A&P final
Arrange the following list of biochemical events in the correct sequence (1) An action potential is conducted deep into the muscle fiber by the T tubule (2) Calcium ions bind to troponin (3) the membranes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum become more permeable to calcium ions (4) Calcium ions diffuse into the sarcoplasm around the myofibril (5) the troponin-tropomyosin complex moves exposing active sites
1,3,4,2,5
What does active transport require
ATP
Which type of transport proteins use cell energy to move molecules across the plasma membrane
ATP-powered pumps
A substance composed of two or more different types of atoms is a
Both compound and molecule are correct
A charicterist of lipids are that they
Can insulate and help prevent heat loss
Which type of cell has abundant mitochondria?
Cardiac muscle cells (require large amounts of ATP)
Which of the following systems carries necessary compounds like oxygen and nutrients throughout the body
Cardiovascular
The energy stored in ATP is form of ________ energy.
Chemical
Which type of cell forms cartilage
Chondroblast
As cell division begins, DNA in the nucleaus condenses to form
Chromosomes
The outer surface of the hair is called the
Cuticle
Sucrose is formed when the simple sugars fructose and glucose are covalently bonded. This reaction releases water. What type of reaction is this?
Dehydration
Which type of connective tissue is found in tendons and ligaments
Dense regular collagenous tissue
which of the following sityations occurs in electrically excitable cells
Depolarization causes voltage-gated Na+ channels to open
Epithelial tissue that can stretch or is subjected to stress would have
Desmosomes
the nervous system A. monitors internal and external stimuli B. transmits information in the form of action potentials C. interprets or assesse information D. maintains homeostasis E. all of the choices are correct
E. all of the choices are correct
Which of the following tissue change occurs when the permeability of blood vessels increases during inflammation
Edema
WHich type of tissue forms linings or coverings
Epithelial tissue
Whihc if the following anatomical feature of bones is correctly matched with its function?
Foramen, a hole for blood vessel
Which of the following correctly lists the arrangment of componets found in a third class lever
Fulcrum, pull weight
What is the microscopic study of tissues
Histology
what produces a layer of cells that resist abrasion
Keratinization
Which of the following cell structures is correctly matched with its function
Microtubules - cell support
A person lying with his/her face down is said to be in whar position
Prone
Channel proteins
Provide a tunnel through which ions or molecules can enter or leave the cell
Which organelles are the sites of protein synthesis
Ribosomes
Which organ system is the location of blood cell production
Skeletal
Thin skin has only four epithelial strata. It lacks which of the following?
Stratum lucidum
an action potential occurs when
The local potential reaches threshold level
A DNA base sequence is ATGCCG. The sequence of bases in a strand of mRNA transcribed from this sequences of bases in DNA would be
UACGGC
troponin has
a calcium binding site
the lacrimal glands constantly produce
a fluid called tears
An antagonist is
a muscle working in opposition to another muscle
An organelle is
a small structure within a cell
synaptic vesicles in the neuromuscular junction contain
acetylcholine
What do T Tubules conduct
action potentials deep into the muscle fiber
Normal pH range for bloos is 7.35 to 7.45. If blood pH falls below 7.35
an imbalance called acidosis results
the middle, thin, spider like meninx is the
arachnoid mater
which of the following would you obseve in a patient with a tumor of the cerebellum
balance impairment
A _____ is a type of joint that is multiaxial allowing a wide range of movement
ball and socket
You are an airborne molecule that dissolves in the fluid covering the olfactory epithelium. Which of the following must you do in order to depolarize neurons in the olfactory epithelium?
bind to receptor molecules on the olfactory hair membrane
Ligaments attach
bone to bone
Vitamin A, a fat-soluble vitamin, would move across the plasma membrane into the cell
by dissolving in the lipid bilayer
The primary mineral in bone is
calcium
which type of muscle tissue causes contraction of the heart
cardiac muscle
example of a short bone
carpal bone
condroblasts produce
cartilage matrix
which of the following is responsible for problem-solving skills
central nervous system
Which type of cells are covered with microvilli for increased absorption
columnar cells of small intestines
color vision is a function of
cone cells
Adipose tissue
contains large amounts of extracellular matrix
Lack of acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft would result in
continuous stimulation of the postsynaptic membrane
which of the following is not a function of the cerebellum
control the heart rate
when blood vessels become surrounded by concentric lamella forming osteons, the bone will grow in
diameter
An X-ray determines that Peter fractured the shaft of his humerus. The break is in the _____________ of the bone.
diaphysis
The movement of oxygen from the alveoli of the lungs into the bloodstream is an example of
diffusion
Where is the enteric nervous system located?
digestive tract
Solubility refers to the ability of one substance to _______ in another
dissolve
the thickest of the meninges is the
dura mater
articular cartilage covers
ends of bones in synovial joints
sysmpathetic stimulation of the postganglionic cells of the adrenal medulla causes the release of
epinephrine and norepinephrine
What is the site of longitudinal growth in long bones?
epiphyseal plate
The four primary tissue types are
epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous
whihc if the following statements about bone remodeling and repair is correct
exposure of a bone to increased mechanical stress can lead to bone remodeling
facial expression is regulated by the ____ nerve
facial
When you hold out your hands with the palms up, __________ your wrists will tip your palms toward you.
flexing
The area of greatest visual acuity is the
fovea centralis
the adductor longus is named for its
function and size
Sam is curling very heavy weights and suddenly drops them. Which reflex forced this action by Sam to prevent tendon damage?
golgi tendon reflex
identify the statement that best differentiates gray matter and white matter
gray matter consists of cell bodies and dendrites, whereas white matter consists mostly of myelinated axons
damages to the vestibulocochlear nerve would result in some loss of
hearing and balance
The propwe sequence of events in bone repair is
hematoma formation, callus formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone
the glenoid cavity is where the
humerus articulates with the scapula
Reachtions that use water to split molecules apart are called _______ reactions
hydrolysis
which brain areas serves as the major control center of the autonomic nervous system and endocrine system
hypothalamus
an example of adaptation of sensory receptors
ignoring the presences of clothes
For most chemical reactions, an increase in temperature will cause the reaction rate to
increase
when a skeletal muscle contracts to cause a given movement, the more movable end of attachment of the muscle is called its
insertion
the opposite of eversion is
inversion
the electrical properties of cells are the result of
ion concentration differences across the plasma membrane
which portion of the brainstem is continuous with the spinal cord
medulla oblongata
the sensory receptor of the stretch reflex is the
muscle spindle
the brachial plexus supplies nerves that function to contract which of the following
muscles of the arm and forearm
skeletal muscle develops from cells called
myoblasts
The sites where a chemical substance is transmitted from the presynaptic terminal of an axon to the postsynaptic membrane of a muscle fiber are called
neuromuscular junctions
Hyperventilation causes the loss of large amounts of CO2 from the body, decreasing the amount of H+ in solution. As a result,
none of these choices are correct
A sarcomere extends from
one Z disk to an adjacent Z disk
which of the following cranial nerves does not innervate extrinsic eye muscles
optic
visual input is sent to the brainstem via the _____ nerve, whereas the _____ nerve sends facial sensations to the brainstem
optic, trigeminal
The cell type that is responsible for maintaining bone once it has been formed is the
osteocyte
Cells that maintain bone are called
osteocytes
A function of the Golgi Apparatue is
packaging and distributation of proteins and lipids
the _____ divsion of the ANS functions mainly under ordinary, restfull conditions
parasympathetic
Which of the organs listed below is not directly innervated by the autonomic nervous system?
pectoralis major
The covering of the outer surface of bone is the
periosteum
Vision is dependent upon
photoreceptors
A joint that consists of two opposing flat surfaces of around the same size is a
plane joint
Phospholipids have a hydrophilic end which is
polar and water soluble
which of the following is true during the resting membrane potential
potassium is concentrated primarily inside the cell
the sequences of events that produces growth at the epiphyseal plate is
proliferstion, hypertrophy, calcification, cell death, ossification, and remodeling
Rotating the forearm so that the palm faces posteriorly is called
pronation
the ability to localize the position of the body part is called
proprioception
important functions of the skeletal system include
protection of the brain and soft organs
If you break the lateral bone of your forearm, you have fractured your
raduis
what are osteoclast responsible for
reabsorption
The study of the bodys organization by areas is
regional anatomy
The plasma membrane
regulates movement of materials into and out of the cell
The integumentary system
requlates body temperature
which of the following are associated with the retina
rods and cones
A vertical plane that separates the body into riight and left portions is called a _____ plane
sagittal
sensory receptors for balance are found in the
semicircular canals
Epithelium that is primarily secretory in function would most likely be
simple cuboidal
which type of muscle tissue would cause flexion and extension of the arm
skeletal muscle
The type of muscle found in the walls of blood vessels is
smooth
depolarization of the plasma membrane occurs when there is a rapid influx (inflow) of
sodium ions
An anatomical image created from the sound waves is a
sonogram
When people smoke cigarettes, they damage some of their taste buds. Which type of sense has been damaged by the smoking?
special
The epidermis of the skin is composed of
stratified squamous epithelium
Most of the joints in the appendicular skeleton are _____ joints
synovial
The sensation of hearing occurs when sensory impulses from the ears are transmitted to the auditory cortex in the __________ lobe from the __________ nerve.
temporal, vestibulocochlear
A band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone is a(n)
tendon
Nucleotides are
the building blocks of nucleic acids
the type of muscle fatigue know as "psychological fatigue" is the result of
the emotional state of an indiviual
Concentric contractions occur when
the muscle produces increasing tension as it shortens.
The ribs articulate with the ________ of the vertebrae.
thoracic
the motor (efferent) divison of the peropheral nervous system
transmits impulses from the CNS to effectors, such as skeletal muscle
Those ribs that attach directly to the sternum are referred to as _____ ribs.
true
Mitosis forms
two daughter cells with the same amount of DNA as the parent cell
which of the following muscles is part of the rotator cuff
unfraspinatus
whihc nerve has branches that extend to the thoracic and abdoninal viscera
vagus nerve
a deer hunter lost the hearing in his right ear after his gunexploded when he tried firing it. his hearing lost is the result of damage to the _______ nerve
vestibulocochlear
which of the following cranial nerves is exclusively sensory
vestibulocochlear (VIII)
Channels that open or close in response to changes in the electrical charge or voltage across the plasma membrane are called
voltage gated channels
Osmosis is the diffusion of ____ across a selectively permeable membrane
water
The active sites to which cross-bridges attach are found on the
z disk
