A&P final

Arrange the following list of biochemical events in the correct sequence (1) An action potential is conducted deep into the muscle fiber by the T tubule (2) Calcium ions bind to troponin (3) the membranes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum become more permeable to calcium ions (4) Calcium ions diffuse into the sarcoplasm around the myofibril (5) the troponin-tropomyosin complex moves exposing active sites

1,3,4,2,5

What does active transport require

ATP

Which type of transport proteins use cell energy to move molecules across the plasma membrane

ATP-powered pumps

A substance composed of two or more different types of atoms is a

Both compound and molecule are correct

A charicterist of lipids are that they

Can insulate and help prevent heat loss

Which type of cell has abundant mitochondria?

Cardiac muscle cells (require large amounts of ATP)

Which of the following systems carries necessary compounds like oxygen and nutrients throughout the body

Cardiovascular

The energy stored in ATP is form of ________ energy.

Chemical

Which type of cell forms cartilage

Chondroblast

As cell division begins, DNA in the nucleaus condenses to form

Chromosomes

The outer surface of the hair is called the

Cuticle

Sucrose is formed when the simple sugars fructose and glucose are covalently bonded. This reaction releases water. What type of reaction is this?

Dehydration

Which type of connective tissue is found in tendons and ligaments

Dense regular collagenous tissue

which of the following sityations occurs in electrically excitable cells

Depolarization causes voltage-gated Na+ channels to open

Epithelial tissue that can stretch or is subjected to stress would have

Desmosomes

the nervous system A. monitors internal and external stimuli B. transmits information in the form of action potentials C. interprets or assesse information D. maintains homeostasis E. all of the choices are correct

E. all of the choices are correct

Which of the following tissue change occurs when the permeability of blood vessels increases during inflammation

Edema

WHich type of tissue forms linings or coverings

Epithelial tissue

Whihc if the following anatomical feature of bones is correctly matched with its function?

Foramen, a hole for blood vessel

Which of the following correctly lists the arrangment of componets found in a third class lever

Fulcrum, pull weight

What is the microscopic study of tissues

Histology

what produces a layer of cells that resist abrasion

Keratinization

Which of the following cell structures is correctly matched with its function

Microtubules - cell support

A person lying with his/her face down is said to be in whar position

Prone

Channel proteins

Provide a tunnel through which ions or molecules can enter or leave the cell

Which organelles are the sites of protein synthesis

Ribosomes

Which organ system is the location of blood cell production

Skeletal

Thin skin has only four epithelial strata. It lacks which of the following?

Stratum lucidum

an action potential occurs when

The local potential reaches threshold level

A DNA base sequence is ATGCCG. The sequence of bases in a strand of mRNA transcribed from this sequences of bases in DNA would be

UACGGC

troponin has

a calcium binding site

the lacrimal glands constantly produce

a fluid called tears

An antagonist is

a muscle working in opposition to another muscle

An organelle is

a small structure within a cell

synaptic vesicles in the neuromuscular junction contain

acetylcholine

What do T Tubules conduct

action potentials deep into the muscle fiber

Normal pH range for bloos is 7.35 to 7.45. If blood pH falls below 7.35

an imbalance called acidosis results

the middle, thin, spider like meninx is the

arachnoid mater

which of the following would you obseve in a patient with a tumor of the cerebellum

balance impairment

A _____ is a type of joint that is multiaxial allowing a wide range of movement

ball and socket

You are an airborne molecule that dissolves in the fluid covering the olfactory epithelium. Which of the following must you do in order to depolarize neurons in the olfactory epithelium?

bind to receptor molecules on the olfactory hair membrane

Ligaments attach

bone to bone

Vitamin A, a fat-soluble vitamin, would move across the plasma membrane into the cell

by dissolving in the lipid bilayer

The primary mineral in bone is

calcium

which type of muscle tissue causes contraction of the heart

cardiac muscle

example of a short bone

carpal bone

condroblasts produce

cartilage matrix

which of the following is responsible for problem-solving skills

central nervous system

Which type of cells are covered with microvilli for increased absorption

columnar cells of small intestines

color vision is a function of

cone cells

Adipose tissue

contains large amounts of extracellular matrix

Lack of acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft would result in

continuous stimulation of the postsynaptic membrane

which of the following is not a function of the cerebellum

control the heart rate

when blood vessels become surrounded by concentric lamella forming osteons, the bone will grow in

diameter

An X-ray determines that Peter fractured the shaft of his humerus. The break is in the _____________ of the bone.

diaphysis

The movement of oxygen from the alveoli of the lungs into the bloodstream is an example of

diffusion

Where is the enteric nervous system located?

digestive tract

Solubility refers to the ability of one substance to _______ in another

dissolve

the thickest of the meninges is the

dura mater

articular cartilage covers

ends of bones in synovial joints

sysmpathetic stimulation of the postganglionic cells of the adrenal medulla causes the release of

epinephrine and norepinephrine

What is the site of longitudinal growth in long bones?

epiphyseal plate

The four primary tissue types are

epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous

whihc if the following statements about bone remodeling and repair is correct

exposure of a bone to increased mechanical stress can lead to bone remodeling

facial expression is regulated by the ____ nerve

facial

When you hold out your hands with the palms up, __________ your wrists will tip your palms toward you.

flexing

The area of greatest visual acuity is the

fovea centralis

the adductor longus is named for its

function and size

Sam is curling very heavy weights and suddenly drops them. Which reflex forced this action by Sam to prevent tendon damage?

golgi tendon reflex

identify the statement that best differentiates gray matter and white matter

gray matter consists of cell bodies and dendrites, whereas white matter consists mostly of myelinated axons

damages to the vestibulocochlear nerve would result in some loss of

hearing and balance

The propwe sequence of events in bone repair is

hematoma formation, callus formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone

the glenoid cavity is where the

humerus articulates with the scapula

Reachtions that use water to split molecules apart are called _______ reactions

hydrolysis

which brain areas serves as the major control center of the autonomic nervous system and endocrine system

hypothalamus

an example of adaptation of sensory receptors

ignoring the presences of clothes

For most chemical reactions, an increase in temperature will cause the reaction rate to

increase

when a skeletal muscle contracts to cause a given movement, the more movable end of attachment of the muscle is called its

insertion

the opposite of eversion is

inversion

the electrical properties of cells are the result of

ion concentration differences across the plasma membrane

which portion of the brainstem is continuous with the spinal cord

medulla oblongata

the sensory receptor of the stretch reflex is the

muscle spindle

the brachial plexus supplies nerves that function to contract which of the following

muscles of the arm and forearm

skeletal muscle develops from cells called

myoblasts

The sites where a chemical substance is transmitted from the presynaptic terminal of an axon to the postsynaptic membrane of a muscle fiber are called

neuromuscular junctions

Hyperventilation causes the loss of large amounts of CO2 from the body, decreasing the amount of H+ in solution. As a result,

none of these choices are correct

A sarcomere extends from

one Z disk to an adjacent Z disk

which of the following cranial nerves does not innervate extrinsic eye muscles

optic

visual input is sent to the brainstem via the _____ nerve, whereas the _____ nerve sends facial sensations to the brainstem

optic, trigeminal

The cell type that is responsible for maintaining bone once it has been formed is the

osteocyte

Cells that maintain bone are called

osteocytes

A function of the Golgi Apparatue is

packaging and distributation of proteins and lipids

the _____ divsion of the ANS functions mainly under ordinary, restfull conditions

parasympathetic

Which of the organs listed below is not directly innervated by the autonomic nervous system?

pectoralis major

The covering of the outer surface of bone is the

periosteum

Vision is dependent upon

photoreceptors

A joint that consists of two opposing flat surfaces of around the same size is a

plane joint

Phospholipids have a hydrophilic end which is

polar and water soluble

which of the following is true during the resting membrane potential

potassium is concentrated primarily inside the cell

the sequences of events that produces growth at the epiphyseal plate is

proliferstion, hypertrophy, calcification, cell death, ossification, and remodeling

Rotating the forearm so that the palm faces posteriorly is called

pronation

the ability to localize the position of the body part is called

proprioception

important functions of the skeletal system include

protection of the brain and soft organs

If you break the lateral bone of your forearm, you have fractured your

raduis

what are osteoclast responsible for

reabsorption

The study of the bodys organization by areas is

regional anatomy

The plasma membrane

regulates movement of materials into and out of the cell

The integumentary system

requlates body temperature

which of the following are associated with the retina

rods and cones

A vertical plane that separates the body into riight and left portions is called a _____ plane

sagittal

sensory receptors for balance are found in the

semicircular canals

Epithelium that is primarily secretory in function would most likely be

simple cuboidal

which type of muscle tissue would cause flexion and extension of the arm

skeletal muscle

The type of muscle found in the walls of blood vessels is

smooth

depolarization of the plasma membrane occurs when there is a rapid influx (inflow) of

sodium ions

An anatomical image created from the sound waves is a

sonogram

When people smoke cigarettes, they damage some of their taste buds. Which type of sense has been damaged by the smoking?

special

The epidermis of the skin is composed of

stratified squamous epithelium

Most of the joints in the appendicular skeleton are _____ joints

synovial

The sensation of hearing occurs when sensory impulses from the ears are transmitted to the auditory cortex in the __________ lobe from the __________ nerve.

temporal, vestibulocochlear

A band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone is a(n)

tendon

Nucleotides are

the building blocks of nucleic acids

the type of muscle fatigue know as "psychological fatigue" is the result of

the emotional state of an indiviual

Concentric contractions occur when

the muscle produces increasing tension as it shortens.

The ribs articulate with the ________ of the vertebrae.

thoracic

the motor (efferent) divison of the peropheral nervous system

transmits impulses from the CNS to effectors, such as skeletal muscle

Those ribs that attach directly to the sternum are referred to as _____ ribs.

true

Mitosis forms

two daughter cells with the same amount of DNA as the parent cell

which of the following muscles is part of the rotator cuff

unfraspinatus

whihc nerve has branches that extend to the thoracic and abdoninal viscera

vagus nerve

a deer hunter lost the hearing in his right ear after his gunexploded when he tried firing it. his hearing lost is the result of damage to the _______ nerve

vestibulocochlear

which of the following cranial nerves is exclusively sensory

vestibulocochlear (VIII)

Channels that open or close in response to changes in the electrical charge or voltage across the plasma membrane are called

voltage gated channels

Osmosis is the diffusion of ____ across a selectively permeable membrane

water

The active sites to which cross-bridges attach are found on the

z disk