US History (Global Affairs)

"Like multi-national companies today, United Fruit made alliances when and where it could to survive. It sought out malleable elements: politicians with whom it could cut a deal and presidents-in-exile awaiting their call to sail back to power. United Fruit might even help find a boat. Its efforts showed that as long as it did not unduly offend the contemporary mores of its home base, then it could probably get away with much overseas. Its levels of bribery in Honduras in the 1920's did prompt a debate in the US Congress, which concluded that that was the way business was done in such parts of the world." - Excerpt from Bananas: How the United Fruit Company Changed the World, by Peter Chapman, 2007. - - - - - - - - - Using the excerpt, what is the common term given to the Latin American countries whose economies were indirectly controlled by the United Fruit Company in the 19th and 20th centuries?

"Banana Republics" "Banana republics" is the common term given to the Latin American countries whose economies were indirectly controlled by the United Fruit Company in the 19th and 20th centuries. This term applied to countries such as Honduras. As the country was dwindling it was usually ruled by a dictator who served the economic interests of the United Fruit Company and supported by the United States.

·Refers to the pursuit of foreign policy objectives with the aid of conspicuous displays of military power. ·The stronger nation implies a direct threat of warfare, should the weaker nation refuse to cooperate. - - - - - - - - Which term describes this type of diplomacy, which was used specifically to describe American actions during Panama's revolution?

"Gunboat Diplomacy" When a nation uses the threat of force or conspicuous displays of firepower to influence foreign policy, it is referred to as "Gunboat Diplomacy". President Theodore Roosevelt utilized this tactic to secure Panama's independence from Colombia; in exchange the United States was able to secure access to what would become the Panama Canal.

Of the following statements, which one BEST reflects an anti-imperialist attitude of the late 19th century?

"It is not necessary to own people to trade with them." As imperialist fervor grew in the late 19th century around the world, there were many US citizens that adopted an anti-imperialist attitude, often insisting "it is not necessary to own people to trade with them"

"Uncle Sam on the back of a black man" - - - - - - - - This drawing from an 1899 edition of Life magazine is a satire of the imperialist philosophy known as

"White Man's Burden." The imperialist philosophy of "White Man's Burden" held that it was the tiresome duty of the United States and western European countries to "civilize" and "look after" areas in the Pacific, Asian, and African regions. This cartoon plays on that notion, but alerts the viewer that it could be that the true burden lies with the people in those lands.

The Open Door policy introduced by John Hay in 1899 sought to preserve the territorial integrity of

China John Hay's open door policy sought to save China from the surrounding countries that were anxious to divvy up the country as it struggled politically and economically. During the late 1800's, many different countries had various interests in parts of China.

In exchange for control of the Panama Canal Zone, the United States helped Panama declare its independence from

Colombia. When Colombia rejected the financial terms offered by the United States to build a canal through the Colombian province of Panama, President Roosevelt sent warships in support of Panamanian independence.

Which country did America support during the Spanish American war?

Cuba Cuba was at war for its independence from Spain in the late 1890's. Americans sympathized with the Cubans with wanting independence.

"(America) goes not abroad in search of monsters to destroy. She is the well-wisher to the freedom and independence of all. She is the champion and vindicator only of her own. She well knows that by once enlisting under other banners than her own, were they even the banners of foreign independence, she would involve herself, beyond the power of extrication.... She might become the dicta-tress of the world: she would be no longer the ruler of her own spirit." -John Quincy Adams, July 4, 1821 - - - - - - - - Mr. Adams's words would MOST LIKELY have been used by people in the late 1800s who opposed

imperialism. Though Adams spoke these words over 70 years before the Spanish-American War, his sentiments would be echoed by the foes of imperialism in the late-1800's. Anti-imperialists believed that becoming involved in foreign affairs solely for the purpose of providing them political freedom was disingenuous and, actually, self-serving. Of course, Adams was not talking of American involvement in Cuba, the Philippines, and elsewhere, since that was not a possibility in 1821.

"I believe our people would welcome any action on the part of the United States to put an end to the terrible state of things existing there (in Cuba)...We can stop it, in my judgment, by pursuing a proper diplomacy and offering our good offices. Let it once be understood that we mean to stop the horrible state of things in Cuba and it will be stopped. The great power of the United States, if it is once invoked and uplifted, is capable of greater things than that." Henry Cabot Lodge, 1898 - - - - - - - - This opinion expresses views associated MOST closely with

imperialists. Henry Cabot Lodge was associated with the most conservative faction of the Republican Party known as the imperialists. The American success in the war lead to the United States technically "owning" areas around the world.

A major reason why the United States oversaw the building of the Panama Canal was to

increase the mobility of the U.S. naval fleet. The Spanish-American war made clear the need to increase the mobility of the U.S. naval fleet. Also, the ability to move economic goods more quickly from the Pacific to Atlantic Oceans was a major factor.

The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine called for

intervening in Latin American countries that could not pay their debt to European creditors The Roosevelt Corollary (1904) to the Monroe Doctrine called for intervening in Latin American countries that could not pay their debt to European creditors. The Monroe Doctrine (1823) had pledged to keep European nations from intervening in Latin America, but as the countries there struggled economically in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the U.S. offered to help them rather than let Europe invest there. This was a bigger issue as the U.S. became involved in the Panama Canal project in the early 1900's.

The United States felt that it was important to complete the construction and control of the Panama Canal because

it allowed ships to cross directly between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The completion of the Panama Canal allowed ships to cross directly between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. No longer did ships, American or otherwise, have to sail around the southern tip of South America to access Atlantic or Pacific port. U.S. control of the Panama Canal gave them more power in international trade between the two oceans.

In 1900, the United States advocated the Open-Door Policy because

it worried that European powers would limit foreign trade with China. In 1900, the United States advocated the Open-Door Policy because it worried that European powers would limit foreign trade with China. After acquiring land in the Philippines, the United States began trading more with China. The European powers had gained land in parts of China in the 1800s, and the United States worried that the European powers would divide China and not allow the United States to trade in these parts.

At the end of the Nineteenth Century the United States was motivated to expand its influence overseas because

many believed in the superiority of Anglo-Saxon culture and ability. Though it may sound contrary to the ideals of the country, it is true that a motivation- not the only motivation- to expand U.S. influence was that many believed in the superiority of Anglo-Saxon culture and ability. This is often referred to as Social Darwinism. It is also true that businesses wanted to find new places to export goods and that the U.S. wanted to establish ports in other parts of the world.

Those who favored American imperial expansion in the late 19th and early 20th century believed it would

provide bases for the U.S. Navy. With its Pacific and Caribbean acquisitions, the US gained key locations to use as bases for the U.S. Navy. The Philippines, Cuba, Guam, and Puerto Rico served these purposes nicely.

The Roosevelt Corollary

sanctioned U.S. intervention in Latin American affairs. The Roosevelt Corollary was an extension of the Monroe Doctrine signed in 1824. The Corollary sanctioned US intervention in Latin American affairs.

"Yellow Journalism" during the late 19th century was marked by

sensational headlines and questionable facts. 'Yellow journalism' was a style popularized by William Randolph Hearst's 'New York Journal' and Joseph Pulitzer's 'New York World' . This 'style' was based on sensational headlines and questionable facts and became popular during the Spanish-American War.

The MOST important result of the Spanish American War was that it

set up a colonial empire for the U.S. and set the U.S. on the road to empire. The most important result of the Spanish-American War was that it set up a colonial empire for the U.S. and set the U.S. on the road to empire. The U.S. won influence &/or control in Cuba, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam, and then increased its influence over sovereign states in the region.

On what geographical area did the US concentrate in order to expand its influence during the late 1800's and early 1900's?

the Caribbean Sea The Caribbean Sea, along with parts of the Pacific Ocean, was targeted in the late 1800's and early 1900's to help out with US naval bases and foreign economic markets. This is evidenced by the U.S. involvement in the Spanish-American War in 1898, which resulted in U.S. control over Cuba and Puerto Rico in the Caribbean, and the Philippines and Guam in the Pacific.

In addition to Puerto Rico, which territories were acquired by the United States as part of the peace treaty that ended the Spanish-American War?

the Philippines and Guam The Spanish American War gave the U.S. control of Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam. While the U.S. held power over Cuba, it was technically an independent country.

The Open Door Policy was largely based on

the desire of the U.S. to trade with China on equal terms with European powers. The Open Door policy was largely based on the desire of the U.S. to trade with China on equal terms with European powers.. European nations had long enjoyed beneficial trading terms with China. But as the United States became increasingly involved with international trade following the Spanish-American War, it desired to have unfettered access to Chinese markets.

Before the late 1800's, the United States did not seriously involve itself in overseas expansion largely because it

was primarily concerned with westward expansion and internal problems. The U.S. was primarily concerned with westward expansion and internal problems. These issues included settling west of the Mississippi River, the expansion of slavery, the Civil War, and Reconstruction. In the years following those conflicts, the country began to expand its territorial horizons.

Which term is used to describe the policy of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt towards Latin America in the 1930's?

Good Neighbor Policy FDR's Good Neighbor Policy was aimed at improving relations with our "neighbors" to the south, Latin America. This was mainly a policy of non-intervention in the internal affairs of countries there. After the first decades of the 20th century the United States had greatly involved itself in the affairs of Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Haiti, just to name a few. Such actions had caused a rift between the government- and people- of Latin America and the United States.

Queen Liliuokalani attempted to rid her people of American influence in the late 1800's. Where did she rule?

Hawaii "Queen Lil" was loved by her people in Hawaii, primarily because they were tired of being mistreated by American sugar and fruit planters there. Those planters eventually overthrew her in 1893.

Following the overthrow of its monarchy in 1894, what territory was annexed to the United States in 1898?

Hawaii A group of American and European businessmen orchestrated a coup against Queen Liliuokalani. President McKinley saw this as an opportunity to open the question of Hawaii's annexation.

-The Industrial Revolution -Increased Demand for Raw Goods -????? Which BEST completes the diagram?

Imperialism Imperialism is the act of controlling a weaker nation's social, economic, and political life. As industrialized countries looked to expand their economies through the making and marketing of goods, they realized a strong dependence on natural resources. This in turn led to seeking those resources in other, weaker countries.

Which statement BEST describes the position of American missionaries on the country's imperialism in the late-19th and early-20th centuries?

Imperialism is good because it gives the natives a chance to be converted. Protestant missionaries believed that imperialism was good because it gave the natives a chance to be converted. to Christianity. Many in Asia and Africa were converted, though they continued to be treated poorly by their American masters.

"Theodore Roosevelt and his Big Stick in the Caribbean, 1904" - - - - - - - - This cartoon is referring to

Jingoism The idea of "Big Stick Diplomacy," Teddy Roosevelt's foreign policy, held that the US had a right to militarily intervene in the affairs of neighbors that could not maintain their own sovereignty. This is associated with "Jingoism" which was associated with the practice of imperialism.

Which country's debts prompted the Roosevelt Corollary?

Panama Europe invested large sums of money into the Dominican Republic and other Latin American countries in the late 1800's. President Theodore Roosevelt enacted the Roosevelt Corollary to prevent Europe from using military force against the Dominican Republic in 1904.

After the conclusion of the Spanish-American War, the United States faced stiff opposition—in the form of a guerrilla war—from which of their newly acquired territories?

Philippines In the Philippines, locals did not want to replace one imperial ruler with another. Longing for independence, they were led in a guerilla campaign by Emilio Aguinaldo, a four year conflict which cost 20,000 Filipino and 4,000 American lives.

Which of these is an example of economic transformation that occurred in the early 20th century?

President Taft instituted the practice of "dollar diplomacy" through financial interventions in Central America. President William Howard Taft instituted the practice of "dollar diplomacy" through financial interventions in Central America. The United States used financial resources to further its own interests overseas. Rather than conquering nations with military force, dollar diplomacy sought to exert influence through economic controls.

Which statement offers the best argument AGAINST Theodore Roosevelt's "Big Stick" diplomacy?

Roosevelt used America's military power in an unjust manner in his pursuit of our foreign policy goals.

Which statement offers the BEST support for Theodore Roosevelt's "Big Stick" diplomacy?

Roosevelt was successful in bringing parts of Latin America under control of the United States, including Cuba and the Panama Canal. The statement that offers the BEST support for Theodore Roosevelt's "Big Stick Diplomacy is that Roosevelt was successful in bringing parts of Latin America under direct control of the United States, including Cuba and the Panama Canal. Although the idea of negotiating peacefully, while simultaneously threatening with the "big stick" can be criticized now, it was successful in achieving Roosevelt's goals.

"I have always been fond of the East Africa proverb: 'Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.' -Theodore Roosevelt, January 26, 1900 - - - - - - - - Given this quote and the actions of Roosevelt's presidency, it is MOST likely that in the early 1900s the United States

expanded its military in hopes of becoming a world power. Even though there is not strong evidence that the quote was East African in origin, it foreshadows the rest of the decade in which the U.S. expanded its military in hopes of becoming a world power. This, combined with Roosevelt's use of traditional diplomatic methods, became known as "Big Stick Diplomacy."

"The Opposition tells us that we ought not to govern a people without their consent. I answer, The rule of liberty that all just government derives its authority from, the consent of the governed, applies only to those who are capable of self- government.... I answer, How do you assume that our government would be without their consent? Would not the people of the Philippines prefer the just, humane, civilizing government of this republic to the savage, bloody rule of pillage and extortion from which we have rescued them? " - Albert J. Beveridge, September 16, 1898 - - - - - - - - Based on this statement, Mr. Beveridge would be MOST likely to advocate which policy?

imperialism Albert J. Beveridge would later become a Senator from Indiana and a staunch supporter of imperialism. He is referencing the ongoing U.S. presence in the Philippines, which were awarded to the U.S. after its victory in the Spanish-American War. Though many dissented with his sentiments, pro-imperialist forces won the debate for many decades.

What was the GREATEST impact of the Panama Canal?

It tremendously reduced the travel time between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The completion of the Panama Canal tremendously reduced the travel time between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It cut the travel time from the ports on the east coast of the United States to the Pacific Ocean by roughly two weeks. This, in turn, resulted in lower transportation costs and lower costs of many consumer goods.

According to imperialists, which of these would have been an economic justification for the expansion of the United States?

The nation's manufacturers needed raw materials and new markets were needed for the nation's goods. One of the economic justifications of imperialism was that the nation's manufacturers needed raw materials and new markets were needed for the nation's goods. Imperialists thought foreign trade was a solution to some of America's economic problems.

Which of these is a reason President William McKinley advocated going to war with Spain in 1898?

War was needed to make the region safe for American business and commerce. McKinley believed that war was needed to make the region safe for American business and commerce. Additionally, reports were circulated in the U.S. that rampant torture and terror attacks were being carried out by Spain. Most of these claims were not true, but war broke out anyway.