Theology

What does the word monster mean if we look at it etymologically?

A creature who brings a warning

Which of the following best defines a 'stigma'?

A dynamic relationship between a discredited or marginalized group and the dominant norms of a given society

Which of the following is the most accurate description of critical theory?

A mode of discourse or inquiry that seeks to emancipate persons from a kind of 'slavery' to various social constructs that often illegitimately claim the status of a social norm

Which of the following is not one of the qualifications of the ethical demand that is needed in order to see how our encounters with others constitutes the demand AND how it operates to oppose potential abuses of power in that demand?

Accepting responsibility for others should be viewed as granting a wish or fulfilling a desire

Also referred to as 'aesthetic self-revelation,' this term identifies the ways in which one's residual self-identity can be maintained, nourished, and augmented through the various practices in the arts; the expression of self-identity through the recreation of a symbol.

Aesthetic self-awareness

The state of, or capacity for, being attuned to the beauty of the world, others, and oneself

Aesthetic well-being

The experience that persons often relate when they become care-givers of those with disabilities, wherein one is turned from a self-centeredness toward a greater capacity for unconditional love, or agape.

Agapaic Amplification

Which of the following is a conclusion that could validly be drawn from Reinders overall analysis of the DPC?

Although its variations seem to have some persuasive force, it fundamentally fails: Because it always presupposes some hypothetical abstraction, it cannot avoid establishing conditions that alienate an actual, concrete parent from an actual, concrete child.

A term coined by Hans Reinders that identifies a view of the human person, adopted by the inclusion project, as a self-determining individual capable of living their own lives according to their own preferences. This view is often criticized by those in the field of a theology of disability for the way that it continues to privilege independence rendering it less all-inclusive than it wants to be insofar as those with profound impairments are unable to fit this model of the huma person.

Anthropology of Liberal Citizenship

Which of the following best describes Schindler's use of Virginia Held's thought?

As a feminist critique of "the paradigm of the economic man" that shapes social relations to day in favor of "the paradigm of mother and child" for all social relations

What two perils does Hauerwas contend must be avoided when examining the question about prevention of mental impairments?

Assuming that it is a simple matter of equal rights, and the assumption that the condition is such that it justifies forms of oppressive care

Why does Aquinas argue that dependency and vulnerability are part of human nature?

Because human beings are bodily and therfore are subject to change and variation, immersed in a contingency of causal forces

How does Augustine's human norm relate to his theory of perfection?

Because human perfection precisely what Christ came to reject, human perfection is a myth designed to exclude those who are deemed unworthy of participation in the human family

What is one primary reason that Reinders turns to the novel by Kensaburo Oë in order to analyze and understand disability in the framework of moral agency?

Because not only is there a richness to narrative that theory cannot account for, but also because Oë's vision concerns the way in which the constitution of our moral selves involves accepting responsibility for the social relationships in which we find ourselves

What does a 'social-psychological' analysis reveal about human vulnerability and the social construction of disability?

Because vulnerability is a part of human nature, failing to acknowledge this truth may result in the unhealthy condition where it is projected onto the outsider, especially those who are marginalized and disabled

The idea that belonging, rather than similarity, is a stronger principle by which to build community and create the impulse to recognize common ground among extant and future differences. At the heart of belonging is shared weakness rather than shared power, and a capacity to see each other as persons. Belonging "is the place where we grow to maturity and discover what it means to be human and to act in a human way" (Vanier, Becoming Human, 59).

Belonging Principle

The divine activity that moves persons from loneliness to togetherness.

Communal coalescence

A phrase coined by Jean Vanier, founder of L'arche communities for disabled persons, that describes the depth of unity that comes about only through a mutual sharing of human weakness and vulnerability.

Communion of hearts

According to Englehardt, where does the moral authority that governs the activity between moral strangers come from?

Consent of parties involved

A maturing self that is consciously known on the basis of moral emotion intuitions in memory that serve as scaffolding for personal goals.

Consolidated Moral Self

A term that identifies the binary, or two-way, relationship between disabled persons and their caregivers that results in mutual enrichment, growth, and love.

Continuum of Mutuality

The metaphorical price that is paid when one suffers exclusion in a social setting; concretely, it usually involves physical and emotional numbness, impaired intellectual functioning, failures at self-control, possible self-defeating behavior patterns, and others.

Cost of Social Exclusion

This is an argument that attempts to make a distinction (D) between the Person (P) and the Condition (C), or impairment/disability, often invoked to defend a medical model of disability and the practices of elimination that often accompany this model (see Reinders, FDLS, pp. 55 ff.).

DPC Argument

The idea, predicated upon the theological belief that all human beings are created in the image and likeness of God, that inclusion is the default position and does not need to be argued because it is given in creation. It denies the relevance of any of our natural capacities as constitutive of human nature because they are so unevenly distributed. Arguments for inclusion only become necessary when exclusion is introduced by social constructs, which exclusion has historically assumed the place of a default position.

Default Inclusion

The interpretation / understanding /hermeneutic of disability that sees it as only a deficit of one's humanity.

Deficit Construct

According to Løgstrup (and Reinders by extension) what does a phenomenology of conversation establish as an indelible dimension of human existence and experience?

Dependence because every utterance to some other is at the same time a giving over of some kind of control to the other to some degree

A modern construct, not to be confused with impairment (see impairment), that seeks to identify exceptions to an otherwise normative account of having certain abilities thought to be common to all persons. As a relative term (that is, a term of relation), disability presupposes some foundational and prior basis of ability, which derives from various social values and practices.

Disability

Values, dominant in a given society, that incapacitate or contribute to a decline in seeing the value and contribution of disabled persons to that same society. Such values most often aim at the eventual disappearance of the difference that the human experience of disability provides to a given social system

Disabling Cultural Values

A principle of love often invoked by caregivers of persons with disabilities that involves affirming one's emotional state through a practice of giving comfort, showing tenderness, calming anxiety, and bolstering feelings of security.

Emotional affirmation

The theological principle that maintains the divine being is most intimately present in those who are estranged from the social order, those who for whatever reason are outcast, exiled to the margins of an otherwise "normal" society.

Estrangement of Divine Being

The act of reducing an idea, a message, an object, or a person to an abstraction so as to enable one to remain inside one's own head rather than engaging the concrete reality itself.

Excessive Intellectualism

The dichotomy between those who are already born and living, and those who are not yet so.

Future-Present Dichotomy (FPD)

Science educators who simultaneously establish and maintain the authority of the scientific expert. Since the accuracy of the geneticists diagnosis is the premise of the counselor's work, there is a strongly pro-expertise bias built into genetic counseling." (PD, 130) This is especially significant within the realm of reproductive decisions in association with prenatal testing for "genetic defects." This role is viewed with suspicion by most in the disability community since the role as described is often disguised as a genuine life counselor rather than one who advances the authority of the medical model of disability with an eye toward elimination of the "defective person."

Genetic Counselor

What is Reinders describing when he writes that it is, "a cultural process in which the expanding knowledge about genetic dispositions reinforces the strength of biological and medical paradigms in the explanation of social phenomena"(62)?

Geneticization & Biological determinism

The belief that authentic community is not a goal to be achieved, but a gift to be received; it is a theory that carries with it the indelible dimension of being hospitable to strangers who are always potential gifts.

Gifted Community

Within the classical theistic tradition, which of the following best explains God's attributes?

God does not posses or 'have' his attributes; rather, God IS his attributes: God IS goodness, God IS beauty, God IS truth, God IS love

Which of the following best characterizes the mono-polytheistic, or theistic-personalist model of God?

God is simply a numerically restricted version of the model of the gods in many ancient cultures

The term, coined by Fr. Thomas Philippe, cofounder of L'Arche, that identifies infancy and old age, during which an openness to the Holy Spirit derives from a more intensified craving for love and from a greater degree of suffering. It is an idea that presupposes an integrity of itself to both infancy and agedness, rejecting the dominant social idea that infancy is merely a pre-adult phase (infants as future adults), while agedness is a post-adult phase (elderly as former adults).

Golden Ages of Human Being

Which of the following is NOT true with respect to the role that John Langdon Down contributed to the development of the Medical Model of disability?

He believed that insanity was the same as a learning disability, thus bringing together moral and mental deficiency

How does Yong's reading of Leviticus texts that express a more exclusionary tone to those with disabilities offer potential resistance to readings today that might dismiss these texts as little more than ablistically- exclusionary?

He claims these texts must be understood within the broader framework of the Levitical purity code

How does Reinders refute the actual/future person distinction mode of the DPC argument?

He contends that the evaluation of any future reality depends on how one observes the present states associated with that future reality; one can only make a judgment about whether or not to keep a baby with down syndrome by seeing what the lives of persons with DS is actually like now.

Which of the following best summarizes the sort of ethical system espoused by Løgstrup?

He is a phenomenologist in that he aspires to ground ethics upon the natural and thus prior conditions manifest by trust and our always already mutual dependence upon one another

How does Reinders himself evaluate the methods and strategies of critical theory with respect to the phenomenon of human disability?

He is critical, arguing that to ignore facts about our moral conscience is to ignore facts about the integrity of the moral self that can only be denied at the cost of impairing that self.

How does Reinders evaluate the "insiders only" argument that contends, because we can only judge our lives from the 'inside' so to speak, we are mistaken in thinking that anyone else's account of his or her life can tell us anything about ours?

He points out that this argument focuses on the wrong question; it is not 'what does one's life mean to that person?' but rather 'what would his or her kind of life mean to me if it were mine?'

Which of the following best describes Reinder's assessment of the liberal convention?

He praises it for providing conditions wherein a plurality of voices can be heard, but also recognizes that the liberal convention is no merely some religiously innocent system but one that is laden with value-assumptions of its own

What does Augustine do with the Greco-Roman concept of that disabled people are monsters?

He reconfigures it to emphasize the revelatory function of non-standard bodies and minds, which can now be seen as a special wonder, a divine communicative act challenging human expectations

How does Bird respond to Himiko's theory about the plurality of worlds?

He rejects it claiming that one cannot tamper with the absoluteness of death by some psychological trick

Which of the following best characterizes the reason that Hauerwas calls the principle — that doctors should always work to alleviate suffering — into question?

He sees that, insofar as this is a principle, it risks being transformed when divorced from the original insights that gave it substance, potentially forming an ideology attached to a quite different set of practices.

Which of the following ailments did Augustine suffer from?

Hemorrhoids

Which of the following best summarizes Schindler's (and Berry's) claim about modern culture as fundamentally homeless?

Homelessness- the movement of consciousness away from home- is an abstract, mechanistic pattern or condition of being, thinking, acting, and producing that makes human beings rootless in a world stripped of its intrinsic creaturely order

Also known as the intuitionist model of moral reasoning, HCMI is derived from Jonathan Haidt's argument (MP), which identifies a mode of morality premised on the idea that intuitions can function as evaluative feelings at the edge of, or beyond, conscious awareness. This model assumes that the vast majority of moral functioning is characterized by situations requiring rapid appraisals and responses beneath consciousness (where habits and practices constitute our being). This is a controversial model both supported and criticized in various scholarly disciplines.

Hyper-Conscious Moral Intuition

A form of bias against those with cognitive disabilities that interferes with a sense of shared or common humanity.

Hypercognitivism

The term identifies a form or bias against those with cognitive disabilities that interferes with a sense of shared or common humanity.

Hypercognitivism

Also called 'identity prosthesis', this is the practice of entering into the life and experience of a person with a cognitive impairment in order to help that person preserve his or her identity in whatever ways possible

Identity Preservation

Also called 'identity prosthesis', this is the practice of entering into the life and experience of a person with a cognitive impairment in order to help that person preserve his or her identity in whatever ways possible

Identity preservation

A pattern of possibilities fostered within a community by the stories and correlative commitments that make it what it is (Hauerwas, CR, 56). It is the "means by which we are able to present anything not directly accessible, including both the world of the imaginary and the recalcitrant aspects of the world; it is the medium of fiction as well as fact." (Green, 1989, p. 66). BUT it is also bound up with the practices of a given community; it is formed in and by those practices.

Imagination

Any condition or set of conditions, either physical or intellectual (and perhaps spiritual and moral) that prevents human flourishing due to either a lack or excess of that which is, according to human nature, undue to a human person (e.g., blindness, deafness, autism, down syndrome, etc.).

Impairment

Which of the following best summarizes the primary point of Hauerwas's essay: "The Retarded and the Criteria of the Human?"

In attempting to construct criteria for what it means to be human, we in effect show ourselves to be deeply inhuman because any such criteria inevitably places an ideology of the strong above the primary and basic human need to become a community of care and mutual respect.

The broad characterization of the disability movement whose goal of inclusion aims at institutional change by making public spaces accessible to all.

Inclusion Project

The phenomenon whereby those who encounter persons with disabilities experience the state of having their inner child called forth from deep within themselves to rediscover a world of play, celebration, and beauty that had previously eluded them.

Inner Child Evociation (ICE)

The phenomenon of the sect as applied to everyday institutions that require the individual to sacrifice personal conscience for the sake of obedience to the group and its purported goals. See Vanier, Becoming Human, 56.

Innocuous Sect

The capacity to choose to live a certain insecurity and question things held to be true, especially things that a group or community hold to be important, valuable, and true; the embracing of an unknown future in an attitude of honest questioning. The questioning in this case is not a rejection, though it may lead to it. Rather, it is a mode of reflecting, of deepening, and of becoming more intimate with the truth found therein. See Vanier, Becoming Human, 49, 52

Insecurity Principle

How do the texts from Isaiah, as read by Yong and discussed in class, ("In that day, the deaf shall hear the Words of the book, and the eyes of the blind shall see out of obscurity, and out of darkness") correspond to the experience of disability?

Israel anticipates full healing in the coming of Yahweh AND This text has become a source of hope to many even though they can also reinforce ableist stereotypes

What is the significance of the Supreme Court case Buck vs. Bell with respect to the development of the Medical Model of disability?

It became the moment that a Supreme Court Justice not only granted the power of the State to sterilize a citizen against her and her family's wishes, but also enshrined the declaration that "three generations of imbeciles is enough."

What is the Unique feature of the origins of Theology as found in Ancient Israel?

It begins with God's own speaking and is constituted above by all relationships

Which of the following is the unique characteristic of Martha's Vineyard?

It had a much lower ratio of deaf to hearing people than the rest of the US and as a result, sign language became common currency even after deafness disappeared

How does Aquinas configure rationality as the principle of the soul?

It identifies the full range of characteristics that distinguish humans from other organisms AND It is the imago dei in the human person

Which of the following best characterizes the way in which critical theory functions in moral thought?

It invites us to bracket out our particular moral convictions and engage in the construction of principles that can test our convictions so as to move us beyond what traditional morality tells us

What does Schindler mean by the "negative" element of Locke's account of rights?

It is a way of conceiving rights as the right not to be coerced by another, just as the other's duty is not to coerce me

Which of the following best reflects Augustine's notion of the normativity of Christ in the form of the soul of each person?

It is norm emphasizing human particularly, inclusive of personal difference, underlying and sustaining the variation between individuals and indeed the sexes

What is the one primary difference between a 'disability culture' and any other culture?

It is not transgenerational; that is, disability is not passed on through progeny

What does Reinders mean by the "parasitic nature" of liberal morality?

It is only fully effective when it is supported by convictions and beliefs that exceed the limits of its own narrow conception of morality, instead borrowing its implicit convictions and beliefs from non liberal practices

How does Deneen define, or describe, liberalism?

It is the first and oldest of the world's great ideologies

Which of the following is the most valid expression of rationality as Augustine conceives it?

It is the locus of human transformation, making it the distinguishing feature of human nature whether this is expressed or not

. Which of the following is NOT one of Hauerwas's criticisms of the "Don't Be Like Us" PSA?

It unjustifiably expresses concern to prevent suffering when possible.

Which of the following best exemplifies the primary concern of the early Christian attitude towards the poor and disabled?

It was primarily a social attitude, concerned less with one's own suffering and more with how to alleviate the suffering of others

How was the ancient roots of 'stigma' as found in the notion of monstra reimagined in the late modern period and its own social construction of disability?

It was reimagined in the notions of the 'noble savage' and 'natural slaves,' in effect, those who were thought to be not quite beasts but not fully human

According to Reinders, who is the philosopher who provides Englehardt his particular vision of the human persons and rationality?

Kant

A foundational principle at the heart of the L'Arche communities founded by Jean Vanier, which asserts the fundamental belief that everyone experiences disability but remains worthy of dignity and unqualified respect.

L'Arche Principle

A term coined by Diane Dreidger in her book, The Last Civil Rights Movement: Disabled People's International (New York: St. Martin's, 1989) which identifies the project of inclusion (see inclusion) as the final movement for civil rights because there is no group more marginalized today than disabled persons. Consequently, their inclusion would be the last civil rights movement

Last Civil Rights Movement

A way of engaging and understanding human disability predicated upon the various principles born from modern medicine; this approach is heavily interventionist, presumptive of socially constructed norms, authoritative, exclusive and exclusionary, and resource centered rather than person centered.

Medical Approach to Disability (Medical Model)

A self-governing being that seeks to realize its own ends independently from others; a being endowed with a particular sort of rational thought capacity and "enlightened" self-interest.

Modern Concept of the Person

The belief that it is possible to identify a single property, or single set of properties, that can be used as a measure for excluding persons from moral consideration. The leading advocate for monistic exclusivism is the British ethicist Peter Singer.

Monistic exclusivism

Distinct from idle fancy, this identifies the power given in the imagination to shape and enable new realities to come into being (a la Colerdige). It is active before every action undertaken by a given agent, and mediates between goals, actions, and meanings.

Moral Imagination

The communal practice of transformation from a self-centered orientation of practices and beliefs to a capacity for being more other-centered

Moral Transformation

The communal practice of transformation from a self-centered orientation of practices and beliefs to a capacity for being more other-centered.

Moral Transformation

The act of storytelling in the presence of a person whose memory is impaired in order to honor the life of that person, and perhaps even awaken a sense of belonging or an unthematic sense of that person's history for him or her.

Narrative Therapy

Which of the following are the 3 states or degrees of rational intimacy marking the Imago Dei?

Natural Aptitude, Call, and Perfection

A term that describes diverse neurological experiences and states as contributing to the overall human experience of the world.

Neurodiversity

A term that identifies how the current state of disability in the Western world is stuck in a paradox, or condition of two opposing terms, between, on the one hand, strategies to "normalize" disabled persons into society, yet on the other hand, continuing to employ technologies designed to prevent disabled persons from ever entering into society. It is summed up in the message: "Since you are here, we're going to care for you as best we can, but everyone would be better off if you were not here at all" (Reinders, FDLS, 4).

Normalization-Prevention Paradox

A principle, found in the work of Jean Vanier (BH, 11) that identifies the necessity of the human commitment to the evolution of the new, the necessity of accepting constant movement as the key to our humanity and as the only road to becoming human ("Behold, I make all things new" Rev. 21:5)

Novum Principle

Which of the following best summarizes Reinders evaluation of genetic prevention with respect to the phenomenon of human disability/illness/disease?

On the one hand, he recognizes that if people believe that a burden is posed by disabled lives, then it seems right to try and prevent these lives, but wants to establish the limits of this particular question, making prevention something that cannot be seen as categorically wrong in all cases.

According to Yong, what concern of Israel was being expressed in its Levitical and Deuteronmical codes?

Ordering an impure world through proper rituals, a recognizable symbol system, bodily hygiene, and social practices

What are the 2 types of relations that Aquinas contends grounds the Imago Dei in the human person?

Origination and ordination

Which of the following best characterizes the way in which the human person was valued in the ancient Greco-Roman pagan order?

Personal value was determined by one's contribution to the social order, which made training and education the primary factor in such a determination

The phenomenon whereby a person concretely embodies a set of beliefs that are often counter-cultural and for this reason difficult for others to internalize on their own, better enabling such internalization for those others.

Personalized Embodiment

The principle that states there is no way of doing something for others until one first learns how to receive whatever gift the other has to offer, which requires one's willingness to accept one's own neediness.

Principle of Gifted Dependency

A phrase that identifies the priority of the 'being with' rather than merely 'thinking about' disabled persons; these priorities presuppose that being is prior to knowing, and that a person's concrete presence in the here and now is what must take priority over abstract thinking about 'disability' in generalized or theoretical ways.

Priorities of Being

According to Reinders what are the two types of reasons that he thinks govern how most people today think morally about the birth of a disabled child?

Quality of life reasons (QL) and the Moral Standing of the fetus (MS)

An approach to moral maturity that, often relying on Kantian schemes of justice reasoning, emphasizes cognitive faculties, premised on a capacity for rational abstraction such that progressively fewer individuals reach higher and higher levels of ethical achievement. As an approach, RMM is severely limited in its capacity to explain the moral transformation that caregivers of disabled persons often experience through their relationships with disabled persons.

Rationalist Moral Maturity

In any exchange, this term identifies the way in which persons calculate the value of the exchange based upon an imagined or supposed reciprocal obligation.

Reciprocal calculation

A kind of relationship in which the various agents come to a knowledge of the other, not through some speculative, abstract premise based mode of knowing, but rather by responding to one another's intentions and actions.

Relationship of Responsive Activity

In any exchange, this term identifies the way in which a giver or receiver might be perceived by others in the act of the exchange, and consequently how this perception then contributes to their overall self-image, self-esteem, or identity.

Reputational gain

The sense of self-consciousness or self-awareness that remains even while a person's cognitive faculties are in decline.

Residual self-consciousness

A mode of discourse, especially significant for the field of disability studies insofar as it is often used against disabled persons, that introduces the concept of 'risk' within a context that is thoroughly statistical and which assumes that rationality and choice can be meaningfully tied to percentages of risk. The goal of this discourse is to construct an "appropriate" or "numerically rational" sense of anxiety, which is tied to those features of procreation that are susceptible to genetic analysis. "It thus foregrounds a statistical, medical, age-related, universal and wholly individual model of risk" (R. Rapp, Testing Women Testing the Fetus, 2000, p. 70).

Risk Discourse

The practice of placing oneself in the presence of the other—physically, emotionally, spiritually, intellectually—in order to open a space of mutual centering so as to overcome the destabilizing atomization that differences may introduce.

Self-Presencing

The practice within disability encounter of transforming shame—the various negative feelings associated with being marginalized—into an other-oriented moral maturity, which may include capacities for sound moral judgment, agency, empathy, perspective-taking, and altruistic love or compassionate care. This practice is predicated upon the belief that a community centered recovery from shame is part of moral transformation.

Shame Transformation

Which of the following best summarizes the distinction between actual and future persons in a variation on the DPC argument?

Since future persons do not yet exist, and since genetic testing for prevention is directed to future persons, the conclusion intended is that existing persons with disabilities are in no way involved in the use of gene technology for prevention.

Which of the following expresses what Reinders sees as the inadequacy of the liberal convention to account for the required convictions and beliefs necessary to sustain any reasonable moral position?

Since it cannot prioritize any particular conviction or belief about the good, public morality within the liberal convention depends upon other particular substantial views of the good and meaning that cannot fit into its structure

The perennial problem, most often associated with disability, whereby those with a disability are excluded from various forms of social interactions. There are primarily 3 causes: 1) disability itself; 2) negative attitudes of others toward a disability; 3) self-imposed by avoidance of certain social interactions. Insofar as social exclusion is a problem for all persons, human disability provides valuable insight into coping with social exclusion/rejection and how to alleviate it.

Social Exclusion/Rejection

Human vulnerability viewed as a source of communion and unity with others, predicated upon an offering of mutual need for one another. See also 'communion of hearts'.

Source vulnerability

The peculiar form of relationship that derives from the economy of language as practiced in conversation, discourse, and dialogues; the way in which we relate to others through language

Speech Relation

The connection that derives from a shared spiritual life, which often transcends the connectedness of both language and intellect and has often been found to be an integral component of care for disabled persons.

Spiritual Adhesion

The word etiology can be defined as:

Study of causes

Those aspects of our lives that we undergo, often against our will, that have a negative connotation by blocking our positive desires and wants; it denotes those frustrations for which we can give no satisfying explanation and which we cannot make serve some wider end. In this way, 'suffering' names a sense of brute power that does violence to our best laid plans; (active) to bear with, permit, or endure something brought upon us

Suffer (passive)

A peculiar form of freedom, characteristic of our late modern world, in which the purpose of human beings is seen almost exclusively as a result of freedom understood as an end in itself (telos = 'end', 'purpose,' 'goal.').

Teleological Freedom

This 15th C religious figure fell deaf and wrote books in reaction to the solitude that deafness brought about:

Teresa de Catagena

What sort of understanding of the body was evoked through the phenomenon of the 'freak show'?

That a person can be only a body, since 'freaks' were only bodies without the humanity that is often conferred by social structures

What does it mean to say that disability is a 'self-reiterative category of experience?'

That disability becomes a category in which a person constantly performs the manifestation of his or her identity as a self

According to Reinders, what is the primary thrust of MacIntyre's 'narrative conception of personal identity'?

That identity depends on the correspondence between a first person description of oneself and an other-person description of oneself

Which of the following is the most accurate expression of the DPC Argument?

That since one can validly distinguish (D) between a person (P) and her genetic condition (C), doctors and geneticists are justified in their clinical practices since these merely seek to eliminate the condition rather than the person

Which of the following best summarizes Schindler's argument made in his piece "Homelessness as the Modern Condition"?

That the love that is proper to the family can and should become paradigmatic for sorts of relations that constitute our social fabric

According to Reinders, what is the key core of all liberal moral resources?

That they focus on freedom and equality

What did Gregory Nazianzus refer to as the new city?

The Besileias

What does Brock enlist as a strategy for getting beyond so called historiographical impasse and why?

The Communion of Saints, because it is the only community that can move beyond difference, otherness, and diversity in favor of the true, one, and holy unity intended by God.

Which of the following most accurately identifies the god of deism?

The God who, like a watchmaker, winds up creation and lets it run without any intervention

Which of the following best explains the linguistic theme involved in determining the sort of questions Reinders believes ought to guide any inquiry into the ethics of genetic prevention of disabilities?

The aim at this stage is to describe the convictions and beliefs that inform the moral vocabulary used in discussing these topics in society.

What does an historical analysis of the term 'normal' reveal?

The appearance of 'the normal' in 19th c. Europe made the 'ideal' a positive deviation and the 'grotesque' a negative deviation enabling a tyranny of 'the normal' to arise

Which of the following is the subject of rights according to Locke?

The autonomous individual adult fully able to dispose of his possessions and person who is this independent

Which of the following best describes the historiographical impasse that Brock explains faces the Theology of disability in its historical aspirations?

The challenge of figuring out, with respect to historical texts, how to move between the positions both radical discontinuity/ radical difference and uncritical continuity/radical sameness

In what way is the narrative of Bird and his son a narrative about constancy and truthfulness?

The conflict involved not asking theoretical questions concerning when one may end the life of a disabled child, but rather whether one can abandon those who constitute one's identity and still be faithful to oneself

According to Lee Silver, what two forms of human beings will arise in the future?

The enhanced and the unenhanced

Which of the following is NOT a reason that Reinders thinks genetic testing will have a negative effect upon persons with disabilities?

The growing knowledge of genetic disorders will enable us to learn how to better prepare ourselves to become the kind of society that welcomes them.

Insofar as the notion of the 'person' is a central component of the liberal convention, as Reinders understands it, where does that leave the notion of 'non-persons'?

The inclusion of non-persons in liberal society depends upon factors like potentiality, or the interest of their relatives

Which of the following is an accurate characterization of the manualist vs. oralist debate among the wider society of deaf persons?

The manualists, resisting the assumption that speech is the defining characteristic of rationality, argued for the virtue of sign language as a more natural form of communication since it was closer to what is pre-linguistic

Which of the following best characterizes the way that Reinders assesses the current state of disability in the Western World today?

The normalization-prevention paradox: since disabled persons are here, we are going to try to care for them as best we can, however everyone would probably be better off if disabled persons were not here

According to Fukuyama, what imperatives justify his claim that liberalism is the "end-station" for all political arrangements?

The reliance on science and technology for prosperity and advance, and the final value of equal dignity of all persons

Which of the following best characterizes Aquinas' understanding of the body-soul relation in the human being?

The soul is subsistent form of the body, while the body is in the soul as its outward expression, or what it looks like in the material order

A mode of inclusion based upon the belief that all human beings, independent of their abilities, their gifts, their talents, their potentials, are created in the image of God and therefore destined for eternal friendship with God. Contrary to the liberal convention, or an anthropology of liberal citizenship, theological inclusivity argues for understanding inclusion not with respect to being equal citizens in our institutions, but for inclusion as fellow human beings in our lives, that is, as contributing to the moral fabric of an inescapably shared moral context

Theological Inclusivity

Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning what Hauerwas believes about those who suffer?

They are revelatory in that they show us who are not suffering the fragility of our human condition and our shared helplessness

What was one of the most important contributions made by the Cappadocians to their posterity's practices of caring for the disfigured/disabled and outcast?

They created the first hospitals as an institution for care and cure even including physicians as part of their staff

How does Hauerwas evaluation the so-called "obvious" belief that suffering should be prevented whenever and wherever we can?

This belief may appear obvious, but it needs to be reconsidered since it can lead to oversimplifications.

Through which anthropological lens does Reinders interpret the phenomenon of self-esteem and why?

Through the lens of the liberal convention because he argues that self-esteem is simply and entirely a matter of the self outside any relationship to others.

What does the word 'suffering' mean in its most basic sense?

To undergo, or to be subject to something

The presupposition, widespread in our late modern Western world, that knowledge of opinions that come from a professional, cannot possibly be questioned by those outside that particular professional's area of expertise. Becoming involved with a disabled person means being given the power to see beyond this tyranny in ways that others often cannot.

Tyranny of the Professional

A primary stressor that researchers have found in the lives of caregivers of those with disabilities, especially dementia, that identifies the lack of certainty regarding prognosis and outcomes, as well as what is known about what the person with dementia understands or feels

Uncertainty Stressor

A principle of love that involves the practice of being present to someone in a complete mode, where all of one's attention is being given in the act of love.

Undistracted presence

The practice of revealing to a person, through a mutual interaction, his or her value as a human being.

Value Revelation

A virtue exclusive to the human person through which he or she is enabled to understand his or her identity as dependent upon others.

Virtue of Acknowledged Dependence

The practice of revealing to a person, through a mutual interaction, his or her calling within the human family.

Vocational Revelation

The belief, found in the thought of Jean Vanier, that life is a "mystery of growth from weakness to weakness"(BH, 39): from the weakness of the little baby to the weakness of the aged. Human life begins and ends in weakness.

Weakness Trajectory

What is one of the key questions that arises for Hauerwas in his examination of the question about whether we ought to prevent 'retardation'?

What kind of people ought we become so that certain forms of suffering are not denied but accepted as part of our existence as moral agents?

What is one of the primary strategies that Hauerwas presents as a way to engage human suffering?

to interpret its presence as something that a person can claim as integral to his or her identity