Understanding Business Chapter 12
INjunction
A court order directing someone to do something or to refrain from doing something
Yellow-dog contract
A type of contract that required employees to agree as a condition of employment not to join a union; prohibited by the Norris-LaGuardia Act in 1932
strike
A union strategy in which workers refuse to go to work; the purpose is to further workers' objectives after an impasse in collective bargaining
Open shop Agreement
Agreement in right-to-work states that gives workers the option to join or not join a union, if one exists in their workplace
secondary boycott
An attempt by labor to convince others to stop doing business with a firm that is the subject of a primary boycott; prohibited by the Taft-Hartley Act
Lockout
An attempt by management to put pressure on unions by temporarily closing the business
Union
An employee organization whose main goal is representing its members in employee-management negotiation of job-related issues
American Federation of Labor
An organization of craft unions that championed fundamental labor issues; founded in 1886.
craft union
An organization of skilled specialists in a particular craft or trade
Agency shop agreement
Clause in a labor-management agreement that says employers may hire nonunion workers; employees are not required to join the union but must pay a union fee.
Union Shop Agreement
Clause in a labor-management agreement that says workers don't have to be members of a union to be hired, but must agree to join the union within a prescribed period
Closed Shop Agreement
Clause in a labor-management agreement that specified workers had to be members of a union before being hired (was outlawed by the Taft-Hartley Act in 1947)
Certification
Formal process whereby a union is recognized by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) as the bargaining agent for a group of employees
Industrial Unions
Labor organizations of unskilled and semiskilled workers in mass-production industries such as automobiles and mining
right-to-work laws
Legislation that gives workers the right, under an open shop to join or not join a union if it is present
American Federation of Labor
Limited membership to skilled workers (Craftspeople)
Union Security Clause
Provision in a negotiated Labor-management agreement that stipulates that employees who benefit from a union mus either officially join or at least pay dues to the union
Knights of Labor
The first national labor union; formed in 1869.
Collective Bargaining
The process whereby union and management representatives form a labor-management agreement, or contract, for workers
Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)
Union Organization of unskilled workers; broke away from the AFL in 1935 and rejoined it in 1955
Sexual Harassment
Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other conduct (verbal or physical) of a sexual nature that creates a hostile work environment
cooling-off period
When workers in a critical industry return to their jobs while the union and mangement continue negotiations
givebacks
concessions made by union members to management; gains from labor negotiations are given back to management to help employers remain competitive and thereby save jobs
arbitration
the agreement to bring in an impartial third party (a single arbitrator or a panel of arbitrators) to render a binding decision in a labor dispute)
bargaining zone
the range of options between the initial and final offer that each party will consider before negotiations dissolve or reach an impasse
mediation
the use of a third party, called a mediator, who encourages both sides in a dispute to continue negotiating and often makes suggestions for resolving the dispute
shop stewards
union officials who work permanently in an organization and represent employee interests on a daily basis
primary boycott
when a union encourages both its members and the general public not to buy the products of a firm involved in a labor dispute
strikebreakers
workers hired to do the jobs of striking workers until the labor dispute is resolved
Negotiated Labor-management agreement (Labor Contract)
Agreement that sets the tone and clarifies the terms under which management and labor agree to function over a period of time
Decertification
The process by which workers take away a union's right to represent them