Andrew Jackson: His Form of Democracy and Opponents

Dartmouth College v. Woodward

Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward, 17 U.S. (4 Wheat.) 518 (1819), was a landmark decision in United States corporate law from the United States Supreme Court dealing with the application of the Contracts Clause of the United States Constitution to private corporations.

Why does Bache believe that Americans should support the French Revolution despite the bloodshed taking place in France?

"early American politics was profoundly influenced by events elsewhere in the Atlantic world "the events that go on in other parts of the world can greatly affect America

Cotton gin

A cotton gin - meaning "cotton engine" - is a machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds, enabling much greater productivity than manual cotton separation. The fibers are then processed into various cotton goods such as calico, while any undamaged cotton is used largely for textiles like clothing. The separated seeds may be used to grow more cotton or to produce cottonseed oil.

family wage

A family wage is a wage that is sufficient to raise a family. This contrasts with a living wage, which is generally taken to mean a wage sufficient for a single individual to live on, but not necessarily sufficient to also support a family. As a stronger form of living wage, a family wage is likewise advocated by proponents of social justice.

How did the meanings of American Freedom change in this world?

Although the concept of freedom changed from person to person freedom has become the foundation of America. The country was developed around this theme and today the government is based on the concept of freedom. Freedom shaped and influence American involvement in War and conflicts. This includes the Revolutionary War, the Civil War, and WWII.

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints

Among the most successful of the religions that sprang, hoping to create a kingdom of God on earth, was the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, or Mormons.

Why does Murray refer to the "variety of fashions" among women as an argument for their intellectual capacity?

Because she does not understand how some women undergo certain types of fashions that have bad side effects just to change their appearance. She questioned whether women who underwent plastic surgeries, which created serious health risks, were really smart.

Force Act

Force Acts, in U.S. history, series of four acts passed by Republican Reconstruction supporters in the Congress between May 31, 1870, and March 1, 1875, to protect the constitutional rights guaranteed to blacks by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.

Gibbons v. Ogden

Gibbons v. Ogden, 22 U.S. (9 Wheat.) 1 (1824), was a landmark decision in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to Congress by the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.

McCulloch v. Maryland

McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 U.S. 316, was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision that defined the scope of the U.S. Congress's legislative power and how it relates to the powers of American state legislatures.

Spoils system

In politics and government, a spoils system is a practice in which a political party, after winning an election, gives government civil service jobs to its supporters, friends, and relatives as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party—as opposed to a merit system, where offices are awarded on the basis of some measure of merit, independent of political activity.

soft money and hard money

In their simplest form, hard money and soft money are used to describe different kinds of currency in economics. Hard money refers to coins, while soft money refers to paper currency. But the terms also have a role in politics. They are used to refer to political contributions in the United States.

Indian Removal Act

Indian Removal Act, (May 28, 1830), first major legislative departure from the U.S. policy of officially respecting the legal and political rights of the American Indians. The act authorized the president to grant Indian tribes unsettled western prairie land in exchange for their desirable territories within state borders (especially in the Southeast), from which the tribes would be removed.

What do they mean by writing that "the germ of an odious Aristocracy" has been planted in the United States?

Let us remain firm in attachment to principles. . . . Let us be particularly watchful to preserve inviolate the freedom of opinion, assured that it is the most effectual weapon for the protection for our liberty.

How do the members of Democratic-Republican Society defend their right to form a society that comments on public affairs?

Members of the Democratic-Republican society by the unity that they have accorded themselves in the interpretation of the constitution and the defense of the common mans rights as the fully condemn the loose interpretation of the constitution and the law. Democrat-Republican Societies. Source. Keeping Democracy Alive. Democrat-Republican societies were organized groups of American citizens who came together in the 1790s to reignite the " fires of ' 76. " They wanted to keep people involved in politics to insure that the government would continue to be democratic.

How does she answer the charge that offering educational opportunities to women will lead to neglect of their "domestic duties"?

Murray argues against the mindset and the idea of women not considered to be equal to men in all areas. She says that women has always channeled their intelligence in fashion, slander and gossips and Traditional activities such as cooking and sewing wont bring women's intellectual superiority to the full potential as these things do not need much of a thought and attention. She gave an example of two siblings of same age out of who one is a boy and other is girl. She says that boy is taught to be aspire whereas girl is taught to be confined and limited. She believed that god has given equal opportunity to both men and women and inferiority among women is the result of culture and not nature because women are not given same kind of education which men get.

Nativism

Nativism is the political policy of promoting the interests of native inhabitants against those of immigrants, including the support of immigration-restriction measures. In scholarly studies, nativism is a standard technical term, although those who hold this political view do not typically accept the label.

Porkopolis

Nickname of Cincinnati, coined in the mid-nineteenth century, after its numerous slaughter houses.

Commonwealth v. Hunt

Not until 1842, in Commonwealth v. Hunt did Massachusetts chief justice Lemuel Shaw decree that there was northing inherently illegal in workers organizing a union or a strike.

What does he see as the similarities and differences between the American and French Revolutions?

Similarities Between French and American Revolution in regards to "Government Replacement" Both the American and French revolution led to the replacement of the monarch governments whereby they replaced them with new regulations that were more democratic and, which provided significant support to the people who had elected them.

Pet banks

The "Pet Banks" was a derogatory term used by the opponents of Andrew Jackson to describe state banks selected to receive large deposits of government money. In 1833 the Second Bank of the United States had about $9 million belonging to the government.

American System

The American System was an economic plan that played an important role in American policy during the first half of the 19th century.

American system of manufactures

The American system of manufacturing was a set of manufacturing methods that evolved in the 19th century. The two notable features were the extensive use of interchangeable parts and mechanization for production, which resulted in more efficient use of labor compared to hand methods.

Bank War

The Bank War was a long and bitter struggle waged by President Andrew Jackson in the 1830s against the Second Bank of the United States, a federal institution that Jackson sought to destroy. Jackson's stubborn skepticism about banks escalated into a highly personal battle between the president of the country and the president of the bank, Nicholas Biddle.

Cotton Kingdom

The Cotton Kingdom In the 80 years between the American Revolution and the Civil War, the North and South developed along distinct and opposing lines economically, politically, and culturally. The South took a very different economic course than the North.

Cult of Domesticity

The Culture of Domesticity or Cult of True Womanhood is a term used by historians to describe what they consider to have been a prevailing value system among the upper and middle classes during the 19th Century in the United States and the United Kingdom.

Era of Good Feelings

The Era of Good Feelings marked a period in the political history of the United States that reflected a sense of national purpose and a desire for unity among Americans in the aftermath of the War of 1812.

How did the market revolution affect the lives of workers, women, and African-Americans

The Market Revolution affected the lives of workers by giving them jobs. It did bring them from skilled labor to cheap labor though.

How did the market revolution spark social change?

The Market Revolution sparked social change in many ways. Cities grew, factories sprouted along with "the clock" and the "mill girls", and immigration increased.

Missouri Compromise

The Missouri Compromise was United States federal legislation that admitted Maine to the United States as a free state, simultaneously with Missouri as a slave state, thus maintaining the balance of power between North and South in the US Senate.

Monroe Doctrine

The Monroe Doctrine was a United States policy that opposed European colonialism in the Americas. It began in 1823; however, the term "Monroe Doctrine" itself was not coined until 1850. The Doctrine was issued on December 2, at a time when nearly all Latin American colonies of Spain and Portugal had achieved, or were at the point of gaining, independence from the Portuguese and Spanish Empires.

Panic 1819

The Panic of 1819 was the first widespread and durable financial crisis in the United States and some historians have called it the first Great Depression. It was followed by a general collapse of the American economy that persisted through 1821.

Second Great Awaking

The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant religious revival during the early 19th century in the United States. The Second Great Awakening, which spread religion through revivals and emotional preaching, sparked a number of reform movements. Revivals were a key part of the movement and attracted hundreds of converts to new Protestant denominations.

Tariff of 1816

The Tariff of 1816, also known as the Dallas Tariff, is notable as the first tariff passed by Congress with an explicit function of protecting U.S. manufactured items from overseas competition. Prior to the War of 1812, tariffs had primarily served to raise revenues to operate the national government. Another unique aspect of the tariff was the strong support it received from Southern states.

Tariff of Abominations

The Tariff of 1828 was a protective tariff passed by the Congress of the United States on May 19, 1828, designed to protect industry in the Northern United States. Created during the presidency of John Quincy Adams and enacted during the presidency of Andrew Jackson, it was labeled the "Tariff of Abominations" by its Southern detractors because of the effects it had on the Southern economy.

Trail of Tears

The Trail of Tears was a series of forced relocations of approximately 60,000 Native Americans in the United States between 1830 and 1850.

Webster-Hayne debate

The Webster-Hayne debate was a famous debate in the United States between Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina that took place on January 19-27, 1830 on the topic of protectionist tariffs. The heated speeches between Webster and Hayne themselves were unplanned, and stemmed from debate over a resolution by Connecticut Senator Samuel A.

Eric Canal and steam boats

The completion in 1825 of the 363-mile Erie Canal across upstate New York ( a remarkable feat of engineering at a time when America's next-largest canal was only twenty-eight miles long) allowed goods to flow between the Great Lakes and New York City.

What were the main elements of the market revolution?

The main elements of the market revolution were the development of transportation, communication, technology, and commercial farming.

mill girls

The term "mill girls" was occasionally used in antebellum newspapers and periodicals to describe the young Yankee women, generally 15 - 30 years old, who worked in the large cotton factories. They were also called "female operatives."

Transcendentalists

Transcendentalism is a philosophical movement that developed in the late 1820s and 1830s in the eastern United States. A core belief is in the inherent goodness of people and nature, and while society and its institutions have corrupted the purity of the individual, people are at their best when truly "self-reliant" and independent.

Worcester v. Georgia

Worcester v. Georgia, 31 U.S. (6 Pet.) 515 (1832), was a landmark case in which the United States Supreme Court vacated the conviction of Samuel Worcester and held that the Georgia criminal statute that prohibited non-Native Americans from being present on Native American lands without a license from the state was unconstitutional.

Individualism

giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications