ap euro practice test chap. 25-30
"we see men living with their skulls blown open; we see soldiers run with their two feet cut off...still the littlest piece of convulsed earth in which we lie is held. we have yielded no more than a few hundred yards of it as a prize to the enemy. but on every yard there is a dead man." the quotation above presents a major theme in...
Erich Remarque's ALL QUIET ON THE WESTERN FRONT
which of the following has the greatest influence on the work of the french surrealist painters in the period between the first and second world wars?
Freudian psychology
policies adopted by the major european states between 1929 and 1936 to deal with the economic depression included which of the following? I. protective tariffs and bilateral international trade agreements II. deflationary fiscal and monetary policies III. cooperative international efforts to redevelop old industries
I.
which of the following characterized mussolini's ideal of the fascist corporate state? I. organization of the population into syndicates of employers, employees, and government arbitrators II. establishment of semi autonomous regional governments III. abolishment of strikes, lockouts, and older trade unions
I.
which of the following best explains the motivation of the bolshevik govt in signing the treaty of brest-litovsk with germany in 1918?
Lenin was not willing to risk his limited power base through further struggle against a foreign enemy
which of the following statements is an example of existentialist thought?
"a person is the sum of his or her acts"
in 1917, the Bolsheviks sought to rally support from the russian people with which of the following slogans?
"peace, land, bread"
in what era did the developments described in the passage most probably take place?
1880-1905
women's suffrage was first achieved at the national level in germany and great britain in the period..
1914-1930
the map above represents central and eastern europe in...
1949
the term "five year plans" would most likely be discussed in conjuction with which of the following?
a book on the economic development of the soviet union after the bolshevik revolution
all of the following characterize existentialism except...
a buoyant optimism about human existence and perfectability
which of the following best describes a league of nations "mandate"?
a colonial territory assigned to a member nation to be administered for the league
which of the following best describes lenin's new economic policy?
a compromise with capitalist economic principles
which of the following best characterizes the social structure of the german empire in 1871?
a conservative compromise between the old aristocracy and the new middle class
"...we are for a socialism that is proper to a highly devloped country and is devoid of those repulsive features imposed upon our country by a handful of narrow-minded, dogmatic, power-hungry careerists and unscrupulous despots. we have no reason to assume an anti-soviet attitude insofar as the soviet union internal policy is concerned. we object only to brutal interference in the affairs of other nations." this passage reflects the attitude of...
a czech dissident in 1969
the new economic policy in soviet russia provided for which of the following?
a free market in grain and limited private enterprise
during the 1950s, many western european countries experienced...
a rapid increase in the birth rate
which of the following occurred as a result of the organization of the petroleum exporting countries oil embargo of the 1970s?
a rapid rise in inflation and unemployment in the developed world
which of the following is the best description of the condition of great britain's national economy in the 1920s?
a stagnant manufacturing sector and a widening gap between rich and poor
as described in the treaty of rome, the european economic community most closely resembled...
a tariff union
most historians would agree with which of the following descriptions of the treaty of versailles of 1919?
a treaty that the defeated thought too harsh and the victors thought too lenient
the term "collective security" would most likely be discussed in which of the following studies?
a work on european diplomacy during the 1930's
a historian would be most likely to cite the sculpture above as an example of the...
alienation in modern society
france regained which of the following as part of the peace settlement after the first world war?
alsace-lorraine
which of the following comparisons most accurately describes the french and bolshevik revolutions?
although different in their origins both revolutions were considered very radical in their time
which of the following resulted from the spanish civil war?
an authoritarian regime was established in spain
the ideology of italian fascism was based on...
an authoritarian state and a corperate economy
which of the following corresponded with the end of the cold war in europe?
an increase in ethnic and nationalistic tensions
for china, a major consequence of the opium war was...
an increase in hostility to europeans
the collectivization of agriculture in the soviet union in the 1930s had all of the following results except...
an increase in the domestic food supply
which of the following best characterizes artistic movements in late 19th century europe?
an increased emphasis on personal expression
which of the following is NOT typical of social conditions as they have evolved in 20th century western europe?
an increasingly rigid class structure
which of the following was originally part of german nazism but not of italian fascism?
anti-semitism
which of the following was a central part of national socialist ideology?
anticommunism
"the italian nation is an organism endowed with a purpose and a life transcendign those of the individuals composing it" "labor unions legally recognized and subject to state control alone have the right to represent the whole category for which they are constituted" "the collective labor contract conciliates the opposing interests of employers of workers, subordinating them to the higher interests of production" -- mussolini's charter of labor which of the following is best supported by the excerpts above?
any agreement was subject to the state's interpretation of the national interest
political violence and armed conflict in the first and last decades of the 20th century resulted from disputes over the status of what territory?
bosnia
the treaty of berlin in 1878 reflected general european agreement on which of the following?
boundaries and spheres of influence in the balkans
which of the following occured at the munich conference in september of 1938?
britain and france approved the surrender of the sudetenland to germany
the political cartoon above from the 1930s illustrates...
british indifference to agression by the axis power
"green" political parties emerged in western europe in the 1970s and 1980s primarily as a result of...
concern about the pact of industrialization on the environment
despite the wartime leadership of conservative prime minister winston churchill, the conservative party was defeated by the labor party in the british election of 1945 largely because of...
concern that churchill and the conservative party would not do enough to alleviate the economic hardship in postwar britain
the chronologically arranged maps above illustrate the...
concluding phases of the franco-prussian war
the picture above does which of the following?
condemns the bombing of a basque town during the spanish civil war
the political and social values of the vinchy government in france during the second world war are best described as...
conservative-authoritarian/corporatist/Catholic
which of the following statements most accurately reflects the information depicted on the graph above?
considerable fluctuations occurred within an overall downward trend in mortality
which of the following best describes a primary goal of the christian democratic parties in western europe after the second world war?
continuation of a strong anticommunist foreign policy
a major goal of the european economic community was to...
coordinate industrial and agricultural policies of the members
a major goal of the 1991 Maastricht Treaty was to...
create a single currency and central bank for the european union
the movements of the 19th century german unification and of the late 20th century german reunification were similar in that both...
created fear about the disruption of the european balance of power
the painting above, MUSICAL FORMS by george braque, is an example of which of the following schools of painting?
cubist
the north atlantic treaty organization moved its headquarters in the 1960s because...
de Gaulle wanted to build a french military policy independent of NATO
nikita khrushchev did which of the following?
denounced stalin's cult of personality
the most notable social effect of the 1923 inflation in germany was the...
depletion of the savings and income of the middle class
the primary message of the cartoon above is to show prime minister margaret thatcher's
determination to overcome the opposition of unionized labor
which of the following developments occurred in europe in the 1920s?
devastating inflation for germany
the league of nations differed from the united nations in that the league...
did not have as members several of the world's most important industrialized nations
nikita khrushchev's program of de-Stalinization involved all of the following except...
disbanding agricultural collectives
at the second vatican council, the roman catholic church sought primarily to...
dress relations between the roman catholic church and the modern world
which of the following advocated an evolutionary, as opposed to a revolutionary theory of marxism?
eduard bernstein
before the first world war, european feminists such as the pankhursts has all of the following goals except...
eliminating poll taxes
the purges carried out in the soviet union during the 1930s resulted in...
elimination of the old bolshevik elite
after the death of stalin, khrushchev modified soviet policy by...
emphasizing the production of consumer goods
the aim of the soviet union's first five-year plan was to...
encourage agricultural production by subsidizing the kulaks
the primary source of the first world war poster shown above was to...
encourage men to volunteer for military service
all of the following are policies to which totalitarian states have traditionally adhered except...
encouragement of multiparty political systems
the major objective of the kellogg-briand pact (1928) was to...
end the use of war for solving international controversies
the chart above depicts the process of urbanization in....
england and wales
which of the following authors wrote of the suffering of soldiers fighting during the first world war?
erich maria remarque
the primary instrument of economic integration in western europe since the second world war has been the...
european economic community (EEC)
after the second world war, events in france indicated that the fourth republic had which of the following in common with the third republic?
executive instability because of the frequent changes of party coalitions in the legislature
the writings of Simone de Beauvoir strongly influenced which of the following intellectual movements?
existentialism and feminism
surrealism, an artistic genre of the 20th century, has as a central theme...
exploration of dream images and the irrational
a social historian would be most likely to research which of the following topics?
family life in a french village
repression of individual liberties, control of the media, appeal to nationalism, glorification of the leader - the political philosophy incorporating these characteristics is...
fascism
which of the following wars marked the first term that the employment of european women in industry was critical to a sustained war effort?
first and second world war
during the 19th and 20th centuries, the first european country to experience a dramatic decrease in its birth rate was...
france
the most influential opponent of great britain's entry into the european common market in the 1960's was...
france
"no prudent master of a family ever attempts to make at home what it will cost him more to make than to buy. if a foreign country can supply us with a commodity cheaper than we ourselves can make it, better buy it from than with some part of the produce of our new industry." the quotation above was used to justify...
free trade in the early 19th century great britain
all of the following contributed to the trend shown in the graph above except...
frequent strikes of domestic servants resulted in long-range unemployment
the first european country to develop a state social welfare system was...
germany
the shaded areas on the map above formed part of the colonial empire of...
germany
during the spanish civil war, the nationalist forces led by general franco received military assistance from which of the following pairs of states?
germany and italy
which of the following best summarizes existential philosophy as advocated by albert camus and jean-paul sartre?
god, reason, and progress are myths, and people can only give meaning to their lives through their actions and choices
the conservative government of margaret thatcher is associated w/ all of the following except...
government ownership of heavy industry
in the period after the first world war, the british economist john maynard keynes argues that...
governments should respond to economic downturns by increasing spending
which of the following was a result of the implementation of the schlieffen plan at the beginning of the first world war?
great britain entered the war on the side of france and russia
all of the following were aspects of the british social welfare program as it developed between 1906 and 1916 except...
guaranteed annual income
in the 1960s a factor that distinguished soviet social structure from the societies of advanced industrial nations in western europe was the soviet union's...
high percentage of workers engaged in agriculture
all of the following were major demographic changes in europe between 1960 and 1990 except the...
highest levels of emigration of western europeans since 1850
the cartoon above by the british caricaturist David Low was published...
in the wake of the 1939 nonaggression pact
the provisional government in russia failed primarily because...
it continued to pursue an unpopular war
which of the following best describes an important trend in typical family size in Western Europe after 1870?
it decreased initially in the middle classes because of the increased costs of rearing children
which of the following is true of the second vatican council?
it promoted the ecumenical movement
which of the following best describes the effect of the great depression (1929-1939) in europe?
it resulted in increased government economic intervention and control in many countries
which of the following was true of contraception in the 1th century europe?
it was practiced by middle-class parents seeking a higher standard of living for their families
"the worth of a state, in the long run, is the worth of the individuals composing it; and a state which dwarfs its men, its order that they may be more docile instruments...will find that with small men no great thing can be accomplished." which of the following would agree with the statement above?
john stuart mill
during stalin's rule of the soviet union, the term "kulak" was a designation assigned to...
landowning peasants
konrad adenauer, alcide de gasperi, and robert schuman were alike in their...
leadership of the christian democratic parties in their respective countries after 1945
the only african countirs to remain politically independent following the "scramble for africa" by european countries in the late 19th century were...
liberia and abyssinia (ethiopia)
the indentation at points X and Y on both sides of the graph above are best explained as the result of the...
low number of births during the first and second world wars
the treaty of versailles contributed to the outbreak of the second world war, in part, because the treaty...
mandated punitive war reparations from germany
the russian political cartoon above from the cold war era ridicules the motivations of the...
marshall plan
which of the following describes the Carbonari?
members of a secret revolutionary society
hungary, east germany, poland, czechoslovakia - the nations listed are all...
members of the warsaw pact
which of the following resulted from the close relationship between science and government in industrialized nations during the second world war?
much scientific research became financially dependent on military funding
all of the following were goals of state planning as practiced in western europe between 1945 and 1970 except...
national economic self-sufficiency
all of the following were factors in the holocaust except the...
near exclusive focus of nazi genocidal policies on jews in germany
which of the following is true of both the 1956 revolt in hungary and the 1968 revolt in czechoslovakia?
neither received assistance from the u.s. because they were in the soviet sphere of influence
"facts prove that many abuses occurred on stalin's order without reckoning w/ any norms of party and soviet legality. stalin was a very distrustful man...when stalin said that someone should be arrested, it was necessary to accept on faith that the person was an 'enemy of the people.'" the passage above is from a speech delivered by...
nikita khrushchev
a major economic problem in late 29th century Europe that contributed ti european imperialist expansion was...
overproduction of manufactured goods
lenin and the bolsheviks won widespread popular support in russia in 1917 by promising...
peace
which of the following was most directly responsible for the founding of the fifth republic of 1958?
political conflict over the war in algeria
of the following, 19th century european women were relatively more numerous and made the most influential contribution as...
popular novelists and writers
the immediate aim of the Truman Doctrine of 1947 was to...
prevent the overthrow of the Greek and Turkish govts.
one of the first actions takn by Mikhail Gorbachev when he became leader of the soviet union in 1985 was to...
propose a series of reforms designed to save the failing communist regime
after the second world war, most western european states sought to develop policies that...
provided improved medical and social services for women and children
the constitution of weimar germany helped to undermine the republican form of government by...
providing for rule by a single individual in cases of national emergency
which of the following best characterizes european art and literature in the 1920s?
questioning of accepted values and practices
which of the following was a major new consumer item that gained wide popularity in europe between the first world war and the second world war?
radios
the 1921 german drawing by george grosz shown above reflects the...
reaction against capitalism and war profiteering following the first world war
the term "prague spring" refers to...
reforms by the czechoslovak government of 1968
the image shown above is the example of a new technique for examining the human body which was discovered by...
roentgen
which of the following european states was the last to eliminate legal discrimination against jews?
russia
boris pasternak and alexander solzhenitsyn are best described as...
russian nobel prize winners whose works are critical of the soviet system
french leaders decided to occupy Germany's Ruhr Valley in January 1923 in order to...
seize goods as payment for Germany's reparation debt
on the map, the shaded area is...
serbia
the assassination of archduke ferdinand in 1914 was carried out by nationalists seeking an expanded...
serbia
the purpose of the british poster shown was to...
shame able-bodied men into volunteering for military service
the soivet second world war poster shown above gives which of the following messages?
soviet soldiers defend the motherland like heroes from russian history
which of the following was a major achievement of soviet society during the khrushchev years?
soviet space successes exceeded those of the united states
all of the following allied w/ one of the axis powers during the second world war except..
spain
the nation has been tottering on the verge of military insurrection since it became a republic in 1931, because the republicans included not onyl moderate middle-class liberals but a wide array of extremists....a revolt by the army led to civil war, in which each side recieved aid from outside nations, which served to transform the local conflict into an international ideological war the nation described above was...
spain
all of the following developments during the 1930s contributed to improved relations between the soviet union on the one hands and great britain and france on the other except...
stalin's purge of bolshevik leaders
all of the following describes aspects of lenin's new economic policy except...
state ownership of heavy industry/banks/transport ended
which of the following areas was conceded to hitler at the munich conference of 1938?
sudetenland
all of the following were major goals of the european feminist movement of the late 1960s and 1970s except...
suffrage for women over the age of 21
the illustration above from a 1940 german magazine suggest that women should...
support the war effort by doing their sons' and husbands' jobs
pope john paul II did which of the following?
supported the solidarity labor movement in poland
in the first quarter of the 20th century, women replaced men most rapidly in which of the following pairs of occupation?
teaching and clerical work
after the first world war, it was difficult to write a peace treaty according to woodrow wilson's fourteen points primarily because
the Allies ha secret treaties that conflicted with the fourteen points
all of the following were among president wilson's fourteen points except...
the autonomous development of the peoples of the russian empire
the french and british policy of appeasing mussolini and hitler can be partly explained by...
the belief that the terms of the Versailles treaty were unjust
in the 1930s, one of the effects of the great depression in europe was...
the broadening of popular support for the nazi party in germany
which of the following was NOT as aspect of postwar economic recovery in western europe from 1945 to 1965?
the decline in the relative value of the american dollar
the graph above of the voting (by party) in the german elections from 1921 to 1932 shows which of the following?
the depression saw an increase in the percentage of votes for communist and nazi parties
of the following, which contributed most to germany's defeat in the first world war?
the effects of the allied naval blockade
which of the following triggered the collapse of the soviet union in 1991?
the failure of a hardline coup and Boris Yeltsin's subsequent challenge to Mikhail Gorbachev's leadership
the 1941 political cartoon shown above refers to which of the following?
the fear that the nazi-soviet non agression pact would provide germany w/ access to the middle east oil
which of the following was a major factor in german military victories in 1939-40?
the german army's effective use of armor and air power in the Blitzkrieg
which of the following was most closely associated with anarchism?
the growth of the syndicalist movement
which of the following did european nations commit to when they signed the treaty of european union in 1992?
the introduction of a common currency
which of the following occurred during stalin's first five-year plan?
the liquidation of the kulaks as a class
which of the following provisions affected germany in the versailles treaty was LEAST important in fostering antagonisms that led to the second world war?
the loss of germany's pacific island possessions
all of the following statements regarding changes that occurred in the religious life of western Europe between 1870 and 1914 are true except...
the major jewish communities rejected the changes brought about by urbanization and became more orthodox
the western allies and the soviet union agreed to all of the following measures to be implemented after the second world war except...
the placing of germany under the control of the united nations
"what the breechloader, the machine gun, the steamboat, the steamship, quinine, and other innovations did was to lower the cost in both financial and human terms of penetrating, conquering, and exploiting new territories. so cost-effective did they make imperialism that not only national governments but even individuals like Henry Stanley and Cecil Rhodes could precipitate events and stake out claims to vast territories which later became parts of empires." the historian quoted above would most likely use which of the following statements to explain imperialism in africa in 1870?
the power of european technology provided the mechanism that made imperialism cheap and easy
which of the following factors best explains the transformation and decline of liberalism described in the passage?
the rise of industrial society and of mass political movements
which of the following can be concluded from the two graphs and historical knowledge of the period?
the russian revolution and its immediate aftermath did not encourage the growth of russian industry
which of the following factors most stimulated the entrance of large numbers of women into the labor force in many european countries during the first world war?
the shortage in the labor supply
the british cartoon refers to..
the soviet invasion of czechoslovakia in 1968
"inasmuch as the regime, because of its rigidity, will find it increasingly more difficult to raise industrial output, it is obvious that the standard of living in many sectors of our society may be threatened." the statement above was most likely written by a contemporary observor of...
the soviet union at the time of brezhnev
one major consequence of the first world war was
the start of the russian revolution
unlike marx, lenin emphasized that...
the working class, on its own, would not develop revoltutionary consciousness
according to the two graphs, which of the following is an accurate statement?
there was a low correlation between a country's total population and its per capital level of industrial production
which of the following statements about 20th century existentialists like Albert Camus and Jean-Paul Sarte is true?
they questioned the efficacy of reason and science in understanding the human situation
which of the following best describes the condition of guest workers in post-second world war europe?
they were given little opportunity to achieve citizenship on many host countries
which of the following best describes the nazi party's ideal role for "aryan" women in germany?
they were to be mothers, wives, and homemakers
which of the following best summarizes Nazi aims in the systematic killing of millions of Jews, along with large numbers of communists, disabled people, gypsies, homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses, and socialists?
to eliminate allegedly inferior and undesirable peoples
"the allied and associated governments affirm, and germany accepts, the responsibility of germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage...as a consequence of the war." -- treaty of versailles 1919 which of the following best states one purpose of the treaty clause above?
to justify large reparations payments from germany
which of the following was a major factor responsible for the bolshevik victory in the russian civil war?
trotsky created a disciplined and effective red army
which of the following was a result of marshall plan?
united states political and economic influence increased in western and southern europe
"i know that society may be formed so as to exist without crime, without poverty, with health greatly improved, with little, if any, misery, and with intelligence and happiness increased a hundred-fold; and no obstable whatsoever intervenes at this moment, except ignorance, to prevent such a state of society from becoming universal." the quotation above best illustrates the ideology of which of the following?
utopian socialism
in the 1960s, western european women's lives were significantly changed by the...
widespread use of oral contraceptives
in the years immediately after the first world war, which of the following was the most important change affecting the status of germany women?
women received the right to vote
the symbol above advocates the union in political action of which of the following classes or groups in italian society?
workers/peasants/intellectuals
european liberals in the first half of the 19th century typically supported...
written constitutions and wider suffrage
by 1948, Soviet-dependent regimes existed in all of the following countries except...
yogoslavia
one of the first economic unions in modern european history, founded in 1834 by a group of german states, was known as the...
zollverein