Vett 130: Veterinary Nursing Care II

**Which type of dog might you suggest feeding extra energy (increased fat and carbohydrates) diets?

Working dogs

The substance used as a sweetener in many products including gum, candy, and baked goods and which can cause hypoglycemia due to insulin release, and possibly liver failure is:

Xylitol

Is it important to clean the eye prior to administering ophthalmic medications?

Yes

**Which of the following are true statements regarding the proper feeding of large breed puppies? (Check all that apply)

- A diet with lower energy density is best, rather than one fed to small breed dogs. - Overfeeding and excess calcium can lead to obesity and to developmental orthopedic disease - Calcium and phosphorus levels are controlled.

** Which of the following should be included in a proper diet fed to working dogs? (Check all that apply)

- Additional vitamins and minerals should be given each day - Food with higher energy, most often in the form of dietary fat - Nutritional requirements are similar to those needed for reproduction/ lactation life stage - Fresh water available at all times

Which of the following are essential fatty acids for cats? (Check all that apply)

- Arachidonic Acid - Linoleic Acid

The water soluble vitamins include which of the following? (Check all that apply)

- B complex and C

The 2 most abundant minerals in the body are: (Check all that apply)

- Calcium - Phosphorus

Why might a good quality canned food be better for cats than a dry food?

- Can more easily mimic the natural diet of cats - Higher protein and lower carbohydrate - Higher water content

Why might a good quality canned food be better for cats than a dry food? (Check all that apply)

- Can more easily mimic the natural diet of cats - Higher protein and lower carbohydrate - Higher water content

What problems can occur in a dog fed whole raw bones? (Check all that apply)

- Constipation - Fractured teeth - Intestinal obstruction - Gastroenteritis

What problems can occur in a dog fed whole raw bones?

- Constipation - Gastroenteritis - Fractured teeth - Intestinal obstruction

Which of the following problems may be seen in a pet fed a poor quality pet food?

- Diarrhea - Pain - Increased volume of feces - Developmental problems in young animals - Oily or dry skin/ poor haircoat

Why would you use topical medications/preparations? (Check all that apply)

- Ear infections that affect the skin - Therapeutic shampoos for certain conditions - Some vaccines can be given in the nose vs injected - Eye infections

Nutritional requirements for dogs are based on which of the following?

- Environmental temperature/ humidity - Breed/ size - Reproductive status - Lifestage - Activity level

What are some of the problems with feeding low cost pet foods?

- Generally, companies that produce cheap foods don't have adequate funding for proper testing of the food. - Low cost foods use cheap, poor quality ingredients - Owners end up buying more pet food than if they had been using a better food. - Dogs must eat larger volumes of the low-quality food to satisfy their need for calories.

Why would you want to administer a small amount of water orally after pilling an animal? (Check all that apply)

- Helps to get the pill down into the animal's stomach - Helps to avoid esophagitis or ulcers

Which of the following statements are true regarding amino acids/proteins? (Check all that apply)

- High quality protein is especially needed during periods of growth, physical exertion, pregnancy, lactation, and for the repair of damaged tissues. - Pets with trauma, an infection, severe sepsis, or burns will increase protein turnover

Water is the most important nutrient and its functions include which of the following? (Check all that apply)

- Lubricant for body tissues - Necessary for temperature regulation - Major component of blood - Used in metabolic process

Which of the following are true with regards to dietary insoluble fiber? (Check all that apply)

- Normalizes transit time through the gut - Adds bulk to feces

Which of the following statements are true with regards to taurine?

- Not found in vegetarian diets - Taurine is nonexistent in plant-based foods - Found in high quantities in meat and fish - Taurine is an essential amino acid for cats

Which of the following are true statements for fat-soluble vitamins?

- Over-supplementation may result in toxicity - Requires bile acids to be passively absorbed through the wall of the small intestines - Stored in the body - Includes Vitamins A,D,E,K

Which of the following statements is true regarding feeding puppies and kittens? (Check all that apply)

- Puppies and kittens have low body fat and hypoglycemia may result if they are fed infrequently

What cells of the body rely almost exclusively on glucose for their energy needs? (Check all that apply)

- Red Blood Cells - Neurons, including brain cells

Which of the following may be seen in cats suffering from taurine deficiency? (Check all that apply)

- Retinal Degeneration - Decreased reproductive success - Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Why should you never allow the pet owner to restrain their own animal? (Check all that apply)

- The animal may bite or scratch the owner who may file a lawsuit. The vast majority of the time, the injured owner will win the lawsuit. - Injury may occur to you or the owner because of improper restraint. - Most owners cannot properly restrain their own animal.

**Which of the following may be used to entice an animal to eat? (Check all that apply)

- Warm the food to room or body temperature - Add water to dry or canned food - Hand feeding - Use of feline facial pheromones in the feeding area of cats.

**Sources of insoluble fiber for dogs and cats include: (Check all that apply)

- Wood - Grass

Which of the following are functions of dietary fat?

--Acts as carriers for Vitamins A,D,E,K --Improves palatability --Concentrated source of energy

Which of the below are dietary sources of protein for dogs and cats?

--Meat --Dairy Products --Plant Sources such as corn, rice, soybeans --Eggs

Routes of administration of medications include which of the following?

-Subcutaneous Route -Oral Route -IV Route -Intradermal Route

** Adult cats require ___________ times as much protein as adults of omnivorous species.

2-3

The energy content of proteins is approximately

3.5 kcal energy/gram

The energy content of fats is approximately:

8.5 kcal energy/gram

It is difficult for cats to digest carbohydrates because __________.

Cats lack salivary amylase, the enzyme responsible for initiating carbohydrate digesting, and have low activity of pancreatic amylase which aids in the breakdown of carbohydrates in the small intestines

The most common vein used for IV catheterization is the

Cephalic

Which vein is the most accessible and convenient vein to use for IV injections, drawing blood, and for inserting IV catheters?

Cephalic Vein

In cats, Linoleic, Linolenic, and Arachidonic are examples of:

Essential Fatty Acids

Administer medications by the SQ route is recommended in the dehydrated or critically ill patients when immediate absorption of the drug is needed.

False

Cats and small dogs should always have blood drawn only from the cephalic vein.

False

Cats are always easier to restrain for a long period of time plus are more easily dominated than dogs are.

False

More restraint for all animals is always preferred.

False

Taurine is available from both animal and plant sources.

False

The quality of the pet food can be determined based on the ingredient list of the food

False

** What molecule is formed in the digestion / break-down of carbohydrates in the digestive system?

Glucose

Injecting medication by which of the following routes may result in the following complications: --Injection into or puncture of the sciatic nerve --Incorrectly injecting the medication into a vein --Generally more painful than other types of routes

IM route

On the pet food label, in what order are the ingredients listed?

Ingredients are listed in order by weight, with the heaviest first and the lightest last.

The micro-mineral whos functions include: hemoglobin/myoglobin and oxygen transport; a component of enzymes is:

Iron

The micro-mineral whose functions include: hemoglobin/myoglobin and oxygen transport; a component of enzymes is:

Iron

In the diagram, D is pointing to the:

Lateral Saphenous Vein

The term which describes: "Nutrients not required in the diet. The animal's body is able to manufacture these nutrients from foods."

Non-essential Nutrients

Week 2

Nutrition I; Nutrients

Week 3

Nutrition II; Pet Foods

The form of eye medication that is viscous and exits the tube in a ribbon and is best placed in the animal's conjunctival sac is a/an:

Ointment

With regards to diet, cats are considered to be __________.

Omnivores

With regards to diet, dogs are considered to be __________.

Omnivores

If a moderate to large amount of ____________ is fed to pets, this may result in damage to red blood cells with the identification of Heinz bodies in RBCs on microscopic evaluation of the blood. Cats are usually more susceptible to this toxicity but dogs are also at risk.

Onions/ garlic

A good way to medicate an animal that has not eaten in several days includes all of the following except:

Oral route

The macro-mineral whose functions include: role in muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission, acid-base balance is:

Potassium

When counseling a client who wants to prepare a homemade diet for their cat or dog, you should recommend which of the following?

Refer to a veterinary nutritionist who will be able to provide the owner with a well formulated diet for the pet.

Week 1

Restraint; Administration of Meds

On which part of the eye should you apply a solution medication?

Sclera

Exam 1

Second Attempt

For IM injections: On the diagram, A is pointing to the:

Semimembranosus/semitendinosus muscle group of the caudal thigh

The form of eye medication that is a liquid that is best placed on the animals sclera is a/an:

Solution

Clinical signs of blindness, reproductive failure, and development of dilated cardiomyopathy may be seen in cats eating a long term diet poor in___________.

Taurine

**An animal changing from a canned diet to a dry diet will have an apparent increase in thirst.

True

Analysis of a food's performance by feeding protocols involves giving the food to living dogs under specific conditions. Therefore, it provides a more biological evaluation of a product than laboratory or computer methods.

True

Fat soluble vitamins can be stored in the body so that a daily intake is not required.

True

Feeding instructions included on pet food labels should be used as a starting point then adjust the amount based on the animal's body weight and physical exam findings.

True

In dogs and cats, insoluble fiber cannot be digested.

True

It is important to administer water orally to an animal after it has been given a pill.

True

Mother's milk contains all of the following: water, protein, fat, vitamins, minerals.

True

Overheating foods may affect the quality of the food as heating can denature proteins.

True

Overheating foods may affect the quality of the food as heating can denure proteins.

True

Which of the following is a characteristic of a generic or private label brand of pet food?

Usually consist of poorer quality ingredients with lower digestibility and poorer quality control

Pets that consume warfarin-based rodent poisons can bleed to death without emergency supplementation of ________________.

Vitamin K

In the diagram, C is pointing to:

Lumbodorsal Muscles

Transdermal medication is absorbed from the

Skin

Exam 1

Weeks 1-3

The macromineral whose functions include: composition of bone and teeth; important in blood clotting, nerve transmission is:

Calcium

When administering a medication IV, once the needle is in the vein, what should you always do first?

Aspirate the syringe to make sure that the needle is in the vein prior to injecting the medication

When administering a medication IV, once the needle is in the vein, what should you always do first?

Aspirate the syringe to make sure that the needle is in the vein prior to injecting the medication.