Unit 10 Study Guide - 𝕗𝕦𝕔𝕜 𝕓𝕚𝕥𝕔𝕙𝕖𝕤 𝕘𝕖𝕥 𝕞𝕠𝕟𝕖𝕪

How can we fight bacterial infections?

Antibiotics

What is a pathogen

Bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease.

How is passive immunity similar to active immunity?

Both don't require time to become immune, they can fight against the infection instantly

How can viruses reproduce?

By infecting living cells and reprogramming it to make more viruses.

What are 3 different ways a virus can enter a host cell?

- entry by fusion with plasma membrane - entry by endocytosis of virion - entry by direct injection

Examples of indirect contact

1. Breathing infected air 2. Touching infected surfaces

What are the 2 ways someone can transfer a pathogen to someone else?

1. Direct 2. Indirect

Examples of direct contact

1. Kissing 2. Intercourse 3. Handshaking

What is a vector ?

A carrier of a disease or medication

What is the first line of defense against pathogens that your body uses?

Innate immune system

What to antibiotics to to bacterium?

Kill bacteria, mess up the bacteria

Which cell causes no immediate harm to the host but can cause disease later?

Lysogenic

Which cycle causes the host cell to die right away?

Lytic

Are viruses alive?

No, their lack of cells and replicative ability prevents them from being classified as alive.

Do antibiotics work on viruses?

No, they only work with bacteria

What is the basic structure of a virus

Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid. Virus may be naked or enveloped.

Where does passive immunity come from?

Parents

How does a prion cause problems

Prion diseases occur when normal prion protein, found on the surface of many cells, becomes abnormal and clump in the brain, causing brain damage.

How is a prion different from a virus

Prions do not contain nucleic acids.

What other body systems help the immune system do its job?

Skeletal system

What are antibodies?

Substances created in the body to attack specific foreign substances called antigens.

Why can't viruses attack your skin?

Viruses cannot replicate in, or be transported across, dead cells

Are bacteria alive?

Yes

What is active immunity and where does it come from?

antibodies that develop in a person's own immune system after the body is exposed to an antigen through a disease or when you get an immunization

What is the job of the immune system?

protect the body against pathogens