Abdominal chapter 3 test

exposure for an AP projection of the abdomen should be taken on

expiration

the medical prefix of stomach is

gastro

which structure is a double fold of peritoneum that connects the transverse colon to the greater curvature of the stomach - "fatty apron"

greater omentum

what structure helps stabilize and support the small intestine

mesentery

the double walled membrane lining the adominopelvic cavity is called the

peritoneum

the pancreas is located where in relation to the stomach

posterierly

A chronic disease involving inflammation of the colon

Ulcerative colitis

why is the right kidney found in a more inferior position than the left kidney

presence of the liver on the right side

What are the projections commonly performed for an acute abdominal series

-AP supine -AP erect or lateral decubitus -PA chest

the large intestine begins in the ____ quadrant with a saclike area called the _____

-RLQ -cecum

the sigmoid colon is located between what

-descending colon and rectum

list the three parts of the small intestine

-duodenum -jejunum -ileum

Which region of the abdomen contains the spleen

Left hypochondriac

Which one of the following structures connects the small intestines to the posterior abdominal wall

Mesentary

What structures MUST be included on an erect abdominal radiograph

psoas major, bilateral diaphragm and lower abdomen as much as possible

Which of the following soft tissue structures are seen on a properly exposed KUB

Psoas muscles

Which quadrant for the appendix in an average person

RLQ

Which quadrant is the cecum for an average person

RLQ

Which quadrant for the Gallbladder in an average person

RUQ

Which quadrant for the Right colic flexure for an average person

RUQ

Which quadrant is the Liver for an average person

RUQ

What vertebral levels for jugular notch

T3

The Xiphoid process corresponds with which vertebral level

T9 and T10

bowel obstruction caused by a lack of intestinal peristalsis

adynamic ileus

A patient with clinical history of a possible umbilical hernia comes to the radiology department. The KUB is inconclusive. Which additional projection can be taken to help confirm the diagnosis

Dorsal decubitus

An important anatomical landmark that is commonly used to locate the center of the abdomen is

Iliac crest

Why is an acute abdominal series performed?

1. Ilius 2. Ascites 3. Post op 4. Bowel obstruction 5. Bowel perforation

the lower margins of the ischial tuberosities are about ____ distal to the symphysis pubis

1.5 in

In general what is SID, cassette size, and kV range for abdominal projections?

40 SID, 14 x 17, 70 to 80 kVp range, 80 +-5 kVp range

What is the minimum amount of time a patient should be upright before taking a projection to demonstrate intra abdominal free air

5 to 10 minutes but 10-20 is preferred for best visualization

A patient comes to the radiology department with a clinical history of Pneumoperitoneum. The patient is able to stand. Which projection best demonstrates this condition

AP erect abdomen

A patient with a possible ileus enters the emergency room. The physician orders an acute abdominal series. The patient can stand. Which specific position best demonstrates air fluid levels

AP erect abdomen

which projection of the acute abdominal series best demonstrates free air under the diaphragm

AP erect/ Decubitus

Density line created when fluid and air seperates.

Air- fluid line

How is patient positioned to prevent rotation on a PA chest projection

Align shoulders posterior ribs and ASIS with equal distances to IR

What is best demonstrated in a dorsal decub abdomen

Aneurysms Calcifications of aorta or other vessels Umbilical hernia

An abdominal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity is called

Ascites

What condition demonstrates radiographically as general abdominal haziness

Ascites

On a erect abdomen the top of the IR should be where on that patient

Axilla area

What technical factor is essential when using computed radiography (CR) to ensure a high quality image is produced

Close collimation

What condition demonstrates radiographically as distended, air filled loops of the small bowel

Crohn's disease

Ileus exposure factor adjustment

Decrease, depending on severity or distention

Free air in the intra abdominal cavity rises to the level of the _____________ in a patient who is in the erect position

Diaphragm

If the PA chest projection is not performed for an acute abdominal series, centering for the erect abdomen projection must include

Diaphragm

The first portion of the small intestines and is the shortest but widest in diameter is called

Duodenum

Which structure stores and release bile

Gallbladder

To identify the inferior margin of the abdomen, the technologist can palpate the symphysis pubis and.....

Greater Trochanter

A patient comes into the ER with the history of Crohn's disease. An acute abdominal series is ordered on this patient. What is the reason for this order

Identify current inflammation

At the junction of the small and large intestines is the

Ileocecal valve

What are the topographic positioning landmarks

Iliac crest, Ischial Tuberosity, Xiphoid process, Pubic Symphysis, Greater Trochanter, Lower costal margin, and Anterior Superior iliac spine(ASIS)

Ascites exposure factor adjustment

Increase, depending on severity

Ovaries matches what location of perioneum

Infraperitoneum

Testes matches with what location of peritoneum

Infraperitoneum

Urinary bladder matches with what location of peritoneum

Infraperitoneum

Within the andominal cavity

Intraperitoneal

Liver matches with what location of peritoneum

Intraperitoneum

Spleen matches what location of perioneum

Intraperitoneum

Stomach matches with what location of peritoneum

Intraperitoneum

Transverse colon matches with what location of peritoneum

Intraperitoneum

The telescoping of a section of bowel into the loop is called

Intussusception

This landmark can be used to determine the lower margin on a PA abdomen with the patient in a prone position

Ischial tuberosity

What vertebral levels for inferior costal rib margin

L2-L3

What vertebral levels for ASIS

L4-L5

the iliac crest is at the level of

L4-L5 vertebrae

Which quadrant for the sigmoid colon in an average person

LLQ

what quadrant is two thirds of the jejunum in

LLQ

Which quadrant for the pancreas in an average person

LUQ

Which quadrant for the spleen in average person

LUQ

Which quadrant for the stomach in an average person

LUQ

what quadrant is the left colic flexure in

LUQ

A patient comes to the radiology department with clinical history of ascites. The patient is unable to stand or sit erect. Which one of the following projections best demonstrates this condition

Left lateral decubitus

A patient with a possible perforated bowel caused by trauma enters the ER. The patient is unable to stand. Which projection best demonstrates any possible free air within the abdomen

Left lateral decubitus

Which specific decubitus position of the abdomen should be used in an acute abdomen series if the patient cannot stand.

Left lateral decubitus

What are the 3 parts of the digestive system

Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas

What modality is most effectively used to evaluate GI motility and reflux

Nuclear Medicine

The double wall membrane lining the abdominal cavity is called

Peritoneum

Cavity incasing the lung

Pleural cavity

Free air or gas in the peritoneal cavity is

Pneumoperitoneum

Adrenal glands matches with what location of peritoneum

Retroperitoneum

Ascending and descending colon matches with what location of peritoneum

Retroperitoneum

Duodenum matches with what location of peritoneum

Retroperitoneum

Pancreas matches with what location of peritoneum

Retroperitoneum

The kidneys match what location of peritoneum

Retroperitoneum

The organs located posterior to or behind the serous membrane lining of the abdominopelvic cavity are referred to as?

Retroperitoneum

A radiograph of an AP projection of the abdomen reveals that the right iliac wing is narrower then the left . What type of positioning error was involved

Rotation to the left

A radiograph of an AP projection of the abdomen reveals that the right iliac wing is wider than the left. What type of positioning error was involved

Rotation towards the right side

What is the best method to control the involuntary motion of a young, pediatric patient during abdominal radiography.

Short exposure time

What does a lateral abdomen position best demonstrate?

Soft tissue masses, umbilical hernia, aneurysms, calcifications

A patient comes in the ER with possible gallstones. This patient is in severe pain. Which of the following imaging modalities or projections provides the quickest method of confirming the presence of gallstones

Sonography

Why will an increase in lung aeration be obtained when a PA chest projection is taken with the patient in an upright position versus a supine or seated position

The diaphragm is allowed to move to its lowest position

List 3 dimensions in which the lung expands and contract during inspiration and expiration

Transverse, Anterior posteriorly, and vertical

The Kidneys are connected to the bladder by way of

Ureter

A KUB radiograph on a large hyperstenic patient reveals that the entire that the entire abdomen is not included on the 35 by 43 cm IR. What can be done to correct this on the repeat radiograph

Use two landscape cassettes

a twisting of a loop of bowel creating an obstruction

Volvus

the central ray is centered at the level of the ___ for a supine AP projection of the abdomen

iliac crest

which portion of the small intestine is considered to be the longest

ilium

which topographic landmark is found at the level of L2-L3

inferior costal margin

What is not an accessory organ of digestion

kidney

which decubitus position of the abdomen best demonstrates intapeitoneal air in the abdomen

left lateral decubitus (free air is best visualized in the upper right abdomen in area of liver)

what abdominal region contains the rectum

pubic

Which abdominal regions contain the left and right colic flexture

right lateral (lumbar) and left hypochondriac or lateral

what organ is not directly associated with the digestive system

spleen

which organ is considered to be part of the lymphatic system

spleen

the prominence of the greater trochanter is about the same level of the

superior border of the pubic symphysis

which topographic landmark corresponds to the inferior margin of the abdomen and is formed by the anterior junction of the two pelvic bones

symphysis pubis

why should a patient be placed in the decubitus position for a minimum of 5 minutes before exposure

to allow intrabdominal air to rise of abdominal fluids to accumulate

why is it recommended to take abdominal radiographs at the end of patient expiration

to increase the room for expansion of the abdominal organs within the abdominal cavity

what is the correct name for the abdominal region found directly in the middle of the abdomen

umbilical