jesus was denounced and crucified was that the

Conservative religious leaders feared he threatened the traditional religion

The first Christian emperor of the Roman empire was

Constantine

The chief executive officers of the Roman Republic who were responsible for leading the Roman army into battle and administering the government were the

Consuls

During the centuries of Roman history from public to empire the paterfamilias authority

Decreased

Crassus as killed in battle, Caesar defeated Pompey and was later assassinated, Octavian defeated Antony, who committed suicide, and Octavian attained sole power and was named Augustus. As a result of the proceeding, the traditional Roman Republic

Ended

A fundamental difference between the Roman empire in China Han empire was that the

Essentials of the hand empire were replicated by later dynasties by the Roman empire disappeared except as an idea

Octavian

Established the praetorian guard to guard him and his successors

Rome was

Founded by the Etruscans

The "good news" concerning Jesus was contained in the written

Gospels

The people who the greatest influence upon Republican Rome were the

Greeks

The Roman Senate

Had 300 members who were chosen for life

A central aspect of early Roman conquest was that all conquered peoples

Had an interest in the success of Rome, since they could improve their status by demonstrating their loyalty to their conquerors

Which of the following is a true statement about the centuriate assembly?

It has the responsibilities electing the chief magistrates and passing legislation

The Roman General who began a new system of military recruitment that made soldiers loyal to their general and not the Senate, was

Marius

In comparison to Han China, in the Roman empire

Merchants were more highly regarded

The zealots were

Militant extremists who advocated the violent overthrow of Rome's rule

Religious groups in the Roman empire included a

Number of mystery religions which offered immortality as a result of the sacrificial death of a savior-God

Members of the aristocratic governing class in Rome were known as

Patricians

the key figure spread of Christianity outside the Jewish community was

Paul of Tarsus

The basic message of Jesus of Nazareth was that

People should love God and each other

Which of the following were among the Jewish population of Judea

Pharisees

The Roman General who returned from Spain as a military hero in 71 B.C.E. Was

Pompey

The success of Christianity is widely believed by historians to have been due to its

Promise of salvation, its similarity, and its universality

Roman literature

Reached its high point in the age of Augustus

The Third Punic War

Resulted in Carthage being destroyed and it's territory becoming a Roman province

As it prospered, the early Roman empire

Saw the development of a large gap between rich and poor

In addition to the construction of massive buildings, the Romans also built

Skyscrapers

Roman slaves

Staged a number of massive rebellions, the largest led by Spartacus in 71 B.C.E.

Roman imperialism was characterized by

Strategic fortification, road construction, and allied military support

The major stages of Roman imperial expansion before 100 B.C.E. included

The involvement and seizures of the Hellenistic kingdoms on the eastern Mediterranean

Under the reign of five good emperors

The range of responsibilities that were affected by the polices of the emperors increased

Under Christianity was made the official religion of the Roman Empire

Theodosius

The defenders of the plebians were known as the

Tribunes

The greatest epic poet of the late Republic was

Virgil

Julius Caesar

Was assassinated by leading senators convinced his death would restore the republic

Traditional Roman religion

Was based on the proper implementation of rituals by state priests

The government of Rome

Was originally a monarchy but later became a republic

The First Punic War

Was waged between Carthage and Rome over control of the island of Sicily

Early Roman legend and tales

We're incorporated into Livy's historical accounts to teach moral values and virtues

The gladiatorial games

Were deemed vital by the government at it diverted the mass of the population from potentially dangerous political or riotous activities

The plebians

Were less privileged and often poorer than the patricians

As time went on, the governing classes of the Empire

Were made up of more and more provincial inhabitants

Roman military commanders

Were required to retire after two years of high command

The Second Punic War

Won Spain for Rome and produced Roman control over the western Mediterranean

Roman jurist were able to provide a systematic framework for Roman law because

they came to assume that natural law, or universal law, was based upon reason