Water: Most important essential nutrient for the body
TOP 6 FACTORS IMPACTING WATER INTAKE
#1) overall health/ current physiological state #2) Salt #3) Habitat/ environment changes #4) Level of physical activity #5) Lactation #6) diet type/ composition that is fed regularly
Functions of water
-acts as a solvent for cellular reactions -Transport medium for nutrients and waste products -Thermogenesis - essential for digestion and absorption -required fo the process of hydrolysis -needed for waste elimination by the kidneys
Majority of kidney disease that are acquired, fall into what categories?
-acute kidney failure (or injury) -chronic kidney disease
Dietary factors that contribute to urinary tract struvite crystals are....
-amount of water in the food -caloric density -fat content -digestibility
Constant source of water is required to replace continuous daily losses from?
-urine -feces -respiration
A loss of only ____% of body water is life-threatening
10
Dogs will voluntary drink when body water decreases by ___% or less
4
% of water dry food contains
7-12
Fecal water loss usually accounts for a very small loss in our healthy dogs and cats because water is reabsorbed across the?
GI tract [large intestine] and returned to body
Water requirements for waste excretion and thermoregulation ?
INCREASES
Chronic kidney disease=
a disease that has been present for a long time
Acute kidney disease/injury=
a severe condition with a relatively sudden onset and clinical signs that become apparent over a period of a week or a month
Who is more likely to under consume water?
cats
Hydrolysis
chemical reaction that splits a compound by adding water
______ ________ _______ is a common cause of severe illness in cats
chronic kidney disease
Thermogenesis
controls body temperature by absorbing heat produced during metabolism
Importance of kidneys in nutrition is??
elimination of waste products
What produces the greatest amount of metabolic water?
fat metabolism
How much water do cats require?
general guideline is amount of water is equivalent to amount of kilocalories of energy consumed daily
What other organ might not be functioning to its potential if there is excessive water loss??
kidneys
What is important of regulation of body temperature that also results in loss of water
panting
struvite formation of the urinary tract
process of forming stones in the kidney, bladder, and urethra
In our cats, decreased urine volume and production of highly concentrated urine are important risk factors for the development of??
struvite formation
What can happen in felines if the kidneys and their filtering system break down?
toxic waste can start to build up in the bloodstream and could lead to further complications or even death
Why are cats more capable to produce more concentrated urine?
underconsumption of water and evolutionary adaptation that helps conserve water loss
Greatest loss of volume of water is from?
urinary excretion
Panting
very rapid, shallow inhalations/ exhalations increases respiratory water and heat losses
Can kidney disease be inherited?
yes
Amount of calories consumed also impacts water intake by?
-energy intake increase -metabolic waste production increases -heat from nutrient metabolism increases
Daily intake for canine and feline is obtained through what sources?
-food -drinking water -metabolic water
Common signs that may indicate kidney disease/ injury in canines and felines is?
-increased water consumption and urination -bladder emptying during sleep -frequent use of litter box or need to go outside -depression -diarrhea -vomiting -anemia
How much water does an average adult dog require?
1 ounce of water per 1 pound of body weight
About _____% of lean adult body weight is water
70
Many tissues are composed of what % of water
70-90
% of water can foods contain
78
Cats usually do not voluntary drink water until they lose as much as ____% of body water
8