Unit 1 Chapter 3 AP US Gov

Which state has legalized the use of marijuana for recreational purposes? A. Oregon B. South Dakota C. Iowa D. Oklahoma

A. Oregon

Which key figure has lessened the possibility for relaxed laws on marijuana? A. President Obama B. President Trump C. Attorney General Gonzales D. Attorney General Sessions

A. President Obama

The Controlled Substances Act is an example of Congress exercising which constitutional power? A. Their authority to prohibit illicit substances. B. Their authority to overrule a president's veto. C. Their authority to levy taxes. D. Their authority to regulate interstate commerce.

A. Their authority to prohibit illicit substances.

Federalism can be defined as: A. a system of government that divides power between the state and national governments. B. a system of government in which the states hold most of the power. C. a system of government in which the national government holds most of the power. D. a system of government in which one central authority holds all power.

A. a system of government that divides power between the state and national governments.

Powers that are specifically granted to the national government in the Constitution are known as: A. expressed powers. B. implied powers. C. specific powers. D. exclusive powers.

A. expressed powers

Which group assisted Edith Windsor in filing suit against the federal government? A. the ACLU B. the LGBT Community Center in New York C. the New York state government D. the Canadian government

A. the ACLU

Why did the appeals court rule in favor of Raich and Monson? A. The appeals court felt that Raich and Monson had no other choice of treatment. B. The appeals court believed that DEA raids restricted rights given to them by the state. C. The appeals court upheld precedent that state laws overrule federal laws. D. The appeals court knew that this would be an important decision in the case of medical marijuana.

B. The appeals court believed that DEA raids restricted rights given to them by the state

Which statement BEST describes Justice Kennedy's opinion in Obergefell v. Hodges? A. The Constitution allows for the right of marriage, including same-sex marriage. B. The right to marry is a fundamental right. C. The Defense of Marriage Act is unconstitutional as a whole. D. States must recognize and honor all types of marriages.

B. The right to marry is a fundamental right

A unitary system of government is one in which: A. the national government shares power with subnational governments. B. the central government has power over all subnational governments. C. the subnational governments have most of the power. D. a single executive has total power over all subnational governments.

B. the central government has power over all subnational governments.

The following question(s) refer to the passage. The idea of a [unitary] government involves in it, not only an authority over the individual citizens, but an indefinite supremacy over all persons and things, so far as they are objects of lawful government. . . . In [that] case, all local authorities are subordinate to the supreme; and may be controlled, directed, or abolished by it at pleasure. In [a federal system], the [regional] authorities form distinct and independent portions of the supremacy, no more subject, within their respective spheres, to the general authority, than the general authority is subject to them, within its own sphere. —James Madison, Federalist No. 39 Which constitutional concept is best reflected in the passage? Dual federalism Cooperative federalism Separation of powers Constitutional supremacy

Dual federalism

In 1993, Congress enacted the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act, mandating that anyone seeking to buy a firearm must first undergo a federal background check. One provision in that act required state law enforcement officials to conduct those background checks. In Printz v. United States (1997), the Supreme Court declared that portion of the act to be unconstitutional, reasoning, "The Federal Government may not compel the States to enact or administer a federal regulatory program." Which constitutional provision most logically and directly supports the Court's conclusion in the quoted language? Tenth Amendment Necessary and proper clause Supremacy clause Second Amendment

Tenth Amendment

necessary and proper clause

grants the federal government the authority to pass laws required to carry out its enumerated powers. Also called elastic clause.

categorical grants

grants-in-aid provided to states with specific provisions on their use

full faith and credit clause

constitutional clause requiring states to recognize the public acts, records, and civil courts proceedings from another state

privileges and immunities clause

constitutional clause that prevents states from discriminating against people from out of state

selective incorporation

the process through which the Supreme Court applies fundamental rights in the Bill of Rights to the states on a case-by-case basis

extradition

the requirement that officials in one state return a defendant to another state where a crime was committed

revenue sharing

when the federal government apportions tax money to the states with no strings attached

concurrent powers

powers granted to both states and the federal government and the Constitution

Which is an example of a result of the victory in United States v. Windsor? A. A same-sex couple whose marriage will now be recognized by both their state of residence and the federal government. B. A same-sex couple whose marriage will be recognized and honored by all states. C. A same-sex couple whose marriage will be recognized by all states, but not at the federal level. D. A same-sex couple whose marriage will be treated the same as an opposite-sex marriage.

D. A same-sex couple whose marriage will be treated the same as an opposite-sex marriage

Powers that are retained for the people and the states, which are not given to the national government, are: A. supreme B. concurrent powers C. absolute powers D. reserved powers

D. reserved powers

dual federalism

a form of American federalism in which the states and the nation operate independently in their own areas of public policy

cooperative federalism

a form of American federalism in which the states and the national government work together to shape public policy

federal system

a system where power is divided between the national and state governments

unitary system

a system where the central government has all of the power over subnational governments

confederal system

a system where the subnational governments have most of the power

block grant

a type of grant-in-aid that gives state officials more authority in the disbursement of federal funds

federalism

A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments

Fifteenth Amendment

African Americans can vote

Why did the Supreme Court rule against Raich and Monson even though their marijuana usage was for personal reasons? A. Marijuana was illegal, and it did not matter what the purpose for using it was. B. Marijuana was considered a commodity that would have to be regulated by the federal government. C. There is a market for marijuana that substantially impacts interstate commerce. D. There is no proven benefit of using marijuana for medical purposes

B. Marijuana was considered a commodity that would have to be regulated by the federal government

Which statement BEST summarizes the effect Raich and Monson's legal challenge had on the question of authority under the American federal system? A. It paved the way for the legalization of Schedule I drugs such as marijuana. B. It set precedent for others to use marijuana for approved medical purposes. C. It raised questions about the boundaries between the powers of the federal and state governments. D. It set precedent that federal laws should overrule state laws.

C. It raised questions about the boundaries between the powers of the federal and state governments

Which statement BEST summarizes how the national government and state government conflicted in the case of Angel Raich and Diane Monson? A. The use of marijuana for medical treatment was illegal under state law but legal under federal law. B. The national government did not think state law should be in conflict with federal law. C. The use of marijuana for medical treatment was legal under state law but illegal under federal law. D. The state government did not think the federal government had a right to restrict the rights of citizens.

C. The use of marijuana for medical treatment was legal under state law but illegal under federal law.

Powers that only the national government has are known as: A. expressed powers. B. implied powers. C. exclusive powers. D. enumerated powers.

C. exclusive powers.

In a confederal system: A. the national government shares power with subnational governments. B. the national government has power over all subnational governments. C. the subnational governments have most of the power. D. the Articles of Confederation is the governing document.

C. the subnational governments have most of the power.

In the case of Angel Raich and Diane Monson, the question was: A. whether or not marijuana was legal. B. whether or not marijuana could be used for medical purposes. C. whether or not state law superseded federal law. D. whether or not the national government had the power to ban marijuana.

C. whether or not state law superseded federal law

Fourteenth Amendment

Provides a person born in the United States the label of a citizen and prohibits states from denying a person due to process and equal protection under law

Which of the following statements best describes the impact of the Supreme Court's decision in McCulloch v. Maryland? The Court ruled that states have authority over commercial activity within their borders, weakening national power. The Court ruled that creating a national bank fell within the national government's enumerated powers, confirming national power. The Court ruled that the necessary and proper clause allows the national government to create banks, strengthening national power. The Court upheld a division of power between the states and the national government by allowing states to tax national banks within their borders.

The Court ruled that the necessary and proper clause allows the national government to create banks, strengthening national power.

The following question(s) refer to the passage. The idea of a [unitary] government involves in it, not only an authority over the individual citizens, but an indefinite supremacy over all persons and things, so far as they are objects of lawful government. . . . In [that] case, all local authorities are subordinate to the supreme; and may be controlled, directed, or abolished by it at pleasure. In [a federal system], the [regional] authorities form distinct and independent portions of the supremacy, no more subject, within their respective spheres, to the general authority, than the general authority is subject to them, within its own sphere. —James Madison, Federalist No. 39 Which of the following statements best describes the author's perspective and reasoning? The powers that the Constitution would grant to the national government will not intrude upon the power of state governments. The supremacy clause will subordinate state governments to the federal sphere. The U.S. Constitution should be ratified because a unitary government is preferable to the Articles of Confederation. Lawful government has the authority to make any laws it deems necessary and proper for effectuating a peaceful society.

The powers that the Constitution would grant to the national government will not intrude upon the power of state governments.

By holding that Congress may regulate activity that is neither interstate nor commerce under the Interstate Commerce Clause, the Court abandons any attempt to enforce the Constitution's limits on federal power . . . —Justice Clarence Thomas, dissenting opinion, Gonzales v. Raich Which of the following statements best describes the viewpoint conveyed in the quotation? The Tenth Amendment established a federal system of government where powers are reserved to the states. The commerce clause allows the federal government to regulate commercial activity within each state. The system of federalism is threatened by the national government's expansion of power under the commerce clause. The federal government's authority under the commerce clause applies to interstate and commercial activity.

The system of federalism is threatened by the national government's expansion of power under the commerce clause.

Federal nutrition guidelines require public schools to serve healthy lunches to students and limit the amount of "junk food" available in vending machines. A state seeking to challenge these nutrition rules should cite which of the following cases? McCulloch v. Maryland Gibbons v. Ogden United States v. Lopez None of these cases could serve as precedent.

United States v. Lopez

supremacy clause

establishes the Constitution and the laws of the federal government passed under its authority as the highest laws of the land

Julia is part of the _______________________________________________ government, which gives her the authority to coin money, declare war, and make treaties.

federal

grants-in-aid fiscal

federal money provided to states to implement public objectives

unfunded mandate

federal requirements that states must follow without being provided with funding

commerce clause

grants Congress the authority to regulate interstate business and commercial activity

Thirteenth Amendment

outlaws slavery

enumerated or expressed powers

powers explicitly granted to the national government through the Constitution; also called expressed powers

reserved powers

powers not given to the national government, which are retained by the states and the people

implied powers

powers not granted specifically to the national government but considered necessary to carry out the enumerated powers

exclusive powers

powers only the national government may exercise

tenth amendment

reserves powers not delegated to the national government to the states and the people; the basis of federalism.

devolution

returning more authority to state or local governments