Theories of Motivation

Relevant Question

A question which ACTUALLY pertains to the event in the question Where you at the scene of the crime of the murder that day?

Control Question

A question which gives a baseline of the participants physiological response Have you ever stolen anything?

which of the following is true regarding Maslows humanistic hierarchy of needs? a) the most basic motives are based on physiological (health, food, water) B) the highest motive and ultimate goal is self actualization C) one need must be satisfied before moving on to the other D) all of the above

ALL OF THE ABOVE

Drive reduction theory

A need causes a drive that motivates a behavior to return the body to homeostasis

Using emotions

Having a good system of emotions and putting things into perspective that are important (Having a good sense of creativity)

Understanding emotions

Predicting and changing emotions (Understanding that an emotion is based off of how one has been treated )

Emotion

Response involving physiological arousal , expressive behaviors, and conscious experience

Paul Eckman

Leading researcher on facial expressions and emotion Conducted a series of cross cultural studies looking for universals in facial expressions in emotions The Fore people

Feel good, do good phenomenon

Peoples tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood Holding the door open for somebody

What are the emotional intelligence components

Perceiving emotions Understanding emotions Managing emotions Using emotions

Relative Deprivation

Perception that we are relatively worse off than those we compare ourselves with

Happiness

State of well being characterized by emotions ranging from contentment to extreme, intense joy

Maslows Hierarchy of needs ( from top to bottom)

Self Actualization Esteem Belonging(love, affection, etc) Safety Physiological

Emotional intelligence

The ability to be aware of ones feeling

Achievement motivation example

You work on your jump shot in basketball everyday after school so that you can be the best basketball player In the state of Illinois and win tons of individual trophies.

Dr. Rachel Jacks New Research

Combined afraid/surprised and angry/disgusted due to similar facial expressions Learned that there is really 4 basic emotions Afraid/surprised Angry/disgusted Happy Sad

Humanistic theory

Once physiological, safety, belongingness, and esteem needs are met the individual is motivated to become the best person they can be

Polygraph Accuracy

Accurately 75% Physiological arousal Is the Same from one emotion to the other

Achievement motivation

Behavior is motivated by a competitive desire to overcome challenges and be the best at a particular task.

Incentive theory

Behavior is motivated by an EXTERNAL stimuli ; to gain rewards or avoid punishments

Optimal arousal theory

Behavior is motivated by an attempt to reduce boredom or decrease overstimulation

Instict theory example

Birds fly south in the winter

Managing emotions

Expressing emotions in the right place and time

Microexpressions

Facial expressions that last no longer than 1/25th of a second Demonstrates their emotions UNCONSCIOUSLY in their actions

Do good, feel good

General, random acts of kindness

Greg studies HARD in all of his class because he knows he will get an A. Marsha studies hard in all of her classes because she really ENJOYS LEARNING AND BECOMING A BETTER STUDENT.

Greg is EXTRINSICALLY MOTIVATED Marsha is INTRINSICALLY MOTIVATED

6 basic emotions

Happiness Anger Fear Sadness Surprised Disgust

Subjective Well Being

Happiness/Satisfaction with life is determined by the INDIVIDUAL. Uplifts

Polygraph

Machine commonly used to in attempts to detect lies Measures physiological responses and emotions Changes in perspiration, heart rate, blood pressure, changes in breathing

Instict theory

Naturally ocururring tendencies that motivate behavior

Objective Well Being

Physical/Economic indicators to evaluate people's happiness (Money)

Schacters 2 Factor

Physiological arousal at the same time COGNITIVELY appraising the environment

Cannon bard

Physiological reaction and the emotion are assumed at the SAME TIME

James Lange

Physiological reaction leads to the labeling of an emotion

Facial feedback hypothesis

Provides feedback to the brain concerning the emotion that is being expressed which in turn causes intensity to the emotion that is being represented Example Sad and happy

Perceiving emotions

Recognizing the emotions that people are showing

Adaptive Level Phenomenon

To form judgments relative to a neutral level defined by our PAST experiences. Always wanting more than what is given A desire for more of something

Humanistic theory example

You are a successful business person who has everything they need; food, shelter, friends, and confidence. As a result of having all of those you sign up to mentor an intern at the office because it will make you a better person.

Drive reduction theory example

You are hungry so you must find something to eat

Optimal arousal example

You are looking for some excitement in your life so you decide to go skydiving

Incentive theory example

You go to the job that you hate because they pay you very well