AP Gov - Test Questions: Chapter 6

When the media regularly focus public attention on violent crime, political corruption, or economic woes, they are engaged in

agenda setting

​Early TV network news programs focused their evening news programs on

an anchorman

The phrase "on background" means that media are permitted to

anonymously quote material without identifying the source.

It is quite possible that campaign coverage is affected by a(n) __________ among journalists.

anti-incumbent bias

Advocates of dropping all FCC content regulations believe that

broadcast media should be treated the same as other forms of media

The first media technology to make broadcast journalists into household names was

Radio

General entertainment programming that often includes discussions of political affairs, such as The Daily Show, The Today Show, and The View

Soft News

A story that contains no policy content and is not related to the day's events but that commonly discusses popular personalities and is designed to draw greater viewer interest is

infotainment

Journalistic norms of objectivity and accuracy grew because of a _________ and allowing focuses on ____________ rather than ________

lack of competition quality sensationalism

Available evidence seems to indicate that there are _________ among journalists and reporters.

liberal leanings

Some research indicates that people who watch partisan news become​

more extreme in their politics

Until the early 1960s, most Americans cited __________ as the source from which they got most of their news.

newspapers

The phrase "off the record" means that media are

not allowed to print the information

The first newspapers in the United States were financed by

political parties that advocated party causes

The traditional division of mass media into _________ has been made problematic by the Internet.

print and media

Reaction to a film posted on YouTube made by an Egyptian-American that mocked the Muslim prophet Muhammad is an example of the influence of new media platforms; that they impact the types of

stories that get picked up by the mainstream media

Counting both print and online users, news readership of newspapers​ is

up overall

__________ percent of surveyed adults indicated that they learned about the 2008 political campaign from comedy shows like The Daily Show, The Colbert Report, or Saturday Night Live.

30%

_____ of Americans listen to traditional AM/FM radio weekly.

90%

The Internet was started in _____ with support from ______

1969 ; US department of Defense

A 2006 survey found that if the government feels information threatens national security, _______ Americans favor government censorship.​

1/3

Chinese political activists have used inflatable ducks and Legos to recreate the ____________ in a way that will avoid _______

1989 Tiananmen Square Protest ; censors

Group leaders who follow news in specific areas

Attentive Policy Elites

A recent example of popular music conveying a political message is "Born This Way," by Lady Gaga, which focuses on

Bullying

A country where the government heavily censors Internet news and search engines

China

More and more, cable news seems analogous to

Early partisan newspapers

This Amendment prohibits Congress from abridging freedom of the press

First Amendment

The current debate about "net neutrality" concerns whether

ISPs should be allowed to censor web content for indecency

Currently, _________ is (are) most Americans' primary news source.

TV

After the 2012 election, which of the following received the lowest rating from Americans?

The Media

Content analysis of network news suggests that most coverage focuses on

The President

occurs when a media outlet such as a magazine informs a relatively small number of group leaders who follow news in a specific area, and those leaders in turn mobilize their followers to put pressure on public officials.

The two step flow of communication

This president was the first to provide space in the White House for reporters

Theodore Roosevelt

When excluding horserace stories, media coverage of Mitt Romney in the 2012 presidential campaign, compared to coverage of Barack Obama, was​

about the same

Most news printed about Congress comes from

congressional press releases and prepared reports

Available evidence seems to indicate that there are __________ among editors and owners of the major news media.

conservative leanings

The mass media influence the socialization process because they play ___________ roles, sometime promotion popular support for the government and sometime eroding public confidence in it

contradictory

Private ownership of the media in the United States makes the American news industry

dependent on advertising revenues

Crime rates fell in every major category (rape, burglary, robbery, assault, and murder) from the 1980s until very recently, but as one journalist said, "Crime coverage is not editorially driven; it's_________."

economically driven

A 2011 news analysis found that cable TV was particularly devoted to __________ whereas online news sites and newspapers provided more coverage of __________.

election coverage ; foreign affairs

The now-abolished __________ obligated broadcasters to discuss public issues and to provide equal coverage of all opinions on those issues.

fairness doctrine

The media executives, news editors, and prominent reporters who decide which events to report and how to report them

gatekeepers

the tendency of journalists to limit coverage of campaigns to coverage of which candidate is leading or behind in the polls at the time, rather than chiefly covering the issues, during a presidential election

horse race journalism

The Media in the US has played a ___________ role in ________-

important ; advancing equality

To stay in business in the digital age, many newspapers have __________ their online content, with varying degrees of success.

instituted paywalls for

The "television hypothesis" is the belief that television is to blame for the

low level of citizen's knowledge about public affairs

The amount of information online is so vast that most people rely on _________ to help them determine which news is real and important.​

mainstream media

By improving the quality of information transmitted to the people about their government, the mass media at various time serves both the __________ and ___________ of American politics

majoritarian and pluralist model

The reasonable access rule required broadcasters to ____________ to ___________________ in a community wishing to express ___________

make facilities available all responsible parties conflicting views on issues

A poll of Americans who had seen or heard of Michael Moore's 2007 documentary Sicko found that _________ changed their mind and said health-care reform was more necessary.

nearly half

In response to financial stress, some have suggested that newspapers operate as ___________, allowing them to be funded through endowments, donations, and perhaps government support.

nonprofits

Representatives of the mass media frequently defend the importance of freedom of the press, even if it comes at the expense of

order

Regarding the Internet, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) doesn't have jurisdiction to

regulate Internet content

The fairness doctrine, the equal opportunities rule, and the reasonable access rule are all rules under which the FCC has

regulate broadcast medi

The Telecommunications Act of 1996 ________

relaxed the rule governing media ownership

​Newspapers owned by publicly-traded chains are more likely to

resort to negative or positive spins on the news

In the early days of radio, owners​ sought government regulation of the airwaves to

restrict others' freedom to enter broadcasting and compete.

Most politicians and many scholars believe that the media's greatest influence on politics is its ability to

set the political agenda

Newspapers did not move toward independent ownership and large circulation until

the 1830s

Officials send out __________ when they intentionally leak news to gauge the reaction of the public or other political leaders.

trial balloons

In the US today, the mass media provides a ________________ between the people and the government

two way channel of communication