ALL SETS COMBINED!!!!!!!
(Fidel) Castro
Cuban dictator that planned to take over the island nation of Grenada in the West Indies
Townshend Acts
External Taxes, set up a board of customs
Eleanor Roosevelt
FDR's First Lady who helped her husband and was a U.S. delegate to the United Nations
(James A.) Farley
FDR's Postmaster General
(Henry A.) Wallace
FDR's Secretary of Agriculture
(Harold L.) Ickes
FDR's Secretary of Interior
(Frances) Perkins
FDR's Secretary of Labor; first woman to be appointed to a cabinet position
(Cordell) Hull
FDR's Secretary of State
(Henry) Morgenthau, Jr.
FDR's Secretary of the Treasury
Relief, Recovery, and Reform
FDR's Three R's
(Harry S.) Truman
FDR's Vice President that succeeded him after he died of a stroke
Brain Trust
FDR's group of close advisors most of which were college professors
Hundred Days
FDR's plan for massive legislation, social reform, and economic recovery right after his inauguration
court-packing
FDR's scheme to gain a pro-New Deal majority in the Supreme Court
fireside chats
FDR's way of entering American homes via radio
French and Indian War
From 1754 to 1763... French and Indians against the Brittish
1853
Gadsen Purchase
Unconditional Surrender Grant
General Grants nickname
Gustav Line
German fortification line in Italy
Siegfried Line
German fortification line in the West
Hessians
German soldiers hired to fight the colonists
Luftwaffe
German superior air force
U-boat
Germany introduced this boat in World War 1
Big Bertha
Germany's famous gun
Nazism
Germany's socialism in which relies on terrorist aggression, fanatical racism, and antidemocratic nationalism
Central Powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey
Axis Powers
Germany, Italy, and Japan
Congress resolutions on April 19
(1) recognized Cuban independence, (2) called for Spain to withdraw her forces from Cuba, (3) granted permission for the President to use military force to stop the fighting between Spain and Cuba, (4) disavowed any American intention to take control of Cuba
1754-1763
(year-year) of French and Indian War
(Porfirio) Diaz
Mexico's aging dictator overthrown by Francisco Madero
1820
Missouri Compromise that slavery be prohibited in the Louisiana Purchase north of the 36/30 Line
1908
Model T introduced by Ford
1823
Monroe Doctrine that the U.S. would not interfere with European affairs that did not concern it
Era of good feelings
Monroe's presidency term nickname
John Quincy Adams
Monroes Secretary of State
Fourteen Points
President Wilson's plan for peace
(William) McKinley
President during the Spanish-American War
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)
President set up to further U.S. space research and development for defense
Arthur
President who established the merit system
(Gerald R.) Ford
President who officially announced the end of American involvement in Vietnam
(Clement) Atlee
Prime Minister of Great Britain elected instead of Churchill
Tony Blair
Prime Minister of Great Britain who was friends with President Bush united in fighting terror
(Margaret) Thatcher
Prime minister that shared Reagan's ideal of strong traditional values, limited government, free enterprise, and strength against Communist aggression
Morgan
Prince of Expositors
Dix
Promoted humane treatment of the mentally ill
1733
Savannah, Georgia
Scofield
Scofield Reference Bible
Sir Ramsay
Scottish archaeologist who proved that Acts is historically true
Perry
Sealed trade with Japan in 1854
(William J) Bennett
Sec. of Education under Reagan that argued strongly for the return of morality and discipline in classrooms
Jackson
Recieved the nickname Stonewall
Edwin m. Stanton
Removed from office by Johnson
USS Constitution
Renamed Old Ironsides after defeating the Java
Meade
Replaced Hooker
Clinton
Replaced Howe as Commander in chief of brittish army
Thomas Gage
Replaced Hutchison as royal governor of massachusets
McClellan
Replaced McDowell
boycott
Act that hurt the british merchants by not buying their products
John Wilkes Booth
Actor who assasinated Lincoln
1819
Adams-Onis Treaty in which Spain ceded all of Florida
Kelly
American who worked with steel
victory garden
Americans growing their own food so that farm crops could be sent overseas
Battle of New Orleans
Americas most heroic battle of the war of 1812
($) 20 million
Amount United States should pay Spain for the Philippines
(John) Eliot
Apostle to the Indians
R. A. Torrey
Apostle to the Skeptics
Torrey
Apostle to the Skeptics
(Prime Minister Neville) Chamberlain
British leader who signed the Munich Pact
(John Maynard) Keynes
British left-wing economic theoretician who advocated central planning and massive economic and social intervention
William Howe
Brittish troop commander on land
Richard Howe
Brittish troop commander on sea
embryonic stem cell research
Bush's first veto as president
(Walter) Reed
headed a commission to discover a cure for yellow fever
(Chief Justice Earl) Warren
headed the Supreme Court when Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka court case
Homestead act of 1862
most important factor the encouraged westward migration
Battle of lake Erie
most important naval engagement on the Great Lakes
(John L.) Lewis
headed the United Mine Workers and organized the Committee for Industrial Organizations (CIO) within the American Federation of Labor (A.F. or L.)
Iran-Contra
hearings in which the transfer of Iranian-derived funds to the Contras was discussed
Stamp Act Congress
held in 1765 to defend rights of Englishmen, to restore the previous charters, and to resume earned grants to the colonies
Royal Air Force (RAF)
held the Germans at Dunkirk to allow 300,000 to cross the English Channel
Veteran's Bureau
helped disabled veterans
Shields
helped found the Baptist Bible Union
San Juan Hill
hill Rough Riders valiantly charged
(Ferdinand) Megellan
his crew sailed around the world
(Willie) Mays
hit his 600th home run
Washington Conference (for Limitation of Armaments)
hoped to encourage disarmament and ease tensions in the Far East
Reagan Doctrine
idea that Communist aggressors must be stopped before they can attack and enslave a country
Rationalism
idea that man's reason is the sole criteria for truth
Kant
idealist philosopher
partnership for peace
name for Clinton's NATO cooperation with Russia
(Colin) Powell
in command of Operation Desert Storm
Alaska
name of "Seward's Folly" and "Seward's Ice Box"
China-gate
incident in which Clinton accepted illegal money from China for his campaign
Cuban Missile Crisis
incident involving Cuban short-ranged missiles and the U.S.
Bay of Pigs
incident where Kennedy promised to help the Cubans but didn't
Mugwumps
independent minded Republicans
growth of the nation's bank
indicated the increasing prosperity among all classes of people
meat packing houses
industry in Kansas City and Chicago
W. E. Du Bois
influential black Harvard graduate who opposed Booker T. Washington's belief that black Americans could advance themselves faster by working hard than by demanding equal rights
(Vidkun) Quisling
installed in Norway as the head of the Nazi puppet government
sabotage
intentional destruction of property
(Sir John) Hawkins
interfered with Spanish trade by smuggling English goods into Spanish colonies in America for Queen Elizabeth
Hegel
introduced dialectic thinking
British
introduced tanks to the war
(Bill) Gates
introduced the Windows operating system
(Jonas) Salk
introduced the first polio vaccine
Carleton
invented a type of wheat that would grow with very little water
Westinghouse
invented air brake
Glidden
invented barbed wire
Oliver
invented chilled iron plow
Johann Gutenberg
invented movable type printing press in 1440
Pullman
invented sleeping car
Ford
invented the assembly line in 1913
Deere
invented the steel plow
(Tim) Berners-Lee
invented the world wide web
wireless telegraph
invention by Guglielmo Marconi
assembly line
invention of Fords for automobiles which dramatically increased speed and cut the price of the Model T
radio
invention that was the direct result of wireless telephone
central heating system
invention used in large cities to heat by pumping steam, hot water, or hot air from a furnace in the basement instead of using firewood
gas lights, electric lights
inventions used to replace kerosene lanterns
Puerto Rico
island that became a U.S. self-governing commonwealth in 1952
(General) Weyler
issued a "reconcentration order"
Emancipation proclamation
issued by lincoln.. stated that all slaves were free
Rosie the Riveter
names for women who took jobs during the war
Great Plains
nations breadbasket
Mercantile Theory
nations wealth in gold belief that colonies are for the good of the mother country
Dust Bowl
natural disaster that damaged crops of the Midwest during the Great Depression
secretary of energy
new Cabinet position created during the Carter administration
(Mikhail) Gorbachev
new Soviet leader that signed the Intermediate Nuclear Forces Treaty with Reagan
Congress of Industrial Organizations
new name for the (CIO) in which put John L. Lewis as president
doughboys
nickname for America Forces
Carpetbaggers
northern politicians who went south after the war
dime novels
novels about cowboys and Indians mingled with fact and fiction
contraband of war
items that may be seized when headed for and enemy port during war time
Tenure of Office act
kept the president from removing people from office
Sugar Ray Robinson
known for his flawless boxing style
New England colonies
known for numerous churches
Middle colonies
known for religious diversity, called "bread colonies",
southern colonies
known for the Anglican church
Sunday
known for the sawdust trail
Rhineland
land between France and Germany in which Germany demilitarized
Three Mile Island
nuclear power plant whose accident was exaggerated by media to support environmentalism
Barton
nurse who was influential in creating the American Red Cross
Republic of the Philippines
official name of the Philippines
(Ronald) Reagan
oldest man ever to be elected President of the U.S; "Great Communicator"; first President since Eisenhower to serve two full four-year terms; instituted the largest tax cut in American history: 25% over a 3 year period
Kit Carson
one of the best known heroes of the West
(Robert M.) La Follette
one of the early progressive leaders from Wisconsin
Bryan
one of the greatest orators of all time
Iroquois League of Five Nations
one of the largest and most civilized groups on the North American continent
Harry Emerson Fosdick
one of the most popular advocates of the social gospel
spheres of influence
large areas along China's coast where they controlled economic affairs and trade with the outside world
Age of methodism
large growth of methodism during the great awakening
Hoover Dam
largest and most impressive public projects on the Colorado river under Hoover's administration
Pillsbury's mills
largest flour mills in the world
50th anniversary of UN
largest gathering of world dignitaries in history
Hispanics (Latin Americans)
largest minority ethnic group in U.S.
Moral Majority
largest politically active Christian group during the 1980 Presidential campaign
Underwood-Simmons Bill
one of the most significant acts in American history
Columbine
one of the worst school shooting assaults in history
Great Society
largest public welfare program since the New Deal; LBJ's plan to improve education and to eradicate poverty
(James A.) Garfield
last President to be born in a log cabin
Petersburg and Richmond
last confederate cities to fall
Cherokee Mounted Rifles
last confederate group to surrender
Black Codes
laws that put limitations of freedmens rights
Darrow
lawyer saved two men who murdered a 14 year old boy from the death penalty
Aguinaldo
leader from the Philippines who revolted against the U.S.
General Pershing
leader of American Expeditionary Forces
Geronimo
leader of Apaches
Mao Tse-tung
leader of Communist China
(Fulgencio) Batista
leader of Cuba in 1934
(Fidel) Castro
leader of Cuba in 1953; attempted to start a revolution against the Batista government
(Walter) Ulbricht
leader of East Germany who attempted to increase working hours while retaining low wages
(Adolf) Hitler
leader of Germany and led National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazi Party)
Chaing Kai-shek
leader of Nationalist China
(General Tommy) Franks
leader of Operation Enduring Freedom
Martin Luther King, Jr.
leader of civil rights movement
(Lech) Walesa
leader of the Solidarity
(Jimmy) Doolittle
led B-25 bombers in bombing Tokyo and other Japanese cities
(Francisco) Franco
led Spanish socialist government supported by Germany and Italy
(Franklin D.) Roosevelt
only American President to serve more than two successive terms in office
Cleveland
only President to serve two terms not in direct succession with one another
Finland
only country who paid their full debt to the U.S.
(William H.) Taft
only man in history to serve first as President and then as chief justice of the supreme court
rule of reason
only those combinations suspected of constituting an unreasonable restraint of trade should be prosecuted
glasnost
openness
Operation Iraqi Freedom
operation against saddam hussein
Dissenters
opposed Church of England; Puritans and Catholics
Stalwarts
opposed legislation to alter the civil service
Senator Lodge
opposed to accepting the treaty unless steps were takes to ensure against jeopardizing American sovereignity
Organization of American States
organization that replaced the Pan-American Union
United Mine Workers
organization that went on strike and Roosevelt was able to fix
Pan-American Union
organized by a conference started by James G. Blaine
24th Amendment
outlawed poll taxes for national elections
False Ecumenism
outward union of all churches and sects into one organization regardless of doctrinal differences
ecumenism
outward union of all churches and sects into one organization regardless of doctrinal differences
Napoleon Bonaparte
overthrew the directory
Vanderbilt
owned a railroad monopoly in the Northeast; known as the Commodore
Hill
owned the Great Northern railroad
Panic of 1907
panic in which Roosevelt was able to save by negotiating more moderate reforms with big business leaders
greenbacks
paper money not backed by gold or any other valuable metal but by the governments credit
greenbacks
paper money used during the war
(James B.) Weaver
part of the Populist party who ran for President
Mariner II
passed Venus and proved that it was unable to live on
Norris
pastor of the same church for 43 years
Palestine Liberation Organization
peace process between Israel and her Arab neighbors to grant greater autonomy to the Gaza strip
Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin
people in Big Three
Radicals
people who opposed lincoln
Conservatives
people who supported lincoln
(Albert B.) Sabin
perfected the polio vaccine
(Colonel) (Oliver) North
person associated with the Iran-Contra hearings
Charles Beard
person who claimed that economic factors had an overriding influence upon men's decisions and therefore upon the course of history
(Guglielmo) Marconi
person who devised a wireless telegraph
Harry Rimmer
person who in a series of books, pamphlets, and editorials refuted the theory of evolution
(Marshal) Petain
person who led the French surrender
entrepreneur
person who organizes and manages a business undertaking
(Francisco) Madero
person who overthrew Diaz and established a new government and promised to make reforms and to adopt a democratic constitution
(Henry) Ford
person who revolutionized transportation in America
(Upton) Sinclair
person who wrote "The Jungle" which portrayed conditions in Chicago's large meatpacking houses
(Ida M.) Tarbell
person who wrote articles "History of the Standard Oil Company" which attacked practices on big businesses
(Lincoln) Steffens
person who wrote articles "Shame of the Cities" which was a condemnation of corrupt city politics
Francis Gary Powers
pilot of the America reconnaissance plane gunned down over Russian Territory
Kamikazes
pilots flying suicide planes loaded with explosives
Aces
pilots who downed at least 5 enemy aircraft
(Sir Francis) Drake
pirated Spanish ships for Queen Elizabeth; first Englishman to sail around the world
Tiananmen Square
place in Beijing where students and workers gathered for a demonstration of freedom and they were literally mowed over by Communist tanks
Nuremberg
place in Germany where many Nazi leaders were tried for their crimes
Manila
place in the Philippines where the three Japanese columns met, MacArthur retreated from this city
Yalta
place of meeting where FDR gave Stalin part of Poland, let him keep Manchuria, gave him Mongolia; place where it was decided that a permanent world peace organization should be made; *Roosevelt's last conference
Philippine Islands
place where Americans feared Japan would close the Open Door
Puerto Rico
place where General Miles led a U.S. Army invasion
Katyn Forest
place where Russians slaughtered more than 10,000 Polish officers
Saudi Arabia
place where bomb planted in a fuel truck exploded outside an apartment complex
Dumbarton Oaks
place where more concrete plans for a United Nations were drawn up
San Francisco
place where the UN charter was drawn up
Klondike
place where the discovery of gold in 1897 led to a tension with the Alaskan boundary
commission form
plan that increased efficiency in local governments that gave five commissioners broad powers for one year
(Thornton) Wilder
playwriter who wrote "Our Town"
(T. S.) Eliot
poet who wrote "Ash Wednesday" and "Journey of the Magi"
(Robert) Frost
poet who wrote about the natural beauty of New England
Good Neighbor Policy
policy Roosevelt Administration promoted for friendship toward Latin America
square deal
policy Theodore Roosevelt set up for all Americans
Open Door Policy
policy that agreed not to interfere with trade rights of other nations
North American Free Trade Agreement
policy that eliminated tariffs and other trade restrictions between U.S., Canada, and Mexico
Bull Moose Party
popular name for the Progressive party
James
popularized pragmatism
William James
popularized pragmatism
Dunkirk
port where British and French soldiers crossed the English Channel
Red Cloud
powerful Sioux chief
Meyer
practical Christian living
Lee
preached "Payday Someday"
Circuit riders
preachers who rode on horseback preaching to cities
Johnson
president after JFK; won 1964 election
Shays
led farmers and debtors in rebellion against the government in Massachusetts
Foster
led steelworkers strike in 1919
(Field Marshal Erwin) Rommel
led the Afrika Korps; named the "Desert Fox"
Lenin
led the Bolshevik Revolution
(Mao) Tse-tung
led the Chinese Communists
Allen
led the Green Mountain Boys
(Chiang) Kai-shek
led the Nationalist Chinese
Sherman
led the march to the sea and took atlanta
(General Hideki) Tojo
led the militaristic army-controlled ministry in Japan
Coolidge
led the nation through the Roaring Twenties
(Phyllis) Schlafly
led the opposition to the Equal Rights Amendment
(Norman) Schwarzkopf
led the troops into combat in Iraq
(Claire) Chennault
led the volunteer American squadron airmen called the "Flying Tigers"
21st Amendment
legalized the sale of liquor in 1933 by repealing the 18th Amendment
Atomic Energy Act
legislation that cleared the way for private commercial development of atomic power
blitzkrieg
lightning war
Iron Act
limited colonial ironworks
22nd amendment
limited future presidents to two terms in office
10 percent plan
lincolns plan to help the south rebuild
Reagan years
longest period of continuous economic growth since World War II
Young Plan
lowered German reparations and limited how long they had to be paid, it also removed outside supervision and control of Germany
Payne-Aldrich Bill
lowered the rates on some items but kept most rates substantially as they were
26th Amendment
lowered the voting age from 21 to 18
Lindbergh
made first solo flight across the Atlantic in 1927
Gold Standard Act
made gold the sole standard of monetary value
Smith Act
made it a crime to advocate the violent overthrow of the U.S. government or to belong to a group for that purpose
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
made peace between Russia and Germany
Hatch Act
made state funds available to establish agricultural experiments
Charles Lindbergh
made the first solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean
16th Amendment
made the income tax possible
Dawes Plan
made the total German war debt remain the same but the payments were temporarily lowered to help Germany through economic hard times
Administration of Justice Act
made to help make officials bolder in defending justice
NCLB
major educational reform program that the Bush administration implemented in 2002
trunk lines
major lines connecting key points
(John G.) Roberts
man that replaced the Chief Justice during the bush administration
(John) Rolfe
man who married Pocahontas; taught colonists to plant tobacco
Human Genome Project
massive effort to identify all of the approximately 30,000 genes in human DNA
Rimmer
master of apologetics, refuted evolution
Privateers
private vessels commissioned by Congress
(Patrice) Lumumba
pro-Communist Premier of the Republic of the Congo
Cold War
probably the result of Roosevelt's dealings, war that came right after WWII
initiative
process by which a stipulated percentage of voters in a state can begin the passage of a law without waiting for the state legislature to propose the law
(sugar) (coffee) (fruits)
products Puerto Rico was able to expand in the market
Machen
professor at Princeton as professor of New Testament
Food Stamp Program
program expanded during the Ford administration
Operation Bootstrap
program that was launched in Puerto Rico to increase industrial output which benefited their economy
Dewey
progressive education
Prohibitory act
prohibited all trade with the colonies
Fair Housing Act
prohibited discrimination in renting or selling houses
1964 Civil Rights Act
prohibited racial discriminaiton in public places
American Servicemembers' Protection Act
prohibited the U.S. from cooperating with the ICC and furthermore gave the president powers to free all U.S. citizens
18th Ammendment
prohibited the sale of alcoholic beverages
18th amendment
prohibition amendment
Aswan High Dam
project on the Upper Nile that Nasser sought America's and Soviet Union's assistance
McNary-Haugen Bill
proposed the establishment of a government agency to buy farmers surplus crops and then resell them at a loss
Bryan
prosecutor in the Scopes Trial, died 5 days later
political asylum
protection from a repressive government
Smith-Hughes Act
provided federal funds to help highschool's finance agricultural programs
National Budget Act
provided for a unified yearly budget for the federal government
National defense Act
provided for an increase in the size of the army
Sherman Silver Purchase Act
provided for the government to purchase and coin at least a limited amount of silver each month
National Youth Administration (NYA)
provided high school and college students with part-time employment to help complete schooling
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
provided legal justification for U.S. involvement in the Vietnam conflict
North Atlantic Treaty
provided military aid to European nations and other friendly nations
Espionage Act
provided stiff penalties for anyone who furnished information which would aid the enemy
Navajo code talkers
provided the Allies' code that was never broken
Freud
psychoanalysis
war bonds
purchased for the war effort
Volstead Act
put the 18th amendment into effect
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
put thousands of young men working on conservation projects
Queen Liliuokalani
queen who disapproved of the influence of the white settlers on her islands
(Charles E.) Fuller
radio preacher for Old Fashioned Revival Hour
Fordney-McCumber Tariff
raised tariff from 27% to 38.5% and gave the president the right to raise or lower tariff rates as much as 50%
Ford-McCumber Tariff
raised tariff rates
Bartholomew Dias
reached Cape of Good Hope
Treaty of Paris
recognized Cuba not a Spanish possession, and ceded the Philippines to the U.S.
(Winston S.) Churchill
recognized the threat of renewed aggression and global war
scrap drives
recycling materials for the war effort
Teapot Dome Scandal
the biggest scandal to mar the Harding administration
home
the center of life for most Americans
Trail of Tears
the cherokees trip to Oklahoma
Secretary-General
the chief administrative officer of the UN
merrimac
the confederate ironclad ship
Bataan Death March
the course that led American prisoners from Bataan and Corregidor to prison camps
September 11, 2001
the deadliest attack on American soil since pearl harbor
(Battle of the) Philippine Sea
the desperate Japanese attempt to stop the invasion of Saipan
1877
the end of reconstruction when Hayes pulled out the last troops
Earth Charter
the environmentalists religious document
Haugen Bill
the establishment of a government agency to buy the American farmers' surplus crops and then resell them, at a loss, on the world market
hanging chad
the excess paper from the punched hole that was still attached to the ballot
(Benjamin) Franklin
the first American; founded Philadelphia Academy; first internationally known writer
(Tom) Ridge
the first Secretary of Homeland Security
National Conservation Commission
the first attempt to inventory the nation's natural resources
KDKA
the first commercial radio station
ISS
the first permanent human outpost in space
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
the first written Constitution in America
Corregidor
the fortified island which guarded the entrance to Manila Bay
Cheyenne and Arapaho
the gold rush in Colorado upset what two Indian tribes?
Gene Tunney and Jack Dempsy
the heroes of boxing
Hurricane Katrina
the hurricane that affected New Orleans
Saipan
the keystone of the Japanese defenses
Ford Foundation
the largest philanthropic organization in the world
Manhattan Project
the largest research and scientific effort of its day; developed the atomic bomb
Burma Road
the last land route into China
Wounded Knee, South Dakota
the location off the last battle between Indians and federal troops
Bush Doctrine
the logic to move against enemies of freedom on foreign soil rather than waiting for domestic attacks
Comstock Lode
the mine worth $300 million
Paris Peace Pact
the most ambitious attempt at achieving permanent international peace during the 1920 the pact renounced war as a means of settling international disputes
Paris Peace Pact
the most astounding attempt to achieve a permanent peace in Europe
cloning
the most controversial area in bioethics
Nisei (Purple Heart Battalion)
the most decorated infantry unit in all of the U.S. Army
Model T
the most famous automobile ever built
(Jonathan) Goforth
the most famous survivor of the Boxer Rebellion who was a missionary from Canada
Jefforsonian era
the most important period in history of american politics
Leland
the most influential figure for religious freedom in Virginia
Al Capone
the most notorious gangster of the 1920's
(Theodore, Teddy) Roosevelt
the most popular President of the early 1900s
reserve requirement
the percentage of deposits member banks are required to hold in reserve
globalism
the perspective that the world needs to unite under one economic, political, and religious system
inflation
the process in which the supply of money is increased, the value of the dollar declines, and prices go up
automation
the process of increasing efficiency through the use of self-regulating machines
referendum
the proposed law is referred to the voters
discount rate
the rate of interest it charges member banks that borrow money from Federal Reserve Banks
General Assembly
the section of the UN that meets yearly
arbitration
the settlement of a dispute by a person or persons chosen to hear both sides and come to a decision
Nicaragua
the site NOT chosen for building the Panama Canal
Isthmus of Panama
the site chosen for building the Panama Canal
Battle of Chancellorville
the souths costliest victory
Columbia
the space shuttle that exploded in 2003
bioethics
the study of the moral implications and applications of biological research
Boxer Rebellion
the super-patriotic band of Chinese nationalists that tried to drive all foreigners out of China
foreclosure
the taking of their land by mortgage holders
Argentina, Brazil, and Chile
the three ABC powers
skepticism
the truth of knowledge must always be in question
Wake and Guam
the two American outposts between the Hawaiian and Philippine Islands that fell to the Japanese
Belleau Wood and Argonne Forest
the two battles fought in the woods
one-world order
the ultimate goal of the neoconservatists
monitor
the unions ironclad
Standard Oil Trust
the very first trust
Secretariat
the working staff of the UN
Savannah
the world's first nuclear powered merchant vessel
1977
the year Carter promised Panama he would give them back the Panama Canal before 2000
1968
the year Martin Luther was assassinated
1974
the year Nixon's advisors were convicted of the Watergate affair
1973
the year Vietnam and American signed a cease-fire agreement; year in which all U.S. combat troops were withdrawn
1919
the year national prohibition started
1972
the year that the Supreme Court ruled against capital punishment
1973
the year the Supreme Court ruled in favor of abortion with Roe vs Wade
1975
the year when the end of American involvement in Vietnam was announced
(Dr. Carlos) Finlay
theorized and found that mosquitoes carried yellow fever
Reaganomics
this presidential economic plan included the following: balanced budget, stable money supply, and less government regulation
anti-federalists
those who did not support the constitution
doves
those who opposed the fight against communism
federalists
those who supported the constitution
hawks
those who supported the fight against communism
Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson
three Presidential administrations who were progressive in nature
Nixon, Kissinger, and Brezhnev
three men present at the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks treaty 1
Paul Revere, William Dawes, Samuel Prescott
three men who rode through towns to warn civilians of attack
(Enrico) Fermi, (Edward) Teller, and (J. Robert) Oppenheimer
three scientists working on the Manhattan Project
Reconstruction Era
time of rebuilding in America After the Civil War
microchips
tiny electronic components which made it possible to build smaller computers
trust-buster
title Roosevelt was named because of his actions against big businesses
Equal Rights Amendment
to ban discrimination on the basis of sex and allow for unrestricted abortion and a role for women in the military
Truman Doctrine
to prevent Soviet expansion into Greece and Turkey with $400 million
(Cabez) de Vaca
told stories of the Seven Cities of Cibola
A. Mitchell Palmer
took action to against Communist violence by establishing the General Intelligence Division
Tilden
took down the Tweed Ring
(Chancellor Konrad) Adenauer and (Ludwig) Erhard
transformed Germany into one of the most prosperous nations in the world after the war
(John) Wycliffe
translated Bible into English; Morning Star of the Reformation
(General George) Marshall
traveled to China and attempted to persuade Chaing Kai-Shek to form a coalition government which would include Communist and Nationalists
Treaty of Washington
treaty between Britian and U.S. that British expressed regret for the "escape" of the ships into Confederate hands and agreed to submit the question of damages to arbitration
Pickney treaty
treaty that set a boundary between the colonies and florida
Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
treaty that the U.S. signed with the Soviet Union to destroy some of their nuclear weapons
World Trade Organization
tribunal to coordinate international trade policies
Department of Housing and Urban Development and Department of Transportation
two Cabinet-level offices established during Johnson administration
(William F.) Buckley Jr and (Russell) Kirk
two conservative leaders focused on the need for Christian values in American society
Greece and Egypt
two countries that Italy attempted to invaded but failed in 1940
de Lome letter and the Maine
two events that encouraged conflict between U.S. and Spain
(George S.) Patton and (Bernard L.) Montgomery
two generals who attacked the German and Italian forces on Sicily
Bicameral
two house
electricity and internal combustion engine
two new sources of power that spurred the industry in the early 1900s
Germany and England
two other countries besides the U.S. who were interested in the Samoan chain
savings and loan scandals
type of white-collar crime that caused billions of taxpayer's money to be spent bailing out failed banks
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) chips
used everyday in tracking devices on patients, equipment, animals, and inventory
Madalyn Murray O'Hair
used her son to exploit her atheistic ideas
Hill
used private funds to build up his railroad company
General Accounting Office
used to audit federal accounts
ration book
used to help the shortage of food for American citizens
Iwo Jima
volcanic island where the most desperate fighting in human history occured
real wages
wages in relation to buying power
Operation Enduring Freedom
war commenced in Afghanistan
samurai
warrior class in Japan with war and conquest and absolute submission to the divine emperor as the highest duty of man
Carver
Set example for freedmen, best known teacher at Tuskegee
1867
Seward's Ice Box was bought
Antietam
Single bloodiest day of the war
Sitting Bull
Sioux Medicine Man
(Mohammed Farah) Aidid
Somali warlord whom we specifically had to capture
Samuel Adams, James Adams
Sons of Liberty
KAL Flight '007
South Korean airliner that had apparently strayed into Soviet airspace and was shot down
Philippine Islands
Spanish possession in the Pacific Ocean; first important scene of the Spanish-American War
assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
Sparked the beginning of World War 1
Jonathan Edwards
Started the Great Awakening and preached "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"
Rhode Island
State that had the most outstanding example for religious freedoms
Massachusets
State that set a precedent of ratifying the constitution
Virginia
State whose strongest church influence was Anglican
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Strict, militaristic leader of Germany
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
The most descisive battle of the war
Backus
The most influential figure for religious freedom in Massachusetts
Whitefield
The most powerful voice of the Great Awakening
Bastille
The prison that was stormed by the French
Suffrage
The right to vote
1848
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo that ended the Mexican War
1783
Treaty of Paris that ended the War for Independence
Fair Deal
Truman's "welfare of all the people against special privilege for the few"
September 11, 2001
Twin Tower kamikaze bombing
Fort Pickens, Fort Sumter
Two forts in seceded states that had not fallen
Hancock, Adams
Two patriotic leaders
Intermediate Nuclear Forces Treaty
U.S. and Soviet treaty to remove their medium range missiles from Europe
Panay
U.S. gunboat bombed by the Japanese on the Yangtze River
Pearl Harbor
U.S. naval base established by the reciprocal trade agreement
Project Mercury
U.S. program for single-manned space flights
Maine
U.S. ship sunk by the Spanish off the coast of Cuba
Explorer I
U.S.'s first man-made satellite
1945
UN founded
International Atomic Energy Authority
UN set up to control all uses of atomic energy
Rosecrans
Union General at chattanooga and forced Bragg to chickamuga
Anderson
Union commander of fort Sumter
Al Capone
United States gangster who terrorized Chicago during Prohibition until arrested for tax evasion
May 8, 1945
V-E Day
November 11, 1918
Veterans Day
Cold War
War of words
Pittsburgh
What city became known for iron and steel?
Gross National Product
What does GNP stand for?
Burr conspiracy
When Burr wanted to create his own empire
Boston Massacre
When british soldiers killed several bostonians on march 5, 1770
1777
When the Brittish lauched a new campaign to crush the patriots
Gaspee incident
When the british ship ran aground at the colonies and the colonists burned it
First Battle of Bull Run
Where Mcdowell and Beauregaurd met at Manassas Junction
Lexington
Where Shot Heard Round the World was in April 19,1775
Valley Forge
Where Washington and troops spent the winter
Trent affair
Where union stopped british steamer and removed two confederates
Trenton
Where washington captured the Hessians
(Battle of) Java Sea
battle in which most of the American and Dutch vessels were sunk, and the Japanese were able to threaten Australia
(Battle of) Midway
battle that turned the tide of war in the Pacific
Battle of the Somme
battle where tanks were first introduced
Battle of Jutland
battle where the British crippled the German fleet of destroyers, battle ships, and cruisers, making it nearly inactive
Guantanamo Bay
bay in Cuba where U.S. maintained a naval base
Manila Bay
bay in the Philippine Islands where the Spanish fleet was stationed
William Pitt the Elder
became Englands Prime Minister in 1757 and appointed general Wolfe
(Winston) Churchill
became Prime Minister of Britain during the Battle of Britain
Spain
became a proving ground for World War II
Haiti
became a temporary protectorate of the United States
George III
became king of england in 1760
(Joseph G.) Cannon
became known for ruling the House with an especially uncompromising hand
(George) Meany
became president of the AFL-CIO
George Grenville
became prime minister in 1763
Carnegie
became the leading producer of iron and steel in the U.S.
Lord North
became the new prime minister of England in 1770
Nikita Khrushchev
became the premier of the Soviet Union after the Geneva Summit
(Colonel William S.) Gorgas
chief sanitary officer in the Canal Zone who helped eliminate the mosquitoes
Montezuma
chieftain of the Aztecs
J. Edgar Hoover
choosen to head teh General Intelligence Division
Kitty Hawk, North Carolina
city and state where the first successful powered flight took place in 1903 by the Wright brothers
Pago Pago
city on the island of Tutuila where Americans arranged to establish a coaling station for steam-powered ocean vessels
Dayton, Ohio
city, state that popularized the city-manager plan of government
Waco, Texas
city/state in which the FBI besieged the Branch Davidian cult
Beard
claimed that economic factors had an influence on mans decisions
(Nikita) Khrushchev
coined the term "peaceful coexistence"
Kent State University and Jackson State College
college campuses where 4 and 2 students were killed during violent anti-war demonstrations
Georgia
colony begun for prisoners; started by James Oglethorpe
McAdoo
combined railroads into one large rail system
reconcentration order
commanded that all Cubans who were not fighting be collected in camps and kept under Spanish guard
(Colonel Leonard) Wood and (Lieutenant Colonel Theodore) Roosevelt
commanded the Rough Riders
(Admiral) Cervera
commanded the Spanish Atlantic fleet
(Rear Admiral William T.) Sampson
commanded the U.S. Atlantic fleet
(Commodore George) Dewey
commanded the U.S. Pacific fleet
Foch
commander of the Allied forces
(General William C.) Westmoreland
commander of troops in South Vietnam
Committee of Public Information
committee that planned campaigns to keep morale high
Populist party
common name for the Farmer's Alliance
Commonwealth of Independent States
commonwealth formed after collapse of the Soviet Union
(Chester) Nimitz
concentrated his forces in the Central Pacific to crack the Japanese fortress
Bragg
confederate general at chattanooga
Half-Breeds
congenial to alter the civil service
(Hernando) Cortes
conquered the Aztecs
(Francisco) Pizarro
conquered the Incas
locks
construction of the Panama Canal that allowed water to be leveled with the ships
(Benito) Mussolini
controlled Italy
Phillip II
controlled more of the earth's surface than any other man in history
(Joseph) Stalin
controlled the Soviet Union after Lenin's death
Gould
controlled the railroads in the Southwest
National Recovery Administration (NRA)
controlled wages and prices and limited competition among businesses while encouraging labor organizations
Alger Hiss and Julius and Ethel Rosenburg
convicted of treason
Puerto Rico and Cuba
countries the U.S. was obligated to protect following the Spanish-American War
Russia and Germany
countries who took control of leases on various Chinese ports
Republic of Panama
country President Roosevelt recognized after three days of the outbreak of the revolution
Russia
country U.S. recognized as Communist in 1933
Japan
country defeated China in a war in 1894-1895
Dominican Republic
country in Latin America that Roosevelt enforced the Monroe Doctrine
China
country that took place of the Boxer Rebellion
Russia
country that won the space race
Austria
country where Hitler stated that he neither wished nor intended to annex but seized
Korea
country where Japan strengthened its position
Venezuela
country who had a conflict with its debt with Germany
Italy
country who invaded Albania in 1939
Japan
country who was angered by Russian expansion in Manchuria and declared war on Russia
Roe vs. Wade
court case in 1973 that legalized abortion
Scopes Trial
court case on evolution vs creation, and the teaching of them in schools
Murray vs. Carlett
court case that went a long way to establishing secular humanism as the national religion
Insular Cases
court case which determined whether or not the American possessions were extended the privileges of the Constitution
Crocker
chief of the Central Pacific Railroad, hired the Chinese
Chief Joseph
chief of the Nez Perce
Missouri Compromise
created a dividing line between the slave and free states
SPP
created an ever deeper relationship between the U.S., Mexico, and Canada
Bureau of the Budget
created by the National Budget Act, draws up the national annual budget
Advanced Research Projects Agency
created in response to Sputnik I; agency to initiate new technology and protect the U.S. from missiles that could be launched from space
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
created the WTO
Burbank
created the thornless cactus and a type of potato
National War Labor Board
created to act as a court of arbitration to settle labor disputes
Veteran's Bureau
created to build hospitals, begin vocational regabilitaion programs, and to help disabled veterans in numerous ways
Bureau of Mines
created to conserve natural resources and help protect the welfare of miners
ICC
created to ensure that heinous crimes did not go unpunished
War Industries Board
created to regulate all phases of industrial production and distribution
1854
creation of Republican party
Remember the Maine
cry of the United States when the ship, the Maine, sunk off the coast of Cuba
Embargo Act
cut all of the exports from america and cut american income
George Herman ("Babe") Ruth
first great home-run hitter
Babe Ruth
first greatest home run hitter
1820
first group of American missionaries to Hawaii
Luzon
first island in the Philippines that the Japanese invaded
Hillary Clinton
first lady who led effort to implement socialized medicine (specifically the national healthcare plan funded by businesses and employees)
London
first location of the UN General Assembly (later moved to New York)
Battle of Bunker Hill
first major battle of the War for Independence
(John) Cabot
first modern explorer to set foot on the mainland of North America
NBC
first national radio network
(Battle of the)Coral Sea
first naval battle of history in which the opposing vessels did not sight one another
(Sinclair) Lewis
first of seven Americans to win the Nobel prize for literature in the 20th century
Sputnik I
first official satellite to orbit the earth
St. Augustine
first permanent European settlement in the present-day U.S.
Coolidge
first presidential campaign in which the radio was used extensively
Deleware
first state to ratify the constitution
1903
first successful powered flight in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina
Bell Telephone Company
first telephone company
Leif Ericson
first to land in North America
(Amerigo) Vespucci
first to realize that Columbus had discovered a new continent
Telstar and Relay
first two American communication satellites
(Sandra Day) O'Connor
first woman justice to serve on the high court
1870
first year that american missionaries went to hawaii
Admiral Byrd
flew over the North Pole
Admiral Richard Byrd
flew over the North Pole
Grange
football star
Board of Trade
forced colonies to follow all the new Acts
impressing
forcing people accused of being deserters into the british navy
Hawley-Smoot Tariff
foreign affairs tariff that was the highest in the nation's peacetime history and was supposed to protect American jobs and industry
Minutemen
militia that were trained to be ready in a minute
Mann-Elkins Act
greatly strengthened the ICC by giving it greater control over railroad shipping rates and bringing the supervision of telephone telegraph and cable companies under its control
Rough Riders
group Theodore Roosevelt helped where he won fame in Cuba
Rough Riders
group consisted of cowboys, Indians, and college athletes who were under the command of Colonel Leonard Wood and Lieutenant Colonel Theodore Roosevelt
Third International
group in Moscow dedicated to world wide Communism
freedom riders
group of black and whites protesting local segregation laws
American Samoa
group of islands controlled by the U.S. (Tutuila is one of them)
muckrakers
group of writers known for their social criticism on American society
OPEC
monopoly designed to control the supply and price of Middle Eastern oil
December 7, 1941
month, date, and year Japan bombed Pearl Harbor
September 3, 1939
month, date, and year World War II began with France and Britain declaring war on Germany
October 29, 1929
month, date, and year when the stock market crashed (Black Tuesday)
May 7, 1945
month, day, and year Germany surrendered
15th amendment
guaranteed slaves the right to vote
Civil Rights Bill
guaranteed the civil rights of freedmen
19th Amendment
guaranteed woment the right to vote
(Dr. James) Dobson
had a daily radio program called Focus on the Family
Laissez Faire
hands off policy
(Lieutenant Richard) Hobson
he and seven others performed a heroric strategy for the sinking of the U.S. Merrimac
Hoover
head of the General Intelligence Division
September 2, 1945
month, day, and year of V-J Day
fiber optics
most exciting development in telecommunications
Rickenbacker
most famous ace
(Walter) Rauschenbusch
"the Prophet of the Social Gospel"
KDKA
first commercial broadcasting station in the United States
Alabama
first controversy between Britian and U.S.; ship that needed to be repaid
1992
first election Bill Clinton won
1992
first election that Clinton won
1980
first election that Ronald Reagan won
Six-Day War
Egypt, Jordan, & Syria attacked Israel, but Israel fought back hard with weapons from the U.S.
1919
League of Nations meeting with the Big Four: Wilson, David Lloyd George, Clemenceau, and Orlando
Washingtion
Led the Armies of the colonists
Wolfe
Led the english troops after Braddock
April 9, 1865
Lee's surrender to Grant at Appomattox Court Hourse, Virginina
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)
Lenin's new name of Communist Russia
(Muammar Al) Qaddafi
Libyan dictator that sponsored international terrorism
Johnson
Lincolns running mate for the 1864 election
Annie Oakley
Little Sure Shot, performed in Wild West Shows
New York City
Locatation of the first capital
1803
Louisiana Purchase
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
MLK helped to form this group for nonviolent resistence for civil rights
Bataan (Peninsula)
MacArthur retreated to this peninsula after the Japanese invasion of the Philippines
1215
Magna Carta
(Francisco) Coronado
discovered Grand Canyon
(Vasco de) Balboa
discovered Pacific Ocean
(Captian James) Cook
discovered the Hawaiian Islands
(Hernando) de Soto
discovered the Mississippi River
(Jaques) Cartier
discovered the St. Lawrence River
Sir William Ramsay
discovered the book of Acts to be historically correct in all aspects
inoculations
discovered to treat scarlet fever, typhoid fever, and diphtheria
antiseptics
discovery used to kill bacteria
Munich Pact
dismembered Czechoslovakia and gave the Sudetenland to Germany
Venezuelan boundary dispute
dispute of land between Great Britian and Venezuela
1876
disputed election with Tilden and Hayes
38th Parallel
divided Korea
Land ordinance of 1785
divided land in Norhtwest territory into townships
Monroe Doctrine
document in 1823 that stated that the United States would oppose any European interference in the affairs of independent Latin American nations
Gentlemen's Agreement
document in which Japan's government agreed to withhold passports from Japanese laborers seeking to come to the U.S.
Jones Act
document that abolished the appointed commission and allowed the Philippine voters to elect a senate as well as the assembly
Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty
document that granted a zone ten miles wide through the isthmus
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty
document that granted the U.S. the right to build and police a canal through Central America
Elkins Act
document that made it illegal for a shipper to accept a rebate from a railroad
Newlands Reclamation Act
document that provided that money from the sale of public land in western states was to be used to initiate irrigation projects to make arid land productive
Tydings-McDuffie Act
document that provided the Philippines to be independent in 1946
Expedition Act
document that sped up the handling of antitrust cases in the federal courts
Platt Amendment
document that stipulated the conditions under which Cuba would be independent
Hepburn Act
document that strengthened the power of the Interstate Commerce Commission over the railroads
Meat Inspection Act
document which granted federal authorities the power to inspect all meat shipped in interstate commerce
Foraker Act
document which stated that Puerto Rico would become an unorganized territory and the President of the U.S. was empowered to appoint a governor and an executive council
Pure Food Act
document which was designed to prevent the manufacture and sale of adulterated foods and drugs
Pope Alexander VI
drew line of demarcation (to divide territory between Spain and Portugal
Drake
drilled first oil well in the country
Prince Henry the Navigator
encouraged navigation
1877
end of Reconstruction
postwar economic boom
ended the great depression
Treaty of Versailles
ended the war
Treaty of Ghent
ended the war of 1812 in 1814
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
erected dams and hydroelectric plants along the Tennessee River
(Charles) de Gaulle
escaped to Great Britain and organized the Free French government
Palmer
established General Intelligence Division, wanted to stop the violence of Communism
Social Security Act
established a government fund for unemployment and old-age insurance
Greenfield Village and Ford Museum
established by Ford to promote history of America
Interstate Commerce Act of 1887
established the Interstate Commerce Comission
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
established to protect the stated rights of unions and to mediate labor-management disputes
Fuel Administration
established to supervise the rationing of fuel in factories and in homes
Gipsy Smith
evangelist born as a gypsy
Ironsides
evangelist who wrote over 60 books
Kierkegaard
existentialism, "leap of faith"
empiricism
experience is the only source of knowledge
Christopher Columbus
explored New World in 1492
(Juan) Cabrillo
explored the coast of California
Marshall Plan
extended as much as $20 billion for European recovery
Geneva Conference
failed attempt at peace with the Treaty of Versailles among Germany, France and others
Reconquista
famous crusade to drive the Moors from Granada, Spain
Man O'war
famous racing horse
Tariffs
fees on imported goods
Apaches
fiercest Southern Plain Indians
(Samuel) Alito
filled O'Connor's spot
Battle of Yorktown
final battle of the War for Independence
(Alan B.) Shepard, Jr.
first American to enter space
(John H. ) Glenn, Jr.
first American to orbit the earth
Cleveland
first Democrat to win the Presidency after the Civil War
(Virginia) Dare
first English child born in North America
Hillary Clinton
first First Lady to be elected to the Senate
Townshend harris
first Japanese ambassador
(Daniel Ken) Inouye
first Japanese-American to serve in U.S. Congress
(Patsy Takemoto) Mink
first Japanese-American woman to serve in Congress
(Woodrow) Wilson
first President since John Adams to make a personal appearance before Congress
Calvin Coolidge
first President to use the radio extensively in his campaigning
Tutuila
first U.S. possessions outside the North American continent
Calvin Coolidge
first Vice President to attend cabinet meetings
(Wilt) Chamberlain
first basketball player to score 100 points during a single professional game
(Jackie) Robinson
first black American baseball player
(James) Meredith
first black American to attempt to enroll in an all white college
(Robert) Weaver
first black american cabinet officer
(Thurgood) Marshall
first black associate justice of the supreme court
(Benjamin O.) Davis
first black commander of the 99th
Dinwiddie
governor of virginia who sent George Washington to warn the french fort
Jones Act
granted the people of Puerto Rico American citizenship
1871
great Chicago fire
1880's
greatest decade of railroad growth
Archduke Maximilian of Austria
sent by Emperor Napoleon III to establish a French empire in Mexico
(General John) Pershing
sent by President Wilson with 15,000 troops into Mexico to capture Villa
Green Berets
sent to aid South Vietnam
Federal Reserve System
serve as the banker for the federal government
USS Baltimore
ship in Chile when there was a dispute between U.S. and Chile
taking the country off the gold standard
shook public confidence in the U.S. monetary system
Operation Desert Storm
shortest war our nation has ever fought
(John) Hinckley Jr.
shot President Reagan and three of his companions
Camp David Peace Accord
signed by Carter, Begin, and Sadat; 1st time in 2000 years Jews and Arabs sat down and negotiated peace treaty
Japanese Peace Treaty Conference
signed by Japan with 48 former enemy nations; officially ended the Allied occupation of Japan
Hiroshima
site of the first atomic bomb drop in Japan (August 6, 1945)
Nagasaki
site of the second atomic bomb drop (August 8, 1945)
sitzkrieg
sitting-down war
xyz affair
situation where french officials tried to brive the american commisioners
Speak softly and carry a big stick
slogan of Teddy Roosevelt for foreign affairs
Join the Navy and See the World
slogan that the Great White Fleet gave the navy
feeder lines
smaller lines bringing in business from diverse points along the main route
Rauschenbusch
social gospel
Challenger
space shuttle that exploded upon takeoff and slowed the space program down for several years
Wilson
spent 45 years studying and then wrote about what he studied
(William Jennings) Bryan
spoke the Cross of Gold speech
corn
staple food on the prairie
Committees of Correspondence
started by Adams, made to inform the colonies
Hoover
started the Food Administration
(Oliver H.) Kelly
started the Grange
Rice
started the Sword of the Lord
McGready
started the camp meeting revivals
John R. Rice
started the revival weekly, the Sword of the Lord
Berlin Air-Lift
started to save West Berliners from starvation
APEC
started to support the WTO in its endeavor to establish global trade liberalization
Teller Amendment
stated "that the United States disclaims any intention of control over said island except for the pacification thereof"
Tallmadge Amendment
stated that all slaves were free at the age of 25 if they were born to slaves
New Mexico and Arizona
states admitted in 1912
liberty ships
streamlined vessels that aided supplies for the Allies
1965 Voting Rights Act
strengthened previous voting rights laws
Johnson
succeeded Lincoln as president
(Albert) Einstein
suggested the use of an atomic bomb to FDR, though Truman decided to use the atomic bomb
John Dewey
supported progressive education
(Gamal) Nasser
supported terrorist groups that frequently raided Israeli settlements resulting in many deaths
Elderle
swam English Channel
Gertrude Ederle
swam the English Channel
Spoils system
system of putting friends and those who did favors for you into positions after being elected into office
Strategic Defense Initiative
system of space-age weaponry designed to destroy enemy missile warheads in flight; allowed the U.S. to have technological marvels that the bankrupt Soviets could not match
primary election
system that all registered voters of a party decide by ballot which candidate will run against the opposing party's candidate in the final election
Presidential primary
system that party voters in a state indicate their preference for a candidate to be supported by their delegates to the party's national nominating convention
genocide
systematic murder of an entire ethnic group
Island hopping
tactic of only attacking major islands used to work American forces closer and closer to Japan
Dr. Paul Carlson
taken hostage and murdered in the Congo
foreclosure
taking of land by mortgage holders
McKinley Tariff
tariff that set up the reciprocity clause
Protective tariffs
tariffs that were high enough to discourage importation of certain products
excise tax
tax on a product that is produced, sold, and consumed in America
Poll Taxes
taxes taken before voting
Bill of Rights
ten ammendments made to the constitution in 1791
rugged individualism
term Hoover termed for allowing people to become dependent on government assistance could only destroy individual initiative
automation
term that means that machines operate and regulate themselves automatically
Guam
territory that serves as an important U.S. air and naval base in the Pacific
al Qaeda
terrorist group led by Osama bin Laden
Literacy tests
test taken before one could vote
global warming
that idea that the general temperature of the earth and its oceans is being warmed...
Fighting Red Tails
the 332nd division in the black air force
Alaska
the 49th state; admitted into the Union in 1958
Hawaii
the 50th state; entered the Union in 1959
Screaming Eagles
the American airborne division that defeated the Nazis in the Battle of the Bulge
Emperor Napoleon III
the French emperor who tried to build an empire in Mexico
(Mahmoud) Ahmadinejad
the Iranian president who spoke at Columbia University and refused to answer when asked if he wanted Israel destroyed
Hezbollah
the Iranian supported Islamic movement
El Camino Real
the King's Highway; oldest road in U.S.
Allies
the U.S., Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and China
Model T
the automobile Henery Ford produced in 1903
Billy Sunday
the baseball evangelist
Guadalcanal
the beginning of the Allied counteroffensive in the South Pacific; the first location of island hopping
pragmatism
the belief that an idea or an action should be judged soly by its results, regardless of any moral or Scriptural considerations
Secularism
the belief that matters of morality should be based on consideration of teh well-being of mankind in the present life, to teh exclusion of all considerations drawn from belief in God or in a future state
Jackson
wrote A Century of Peace
Fundamentalists
wrote The Fundamentals
Smith
wrote Wealth of Nations
Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms
wrote by John Dickinson and Thomas Jefferson
(John) Steinbeck
wrote the propaganda book of the Great Depression entitled "The Grapes of Wrath"
1959
year Alaska became the forty-ninth state to join the Union
1876
year Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone
1927
year Charles Lindbergh made his flight across the Atlantic Ocean
1959
year Communist leader Fidel Castro came under control of Cuba
1898
year Congress proclaimed war on Spain
1908
year Ford introduced the Model T
1950
year Guam became a U.S. territory
1440
year Gutenberg invented movable type printing press
1959
year Hawaii became the fiftieth state of the Union
1948
year Israel became a nation
1949
year NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) was established
1972
year Nixon visited Communist China and started relations with them
1914
year Panama Canal was opened
1946
year Philippines became independent
1965
year President Johnson sent the first combat troops, marines, to South Vietnam
1952
year Puerto Rico became a self-governing commonwealth of the U.S.
1960
year U.S. broke relations with Cuba
1993
year for creation of NAFTA
1920
year that KDKA went on air
1919
year the 18th Ammendment was ratified
1898
year the Hawaiian Islands were annexed to the United States as a territory
1867
year the Senate ratified to purchase Alaska
1912
year the Titanic sank
1903
year the Wright brothers flew the first successful powered flight in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina
1787
year the constitutional convention was held
1920
year the radio station KDKA went on the air
Progressive Era
years 1900-1920 in which there was a widespread conscious effort to make changes in the American political system
(Theodore) Roosevelt
youngest man ever to become President
(John Fitzgerald) Kennedy
youngest man to be elected president
Nixon
Eisenhower's Vice President
Russo-Japanese War
President Roosevelt's first experience with problems in the Far East
dollar diplomacy
President Taft's foreign policy to other nations
(Robert F.) Kennedy
candidate against Nixon in 1968 who was assassinated
Saigon
capital of South Vietnam
Richmond, Virginia
capital of the Confederacy
John Paul Jones
captain of the Bonhomme Richard
Fort Duquesne
captured from english for the French
Sacco-Vanzetti court case
case when two Italians were charged for murdering a paymaster and a guard during a robbery
Sumter
"Fighting Game Cock"
Henry
"Give me Liberty or Give me Death"
Friedrch Nietzsche
"God is dead"
Lyman Stewart
"God's Oilman"
Dickinson
"Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania to the Inhabitors of the British Colonies"
Cuba
"Pearl of the Antilles"
G. Campbell Morgan
"Prince of Expositors"
Marion
"Swamp Fox"
Samoan Islands
chain of Pacific islands over which German and American battleships almost went to war in 1889
Bobby Jones
champion golfer
Napoleon III
Leader of France who favored a south victory
(Irving) Kristol
"father of Neoconservatism"
Soren Kierkegaard
"leap of faith"
William Jennings Bryan
"the Great Commoner"
Magna Carta
1215; established first form of limited government
Jamestown
1607; first English settlement in New World
Boston Tea Party
1773, When the colonists dressed up as indians and destroyed and threw the tea into the harbor
Second Continental Congress
1775, Led by John Hancock as president
Battle of Saratoga
1777, turning point of the war
Nationalist Era
1814-1828
(Richard) Nixon
1st American President to resign from office
Quebec
1st permanent French settlement in North America; founded in 1608
(Bill) Clinton
2nd President to be impeached
Freedmen
3.5 million freed slaves
New Mexico and Arizona
47th and 48th states
Joseph McCarthy
charged that the U.S State department had been infiltrated by large numbers of Communist spies
Somalia
African nation that U.S. troops were stationed in to keep peace between rival warlords
(Dwight D.) Eisenhower
Allied commander in Europe
Monroe Doctrine
America wont mess with Europe if they dont mess with the Americas
Vietnam War
America's longest war and first no-win war
Operation Desert Storm
America's offensive against Hussein's Iraq; the first time since WWII when Congress followed counsel of a military leader
(General Leonard) Wood
American army general who took charge of Cuba
Liberia
American colony for freed slaves
(General Douglas) MacArthur
American forces leader who stopped the Philippines from guerrilla warfare against the Japanese and conquered the islands
Monroe
Assisted Robert Livingston in the negotiations of buying the Louisiana Territory
Lusitania
British Luxury Liner that was sunk
Internal Security Act
designed to bring the activities of the Communist party under close surveillance and control
Battle of Monmouth
Battle in which the British reached New York City
Battle of Kings Mountain
Battle in which the Patriots stopped brittish advanced into north carolina
1815
Battle of New Orleans
1777
Battle of Saratoga the turning point in America's War for Independence
1781
Battle of Yorktown
Battle of Trafalgar
Battle that lord Nelson defeated the French
Point Four Program
designed to give assistance to underdeveloped countries
1876
Bell invented the telephone
Decatur
Biggest hero of the Tripolitan war
1791
Bill of Rights
Homer Rodeheaver
Billy Sunday's music director
William Bonney
Billy the Kid's real name
October 19, 1987
Black Monday when the value of American stocks dropped
October 19, 1987
Black Monday, when the value of American stock dropped by $550 billion
Admiral de Grasse
Blocked the Chesapeake Bay preventing cornwallis to come in
War Production Board (WPB)
Board Donald Nelson was appointed to for production in the war effort
1773
Boston Tea Party
Olive Branch Petition
Called for ammends to be made, sent to George III as final attempt to avoid war
Silent Cal
Calvin Coolidge's nickname
Quebec Act
Cancelled the Colonists western claims and gave them to quebec
Farragut
Captured Mobile bay
Fort Ticonderoga
Captured by the Green Mountain Boys
Princeton
Captured by washington
human rights
Carter built his foreign policy on this philosophy
McColluch vs maryland
Case that Marshall used loose interpretation and inserted implied powers
26th of July Movement
Castro's attempt to seize the Cuban government in 1953
Adams-Onis Treaty
Ceded all of Florida to the US in 1810
Charles Townshend
Chacellor of The Exchequer
Freedmens Bureau
Establishment that provided food and clothing for freedmen
Peking
China's capital city where the Boxers took control
Quemoy and Matsu
Chinese islands that Nationalist Chinese occupied
Caucus
Choosing of the party canidate
Gray
Christian Workers Commentary
Philadelphia
City of Brotherly Love; largest city in the colonies
Dallas
City where Kennedy was assasinated
Operation Torch
Codename for allied invasion of North Africa from November 1942 to September 1943
April 20, 1999
Columbine high school shooting
1492
Columbus landed on San Salvador
Tet Offensive
Communist began a devastating series of battles in Vietnam where America could not fight
(Fidel) Castro
Communist dictator of Cuba
Viet Cong
Communist guerrillas that began a campaign of terrorism and subversion in the villages in South Vietnam
Wade-Davis bill
Congress' plan of reconstruction
Jefferson
First secretary of state
April 9, 1865
Date of meeting of Grant and Lee at appomatox court house
14th amendment
Declared all slaves to be citizens
Jackson
Defeated the creek indians at the battle of Horseshoe Bend
Braddock
Defeated when he tried to take Fort Duquesne and was beat by the indians
Bourgoyone, Howe, Leger
Defeted by the colonists at Saratoga
(Alfred E.) Smith
Democrat who lost the Presidential election of 1928; first Roman Catholic to seek Presidency
(Franklin Delano) Roosevelt
Democrat who won the Presidential election of 1932 on the plan called the "New Deal"
Rush-Bagot agreement
Disarmament of the Great Lakes
Cook
Discovered Hawaii
Pike
Discovered Pikes Peak and was captured for exploring spanish lands
National Council of Churches
Ecumenism led to what organization?
incandescent electric light bulb
Edison's invention that had the most profound effect on the 20th century
maine
First state to ban liquor
Henry VIII
English king that broke ties with the Roman church
1825
Erie Canal finished by DeWitt Clinton
mint act of 1772
Established a mint and provided for the coinage of gold, silver, and copper
Permanent Court of International Justice
Established in 1920, headquarters at the Hague, established to settle disputes between member nations
Judson
Father of American Missions
Neitzche
Father of Atheistic Existentialism, said "God is dead"
Rousseau
Father of French Romanticism
(Samuel de) Champlain
Father of New France
Schleiermacher
Father of Theological Liberalism
Madison
Father of the Constitution
Voltaire
Father of the Enlightenment
Carey
Father of western africa missions
1824
Favorite Sons Election
Randolph
First Attorney General
Intolerable Acts
First Boston Port Bill, cllosed the port of Boston
Jay
First Chief Justice of the supreme court
Osgood
First Postmaster General
Knox
First Secretary of War
Hamilton
First Secretary of finance
African Methodist Episcopal church
First black methodist denomination
Harrison
First president to die in office
Parson
Founded 1500 Sunday Schools
Booker T. Washington
Founder of Tuskegee Institute
Princetown, Brown, Rutgers, Dartmouth
Four colleges that formed from the revival
Maginot Line
French fortification line
Verdun
French fortress city where the French forced Germans to retreat
Vichy
French government that cooperated with the Germans
(Premier Edouard) Daladier
French leader who signed the Munich Pact
(Lyman) Stewart
God's oilman
December 25, 1991
Gorbachev resigned
Wilderness Campaign
Grants campaign to richmond, lost 55,000 men
Allies
Great Britain, France, Russia, Belgium, Romania, Japan, Portugal, Montenegro, Greece, and Italy
Five Power Treaty
Great Britain, United States, Japan, France, and Italy agreed to stop building battleships for 10 years, and use a tonnage ratio
Four Power Treaty
Great Britain, United States, Japan, and France agreed to respect each others rights in regard to their island possessions in the Pacific
Slavery
Greatest sectional difference
Robertson
Greek New Testament
1636
Harvard
The American System
Henry Clays plan
Alvin York
Hero at Argonne Forest; killed 20 Germans and captured 132
(Hermann) Goring
Hitler's Third Reich Marshal
Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
Hitler's autobiography written in prision
Third Reich
Hitler's government of Nazism
Operation Sea-Lion
Hitler's plan for conquering Great Britain
1619
House of Burgesses
Chattanooga
Important rail center in tennessee
Wovoka
Indian Messiah, Ghost Dance
"God Bless America" and "White Christmas"
Irving Berlin's songs that popularized during WWII
1948
Israel became a nation
fascism
Italy's socialism in which exercised a total control of everything
New Frontier
JFK's social program for America
1607
Jamestown; first permanent English settlement in the New World
Burr
Jeffersons vice president for his second term
The Bonus Bill
John C Calhouns Plan
Methodist revival
John and Charles Wesley started it, and later became known as the Great Awakening
1965
Johnson sent the first combat troops to South Vietnam
Five-Year Plans
Joseph Stalin's plans to making Russia a modern industrial and military state
Declaration of Independence
July 4, 1776, Written by Jefferson
Stanton, Mott, Anthony
Leaders in Womens Suffrage
Louis XVI
Leader in charge of France during the French Revolution
Marbury vs Madison
Marshalls most important deciscion while in the supreme court
1517
Martin Luther's 95 Theses
1630
Massachusetts
Lee
McClellans greatest foe
1846
Mexican War declared
September 18
Month/day when Italy formally surrendered to the Allies
Jones
Moody of the South
Sam Jones
Moody of the south
Khomeini
Muslim religious leader that captured the American embassy in Tehran and took 63 Americans hostage
Du Bois
NAACP
1993
NAFTA
Columbia
NASA's first space shuttle
1949
NATO
(Ben Nighthorse) Campbell
Native American who won a seat in the U.S. Senate
Fifth-Columnists
Nazi sympathizers in Norway called
Treblinka and Auschwitz
Nazis' two most infamous concentration camps located in Poland
Marshall
New chief justice of the supreme court
Contract with America
Newt Gingrich's signed promise to the American people to reform the nation
(Spiro) Agnew
Nixon's VP who resigned because of his involvement in the Watergate affair
(Henry) Kissinger
Nixon's secretary of state; spokesman for detente
Kim Jung-Il
North Korean Communist dictator who agreed to "freeze" his nuclear program in exchange for technological and economic aid from the U.S.
Treaty of Paris
Officially ended the war in 1783
Charles Sumner, Thaddeus Stevens
Opposed allowing the south to be re-admitted
1914
Panama Canal opened
Greenback Labor party
Party that advocated that the federal government increase the number of greenbacks in circulation
1763
Peace of Paris that ended the French and Indian War
Kyoto Protocol
designed to require nations to reduce greenhouse emissions to decreasing levels
Scalawags
People who helped the carpetbaggers and the freedmen for their own good
(Ferdinand) Marcos
Philippine authoritarian President exiled to Hawaii for voting fraud and for sapping the Filipino's money
1620
Plymouth
Solidarity
Polish nationalists that decided to challenge the Soviets
(Gifford) Pinchot
President Roosevelt's chief forester who published conservation articles in National Geographic
Hat Act
Protected British Hat manufacturers
halfway Covenant
Provided descendents of church people with full priviledges and membership
G.I. Bill of Rights
Provided discharge pay, hospitalization, government loans for purchase of homes, farms, or businesses, and educational benefits for veterans.
New Federalism
Reagan's idea for state and local governments to assume more responsibility for government programs, decreasing the power of the national government
(Herbert) Hoover
Republican who won the Presidential election of 1928
Navigation Acts
Restricted Colonial Trade 1660, 1663
Standard Oil Company
Rockefeller's oil company
Roosevelt Corollary
Roosevelt's interpretation on the Monroe Doctrine
Santiago
Rough Riders march to on June 30
Warsaw Pact
Russia's response to NATO
1775
Second Continental Congress
Albert Fall
Secretary of Interior
(William) Seward
Secretary of State who demanded that the French withdraw their troops from Mexico
(James G.) Blaine
Secretary of State who organized/started Pan-American Union
(William) Seward
Secretary of State who persisted on the addition of Alaska
(Cordell) Hull
Secretary of State who sent a note to all foreign nations for non-interference of the war
madison
Secretary of state for Jefferson
(Theodore) Roosevelt
Secretary of the Navy who ordered Dewey that if war should be declared, he should proceed to the Philippine Islands and "capture and destroy" the Spanish fleet
Taney
Secretary of the Treasury for Jackson
Chase
Secretary of the treasury that was influential in the adding of 'In God We Trust' as our motto
(George) McGovern
Senator that Nixon had a landslide Presidential victory over in 1972
(Barry M.) Goldwater
Senator which LBJ ran against in the 1964 election
First Constitutional Congress
September 5, 1774
(Slobodan) Milosevic
Serbian president that arranged a ceasefire with a U.S. envoy after he had attacked Bosnia
Rodeheaver
Sunday's song leader
Second National Bank
Supported by Henry Clay in 1816
(General Dwight D.) Eisenhower
Supreme Allied Commander in Europe
(General Douglas) MacArthur
Supreme Commander of the Allied occupation in Japan
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Supreme Court case that "separate but equal" facilities for blacks and whites were constitutional
Abington School District vs. Schempp
Supreme Court case that banned school prayers and Bible reading in public schools
Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka
Supreme Court case that declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional
Engel vs. Vitale
Supreme Court case which forbidden required the recitation of prayers in public schools
Chafer
Systematic Theology
Tariff of 1828
Tariff of Abominations
Asbury
Taught the circuit riding preachers
Solid south
Term for the south as they had voted solidly democratic
1836
Texas War for Independence
Dawes Plan
The American plan to loan money to Germany, who would pay their reparations to France and Britain, who would pay back their debt to America
Stuart
The Eyes of the Confederacy
Wheatley
The First Black female writer in America
Brainerd
The best known missionary to the indians
(William Howard) Taft
Theodore Roosevelt's hand-picked successor for President
Pope
Third leader of the Union army
multiculturalism
desire to return to minority peoples to their tribal roots and religion
1865-1877
Time of reconstruction
1912
Titanic sank
Biddle
Tried to recharter the bank in 1832
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
Triple Alliance
Great Britain, France, and Russia
Triple Entente
Edison
Wizard of Menlo Park
Monroe
Won the Election of 1814
Grant
Won the Election of 1868 for president
Jackson
Won the election of 1828
Hayes
Won the election of 1876 for president
Woolens Act
Woolen goods restricted by this act
Paine
Wrote "Common Sense"
de Tocqueville
Wrote Democracy in America
Calhoun
Wrote the South Carolina Espositions and Protest
1781
Year Cornwallis surrendered
1803
Year that the Louisiana Territory was purchased
1730's to 1740's
Years for the Great Awakening
William Z. Foster
a Communist who led the voilent steelworkers strike of 1919
Roosevelt Dam
a big construction dedicated to a former President
revolutionary nationalism
a desire to break loose from their established governments and rule themselves based on what they saw as natural boundaries of natural religion
United Arab Republic (UAR)
a drive toward Arab unity set up this republic under Nasser as president
Confederacy
a firm league of friendship
Hindenburg Line
a fortified German defense line formed by an intricate system of trenches and dugouts
Implied powers
a loose interpretation of the constitiution
Loose construction
a loose interpretation of the constitution
Lake Mead
a man-made reservoir from the Hoover Dam
DHS
a new executive department to promote the safety of the American people and their homeland
subprime lending
a problem of the housing bubble; lending to buyers whose credit records were not very stable or credible
Behaviorism
a psychological theory which places man "beyond freedom and dignity"
Strict construction
a strict interpretation of the constitution
Alaska Pipeline
a way to get oil that supposedly lessened American dependence on Middle Eastern oil
13th amendment
abolished slavery in all the states
(Gerald R.) Ford
accepted Nixon's nomination as replacement for Vice President Spiro Agnew; suspiciously granted Nixon a full pardon
Sherman Antitrust Act
act that broke up monopolies
Sherman Antitrust Act
act that broke up trusts
Higher Education Act of 1965
act that continued federal grants for the construction of college buildings and ensured student loans and grants
Reconstruction act
act that divided south into 5 different districts governed by 5 military leaders
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
act that granted the first direct federal funding of local public schools
Economic Opportunity Act of 1964
act that inaugurated programs for the "War on Poverty"
National Budget Act
act that provided for a unified yearly budget for the federal government
Medicare Act of 1965
act that was designed to provide medical care for the elderly under the Social Security system
Appalachian Development Act
act that was intended to raise the standard of living in the Appalachian Mountain region
Berlin and Milan decrees
acts in which Napoleon cut off all trade with America
Neutrality Act of 1937
adopted the "cash-and-carry" principle for dealing with warring nations
GI (Government Issue)
affectionate nickname for the average American soldier during WWII
SALT II
agreement called for a further reduction of nuclear warheads and missiles, giving a greater weapons advantage to the Soviets; didn't stop the Communists from invading Afghanistan less than 6 months later
melting pot
all cultures in America must work together regardless of ethnic heritage or skin color
Nine Power Treaty
all nations represented at the Conference agreed to respect China's independence and territorial integrity and to maintain the "Open Door" in this treaty
Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis
alliance formed among Germany, Italy, and Japan in 1940
Federal Farm Board
allotted $500 million with which to make low interest loans to help cooperative farm groups pay the cost of storing crops
Lend-Lease Act
allowed any means of defense which belonged to a friendly belligerent could be refitted or repaired in the U.S.
20th Amendment
amendment in 1933 that eliminated the "lame duck" sessions of Congress
negro spiritual
americas greatest contribution to music
USA PATRIOT Act
an act immediately following the 9-11 terrorist attacks
reciprocal trade agreement
an agreement beneficial to both parties; agreement U.S. signed with Hawaii
capitalism
an economic system in which individuals are free to ffollow their economic pursuits as they see fit
Pontiacs Conspiracy
an indian uprising in the colonies
recall
an official can be removed from office before his term expires
detente
an official policy of lessened hostility between nations
Third International
an organization founded in Moscow which was dedicated to the worldwide Communist revolution
pogram
an organized persecution or massacre
London Blitz
another name for the Battle of Britain in which the Lutwaffe bombed the city of London
corollary
anything that follows as a natural or logical result of something else
6 million
approximate death toll of Jews in the Holocaust
(Colonel George Washington) Goethals
army general who took charge of the Panama Canal
Debs
arrested under the Espionage Act
(Lee Harvey) Oswald
assassinated President Kennedy
Sirhan
assassinated RFK
McKinley
assassinated by an anarchist in his second term
Granger Laws
attempted to force railroads to charge equal freight rates to all shippers
Bureau of the Budget
authorized to receive requests from all departments and then, in colsultation with the President, draw up a proposed annual budget thaqt estimated receipts and expenditures for the coming year
Nobel Peace Prize
award given to Theodore Roosevelt in 1906
James M. Gray
developed a synthetic approach to Bible study which he incorporated in "The Christian Worker's Commentary"
short ballot
ballot that allowed only the key state officers; policy-making officers were to be elected and policy-enforcing officers were to be appointed
(Saddam) Hussein
dictator of Iraq who invaded oil-rich Kuwait
Skinner
behaviorism
abolition
belief of anti-slavery
Secular humanism
belief that matters of morality should be based on consideration of the well being of man kind in the present life
Finney
best known evangelist of the Second Great Awakening
Hayes
best remembered for his attempts to reform the civil service program
Arthur
best remembered for the Pendleton Act
beef
biggest industry in the west
(Rosa) Parks
black American woman who would not give up her seat on a city bus in Montgomery, AL; backed by Martin Luther King, Jr.
civil rights movement
black Americans involvement in the 1950s and 1960s
(Thomas) Sowell
black economist of the 20th century, argued that careless welfare programs hurt ethnic minorities by destroying the family and the work ethic in the inner cities
Malcolm X
black separatist leader assassinated in 1965
Morgan
bought steel company from Carnegie, wealthiest financier of the 20th century
Tunney and Dempsey
boxing heroes
Dawes Act
broke up tribal lands
(Wilbur and Orville) Wright
brothers who made the first successful powered flight in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina in 1903
Interstate Highway System
building program of 41,000 miles that linked U.S. together
Cumberland Road
built form Cumberland, Maryland to Virginia
St. Lawrence Seaway
built in partnership with Canada and U.S.
cooperative
business operated for the benefit of its members
Speculation
buying land hoping it would go up and sell for a profit
on margin
buying stock when one pays as little as 10 percent of the price of stock in cash and secures a loan to cover the balance
(Manuel) Noriega
dictator of Panama that was smuggling illegal drugs into the U.S.
(Adolf) Hitler
called "Der Fuhrer"
Free Silver Movement
called for unlimited coinage of silver
Birmingham
called the Pittsburgh of the South?
(Victoriano) Huerta
came to power after Madero was murdered and established a new government
Casey Jones
died while driving the Cannonball
June 25, 1950
date North Korea invaded South Korea
June 6, 1944
date for D-Day invasion
November 22, 1963
date for JFK's assassination
December 25, 1991
date for collapse of Soviet Union; aka: when Gorbachev resigned
1925
date for the Scopes Trial
September 24, 1869
date for the stock market crash
April 6, 1917
date that Congress declared war on Germany
July 28, 1914
date that the war started
April 12, 1861
date when the civil war officially began
April 6, 1917
day and year U.S. declared war on Germany
November 11, 1918
day and year for Armistice Day
September 24, 1869
day and year for Black Friday
October 29, 1929
day and year for Black Tuesday when the stock market fell in the Great Depression
June 6, 1944
day and year for DDay at Normandy
May 8, 1945
day and year for V-E Day
December 7, 1941
day and year for bombing of Pearl Harbor
April 20, 1999
day and year for the Columbine shooting
March 5, 1770
day and year of Boston Massacre
July 4, 1776
day and year of Declaration of Indepenence
September 5, 1774
day and year of First Continental Congress in Philadelphia
April 19, 1775
day and year of shot heard 'round the world at Lexington
April 12, 1861
day and year of the beginning of the Civil War; when Beauregard attacked Anderson's Fort Sumter
June 28, 1914
day and year that Archduke Francis Ferdinand was assassinated beginning the Great War
May 10, 1869
day and year when transcontinental railroad was finished at Promontory Point, Utah
(FIRST) Potsdam Declaration
declaration that called upon the Japanese to surrender un-conditionally and to withdraw to the home islands
Clayton Antitrust Act
declared certain business practices illegal (the interlocking directorate and holding company)
Proclamation of Rebellion
declared that the Americans were in proper and avowed rebellion
Russia
declared war by Japan because Japan was angered by the expansion of Russian Manchuria
1588
defeat of the Invincible Armada
17th Amendment
defeated the original Constitutional purpose of the Senate-the representation of the state government at the federal level
Henry
defended the house of burgesses
Great White Fleet
demonstrated America's increasing military strength to the world; sent by President Roosevelt
Department of Commerce and Labor
department that included a Bureau of Corporations and had the authority to investigate large industrial combinations; discovered in 1903
(Nelson) Mandela
first black president of South Africa; South African Communist leader who focused on abolishing apartheid racial segregation
(William Howard) Taft
first civil governor of the Philippines
installment plans
easy credit that made a small down payment and then paid monthly installments over time
Warfield
editor of the Princeton Review
Harding
elected in 1920
Grant
elected president in 1872
1980
election Ronald Reagan won
Favorite Sons election
election in 1824 with Adams, Crawford, Jackson, and Clay
1988
election that George H W Bush won
2000
election that George W Bush won
1868
election that Grant won
1888
election that William Henry Harrison won
1912
election that Woodrow Wilson won
1848
election that Zachary Taylor won
Haile Selassie I
emperor of Ethiopia
(Emperor) Hirohito
emperor of Japan who announced their defeat
Public Works Administration (PWA); Works Progress Administration (WPA)
employed jobless people on construction improvements
J. Wilbur Chapman
forerunner of Billy Sunday
Chapman
forerunner of Billy Sunday, Winona Lake Bible Conference
city-manager government
form of local government that allows the city council to hire a city manager regardless of party
commission government
form of local government that allows voters to vote for five commissioners to hold responsible for one department of the city government
mass production
form of the assembly line Ford was able to contribute to America
Albany Plan
formed by Benjamin Franklin in 1754
America First Committee
formed by Charles Lindbergh dedicated to keeping the U.S. out of a general European war
SEATO
formed to resist Communist aggression and expansion
corporation
formed when a group of businessmen receive a charter of incorporation from a state government
Whittaker Chambers
former Communist party member and Soviet spy who had become horrified with Marxist totalitarianism
Sigmund Frued
formulated phychoanalysis
Earp
fought at the Battle of O.K Corral
Carver
found uses for sweet potato, peanut, and soybean
Mel Trotter
founded 67 rescue missions
(Roger) Williams
founded Rhode Island; wrote Key Into the Language of America
Booker T. Washington
founded Tuskegee Institute
American Legion
founded by Colonel Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. in Paris which lobbied aggressively for veteran's benefits
American Legion
founded by Teddy Roosevelt Jr. in Paris
Harvard
founded in 1636; 1st college in U.S.
Trotter
founded rescue missions
Palmer
founded the Five points Mission
(Thomas) Hooker
founder of Connecticut
England, France, Spain, Portugal
four leading nations of the Middle Ages
Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and (the) Philippines
four places the armistice stated that Spain agreed to surrender to the U.S.
"bank holiday"
gave banks a time to calm the fears of depositors and assure them that their money was safe
Emergency Banking Relief Act
gave the President broad power to control banking policies and to reopen banks as he saw fit
Defense Production Act
gave the President the authority to fix wage and price ceilings
Eisenhower Doctrine
gave the President the power to use force against Communist aggression in the Middle East and appropriated $200 million for economic and military help to the Arab world.
Tariff of 1833, Force Bill
gave the president the powere to use the military against the state
(Douglas) MacArthur
general sent to prepare the Philippines against the Japanese
Office of War Mobilization (OWM)
general staff appointed by President Roosevelt for the war front
(Bernard L.) Montgomery
general who marched from Egypt to meet Eisenhower and fight Rommel in North Africa
direct primary
gives voters a voice in nominating candidates to run for public office
Bobby Jones
golf champion
federal system
government in which the power is distributed among national, state, and local governments
Federal Reserve System
government interference that contracted the money supply in the Great Depression
(Boris) Yeltsin
reformer that became the president of the Russian Republic, the largest of the Soviet Republics
Polish Corridor
region Hitler demanded Poland to relinquish
Manchuria
region in China that Japan aggressed and conquest
Agriculture Adjustment Act
regulated more government control in agriculture and business by paying farmers not to plant
Grant
reinforced rosecrans to win at Chattanooga, in 1864 became supreme commander of the union forces
Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)
released large sums of tax money to state and local agencies for direct relief of the unemployed
Compromise of 1877
removal of federal troops from the south, 1 southerner to the cabinet,and money for the south to reconstruct
Taft-Hartley Act
removed certain labor abuses and curb the growing power of labor unions over individuals and employees
Hooker
replaced Burnside
(Condoleezza) Rice
replaced Colin Powell as National Security Advisor
(Clarence) Thomas
replaced federal judge Thurgood Marshall
Union Party
republican party of the 1864 election
Selective Service Act
required all men between 18 and 65 to register with their local draft boards
Selective Service Act
required all men from age 21 through age 30 to register with the local draft boards
(Timothy) McVeigh
responsible for the bomb exploding in Oklahoma City outside a Federal building
Marx
responsible for the rise of socialism and Father of Communism
Jay Gould and Jim Fisk
responsible for the stock market crash on Black Friday
Amnesty act
restored political rights to those who cooperated with the south
perestroika
restructuring
Second Great awakening
revival in America during the 19th century
speculation
risky investments for the chance of making a quick profit
post roads
roads that connected larger cities
Neutrality Act of 1939
sacrificed the principle of "freedom of the seas" while trying to keep America out of war
Young Plan
said Germany's total war debt would be reduced and the the payment period be extended over an even longer time span
Professor G. F. Wright
said that darwinism is one-tenth bad science and nine-tenths bad philosophy
(Huey "Kingfish") Long
same party as FDR who opposed of his New Deal and called for heavy estate taxes and redistribute wealth to the masses
(Kate) Smith
sang and popularized "God Bless America"
Whitewater (Affair)
scandal in which Pres. Clinton granted special illegal privileges to a real estate firm
Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe
scenic railroad route
the Fundamentals
scholarly essays that presented the fundamenals of the Christian faith
Asians
second largest immigration group in U.S.; have the highest percentage of advanced degrees than any other ethnic group in America
(John Foster) Dulles
secretary of state under Eisenhower, transformed the Federal Security Agency into the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
Gallatin
secretary of the treasury for Jefferson
World Bank
section of the UN that lends money to countries
World Health Organization
section of the UN that tries to solve the world's health problems
Security Council
section of the UN with five permanent members and six elected members with two year terms
yellow journalism
sensational and sometimes unfound stories
Tilden
was the supposed winner of the 1876 election
weapons of mass destruction
weapons designed to kill large numbers of people
New England
what area of the country became well known for textiles, shoes, and paper?
D-Day
when Eisenhower's troops hit the beaches of Normandy, France
Yom Kippur War
when Israelis drove the Egyptians back (after they had been attacked the 2nd time) and prepared to invade Egypt but Kissinger stopped them
flex fuels
when biofuels are combined with regular gasoline
sit ins
when black college students sat in sections reserved for whites
bank runs
when depositors lose confidence in a bank and rush to withdraw their money
monopoly
when one company controls the industry
Sharecropping
when plantation owners separated land to freedmen to farm
San Salvador
where Columbus first landed in New World
Stalingrad
where Hitler's 1942 summer offensive was crushed (Hitler's defeat in Russia)
Pikes Peak
where gold was discovered in 1858
Pusan Perimeter
where outnumbered and outgunned South Koreans and Americans withdrew to a battle line in the southeast corner of Korea
(Battle of) Leyte Gulf
where the Japanese lost almost all of their remaining ships and planes
Formosa Strait
where the President ordered a build up of American naval and air forces making it possible for the beleaguered Nationalists to receive supplies
Oklahoma
where the boomers came from
Hungary
where the greatest resistant to Communist tyranny occurred
Promontory Point
where the two railroad lines met May 10, 1869
(Matthew B.) Ridgeway
who Truman replaced MacArthur with
(Fidel) Castro
who the Clinton administration gave appeasement to and who he funded to maintain his power over the Cuban people
(Margaret) Mitchell
who wrote "Gone with the Wind"
Red Scare
widespread fear of communism
(Jimmy) Carter
winner of the 1976 election
Calamity Jane
woman whose rifle skills surpassed most men; scout for general Custer
Women's Army Corps (WACS)
women's branch of the Navy now known as the WAVES
Hayes
won the 1876 election
Nixon
won the 1968 election
(George W.) Bush
won the 2000 election
Garfield
won the election of 1880
Harrison
won the election of 1888
Warren G. Harding
won the election of 1920
Mackinac Straits Bridge
world's longest suspension bridge
60 million
worldwide death toll from World War II
Teapot Dome Scandal
wrecked the Harding administration; Albert Fall secretly leased out oil reserves
(Pearl S.) Buck
writer who grew up in China and wrote "The Good Earth"
(William) Faulkner
writer who wrote of "decayed" Southern aristocrats such as "The Sound and the Fury" and "Absalom, Absalom!"
(Irving) Berlin
wrote "God Bless America"
(Clarence) Day
wrote "Life with Father" which turned into a popular play
(Thomas) Wolfe
wrote "Look Homeward, Angel"
(Carl) Sandburg
wrote "The People, Yes"
Otis
wrote "The Rights of the British Colonies Asserted and Approved"
