Army SHARP Foundation Course Module 1

Define Culture

A system of beliefs and customs that comprise the shared values, attitudes, and lifestyles of a particular group

Where would you find the Army's policy on sexual harassment?

AR 600-20

What regulation governs Army Civilians compaintants?

AR 690-600, EEO Discrimination Complaints

What three victim assistance programs were created in 1972?

Aid for Victims of Crimes (St. Louis, MO) Bay Area Crimes Against Rape (San Fransisco, CA) Rape Crisis Center (Washington, D.C.)

What are two reasons many people may not interpret an event as a problem?

Ambiguity and Conformity

Apart from the misperceptions of social norms, what are the reasons that people don't intervene?

Ambiguity, fear, conformity, diffusion of responsibility, personal safety, none of their business, don't know how

What is a sexual innuendo?

An indirect remark, suggesting something rude or sexual in nature and is another term for inappropriate behavior that causes misunderstandings.

Where should you refer Soldiers with complaints of harassment or discrimination based on sexual orientation?

EO or Commander

What is the potential psychological effect that matches the following: The individual may feel humiliated by the experience

Embarassment

What is the bottom-line intent of the I. A.M. Strong Campaign?

End sexual harassment and sexual assault, improve individual and unit readiness, and ultimately, to achieve a cultural change

What are the two types of sexual harassment?

quid pro quo (the harassers request sexual favors in exchange for something else) hostile work environment (jokes, touching, leering, victim does not want to go to work and have to deal with harassment)

Unit command climate surveys are required within ___ days of assuming command. (_____ days for Army National Guard and U.S. Army Reserve) and annually thereafter.

within 60 days of assuming command. (120 days for Army National Guard and U.S. Army Reserve)

How long does a Soldiers and Family Members (over 18 years of age) have to file a formal Sexual Harassment complaint?

60 calendar days

What is "perceived norm" versus "actual norm"?

"perceived norm" is what people THINK others believe and do "actual norm" is what others ACTUALLY believe and do

What are reason that people do not intervene with issues?

*Assumed it wasn't a problem Ambiguity- not enough information Conformity- going with the flow *Didn't know when/how to intervene *Bystander apathy- assumed it's none of their business *Diffusion of responsibility- assumed someone else would intervene *Feared for personal safety- why risk it?

What are some boundary violations?

*Engaging in any relationship with a victim *Inviting a victim to your home *Accepting goods or services *Extending a social invitation *Sharing personal information *Sharing your opinion about reporting options *Supporting a course of action that you believe is in the victim's best interest without his or her consent

What are the four types of Army briefings?

*Information Briefing: Delivers information that does not include conclusions or recommendations, nor does it require decisions *Decision Briefing- It presents the recommended solution based on analysis or study of a problem or problem area *Mission Briefing- coordinates an effort toward accomplishing the mission *Staff Briefing- May have characteristics of information briefings, decision briefings, and mission briefings. Coordinates unit efforts by informing the commander and staff of the current situation.

What are the elements of P5D?

*Projection- Can you be heard from anywhere in the room? *Pitch- Do you vary tone or sound monotone? Do you provide emphasis as needed? *Pace- Do you go so fast that no one can follow? Speak so slow you put people to sleep? *Pauses- Do you pause in between thoughts?? Do you allow transition between ideas? *Pronunciation- Do you use proper grammar or do you use slang? Do you have a heavy accent? *Distractors- Do you move around the room too much? Not enough?

Identify important communication boundaries that you should establish with a victim

*Provide professional information only *Separate appropriate and inappropriate behavior *Do not promote a false sense of security *Ease into boundaries *Discuss that you are an advocate and a coordinator *Guide the victim *Do not let the victim get too connected *Help a victim with all the resources that could help him or her

What are the four prevention steps the Army advocates using to prevent sexual harassment and sexual assault?

1. Know and follow rules 2. Reduce threats 3. Promote Awareness 4. Influence Behavior

Explain the five steps of the intervention process

1. Notice the Event (Situational Awareness) 2. Interpret the event or behavior as a problem (Is the behavior in line with Army Values) 3. Feel responsible for solving the problem (personal conviction) 4. Choose how to intervene (Seek input if needed) 5. Build the culture to eliminate the problem (Dignity and respect)

What rights does a crime victim have under the Crime Victims' Rights Act?

1. Right to be reasonably protected from the accused 2. Right to reasonable, accurate, and timely notice 3. Right not to be excluded from any public proceedings 4. Right to be reasonably heard 5. Reasonable right to confer with government's attorney 6. Right to full and timely restitution as provided in law 7. Right to proceedings free from unreasonable delay 8. Right to be treated with fairness and with respect for the victim's dignity and privacy

What three things did psychiatrist Martin Symonds discover when working with victims?

1. Sometimes law enforcement interaction following a crime brings about a re-victimization 2. That most vctims of different forms of trauma respond in the same ways 3. That quality intervention has consistent characteristics *initial hours and the way you handle working with a victim are incredibly important

What is the purpose of the DoD Sexual Assault Advocate Certification Program (D-SAACP)?

1. Standardize sexual assault response to victims and professionalize military victim advocacy. 2. Recognize SARC/VAs specialized training, dedicated service, and commitment to upholding the highest standards for vicitm care and privacy

What are the five ways a single incident of sexual assault can affect an entire unit?

1. Victims may not be able to fulfill their duties or may otherwise have their ability to perform the mission compromised. 2. Soldiers are distracted from their mission by a potential threat to their own safety and wellbeing 3. Alleged perpetrators are often placed on an administrative hold and therefore cannot deploy with their units. 4. Divisiveness may exist not only within a unit but also between units if an alleged perpetrator is in one unit and the victim is in another 5. Unit leadership attention shifts from the normal duties involved in maintaining readiness to investigation, charges, handling of the accused, addressing a victim's needs, and restoring the unit's cohesion and trust.

When was the first crime victim compensation program established in California?

1965

When were the first three victim assistance programs created?

1972

When was the National Organization for Victim Assistance founded?

1975

What year did they proclaim National Victims' Rights Week?

1981

When did the first class graduate from the NVAA?

1995

When was the Justice for All Act passed

2004

How long do Army civilian complaintants have to contact the EEO office to initiate the complaint process?

45 calendar days *Command/supervisor notification does not count to the 45-day limit. Must be EEO office

What is the potential psychological effect that matches the following: Talking about what happened caused too much pain and concern for the individual, who may also think that what is mentioned or witnessed in the present could also trigger similar emotions (or flashbacks) from past experiences

Anxiety

What are the areas that, if touched, changes a physical contact sexual harrassment complaint to a sexual assault complaint?

B.I.G. B.A.G. Breasts Inner thigh Groin Buttocks Anus Genitals (vulva, penis, scrotum)

AR 600-20, Army Command Policy, devotes which chapters and appendices to sexual harassment and sexual assault?

Chapters 7 and 8 Appendices C, & E-J

Who initiates a unit command climate survey

Commander and EOA

What is the potential psychological effect that matches the following: The individual may not know how to describe what has happened.

Confusion

A system of beliefs, customs (habits and practices), values, attitudes, and lifestyles of a particular group is a description of _______________.

Culture

What are potential impacts of sexual harassment on the unit?

Decrease productivity Creates polarization in the unit Creates a disrespectful environment Distracts from goals and mission accomplishment

What are potential impacts of sexual harassment on an individual?

Depression Detachment Difficulty with Trust Decline in Performance

The Army will treat all victims of sexual assault with what?

Dignity, Fairness, & Respect

What are reasons people don't intervene?

Don't feel responsible Lack of confidence Unsupported

Who coined the term "Rape Trauma Syndrome"

Dr. Ann Burgess

Who was a psychiatrist that worked with trauma victims for the New York City police and discovered that the first moments of interaction with police officers at the scene of the crime are crucial to victims?

Dr. Martin Symonds

Who was a psychologist at New York University who wrote The Crime Victim's Book (a book for victims of crimes published in 1979 that is also very useful for police and victim advocates)?

Dr. Morton Bard

What are some active listening techniques?

Engaging- Engaging in the conversation by eliminating distractions Focusing- Focusing on what is said, rather than on your response Thinking- Taking time to think and reflect on what is said before speaking Questioning- Beginning with close-ended questions in order to establish basic facts and moving to open-ended questions in order to probe and obtain more information Clarifying- clarifying comments made, as needed, in order to gain more information and prevent any misunderstandings Paraphrasing- Paraphraze to summarize key points and achnowledge emotions Using "I" Statements

Army civlian complaintants are referred to where to address SHARP issues?

Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) Program

List six methods used to assess the climate of a unit

Everyday observations Unit records Focus groups One-on-one conversations Staff/unit meetings Surveys or assessment

Who is responsible for creating a climate of prevention?

Everyone

Explain False Consensus

False consensus- "everybody's with me" Individuals- *Tend to be the loudest and most aggressive in the group ("ring leader") *Believe that others think or behave like them when in fact they do not *Use this false assumption to deny their behaviors are negative *Things that they are the "majority" but really they are the "minority" When combined with pluralistic ignorance, false consensus can create a subculture that works against one's mission and values

Explain false uniqueness

False uniqueness- "odd person out" Individuals: *Assume that the difference between their attitudes and those of others is greater than it actually is ("loner" or "goody-two-shoes") *May not participate in various activities and falsely assume that they are more unique than they really are *disappears when they see sexual harassment going on

Where do you refer family members under the age of 18 for any sexaul harassment or sexual assault issues?

Family Advocacy Program

What is the potential psychological effect that matches the following: The individual may be afraid of the potential effects of the experience, which could include concern for retaliation, being isolated or ostracized, and the harasser becoming angry over getting in trouble

Fear

What are reasons people act to intervene?

Feel Responsible, confident, supported

What is the potential psychological effect that matches the following: The individual may feel responsible for what has happened and blame him or herself

Guilt

What are the six benefits of a climate of prevention?

Increases shared expectations, trust and cohesion, respect for fellow Soldiers, and mission effectiveness. Decreases tolerance of inappropriate behavior and behaviors that lead to sexual harassment and/or sexual assault.

What is ICRS?

Integrated Case Reporting System (database to track sexual harassment complaints)

The "I. A.M." in the I. A.M. Strong Campaign stands for what?

Intervene, Act, Motivate

What should the presentation introduction include?

Introduction, name and duty title, topic, transition, motivator, and purpose

What are the three phases of a presentation, briefing, or speech?

Introduction, presentation, or summary

What are the Key questions on the Sexual Harassment Checklist?

Is the behavior sexual in nature? Is the behavior unwelcomed? Would a responsible person find the behavior inappropriate? Does one or more of the following exist? Power, control, and influence Hostile or offensive environment

What is the Army's policy on sexual harassment?

It is unacceptable conduct and will not be tolerated

What is verbal communication?

It's a channel for exchanging information, thoughts, feelings, and attitudes between people using words It consists of what we say and how we say it

Who was a probation officer in Fresno, CA who created the first victim's impact statement in 1974?

James Rowland

What is the potential psychological effect that matches the following: The individual may have difficulty believing in others' intentions. As a result, he or she may not want to report anything because of a feeling that reporting the incident is useless and that no one will believe it occurred.

Mistrust

Why is it important to maintain appropriate boundaries of communication

Model health communication and professional relationships Deliver services Maintain accountability

Which organization credentials SARC and VAs?

NOVA- National Organization for Victim Assistance

Can military complaintant sue?

No

First Lieutenant (1LT) Cuellar has a screen saver on her computer of a female dressed in short shorts and a bikini top washing a car. What category or type of sexual harassment is this?

Non-verbal sexual harassment

What are the four campaign phases of the I. A.M. strong campaign?

Phase 1- Committed Army Leadership (Summit held in 2008) Phase 2- Army-wide conviction (leader buy-in) Phase 3- Achieve cultural change (notice and identify unaccepable behaviors, address the behaviors) Phase 4- Sustainment, refinement, and sharing (share best practices, review and modify as needed)

What are the three categories of sexual harassment?

Physical Verbal Non-verbal

Explain pluralistic ignorance

Pluralistic ignorance- "maybe it's just me" Individuals: *May privately disdain but publicly support a norm or belief *Act counter to their own beliefs to fit in, engaging in unhealthy behaviors that they mistakenly think are the norm ("follow the crowd") *Recognize that conforming with the norm is at variance with their own values, but assume a similar discrepancy does not exist in others ("maybe it's just me") *Think that they are "minority" but really are "majority"

What are the types of misperceptions of social norms?

Pluralistic ignorance- "maybe it's just me" False uniqueness- "odd person out" False consensus- "everybody's with me"

How are prevention and intervention different?

Prevention- stopping something from happening or arising Intervention- coming between something by way of hindrance or modification

What policies and regulations govern SHARP?

Primary- AR 600-20 Ch 7 & 8; Appendices C, & E-J DODD 6495.01- SAPR Program DODI 6495.02- SAPR Program Procedures UCMJ Articles 80, 93,117, 120 & 134 Additional- DODD 1350.2- DOD Military Equal Opportunity (MEO) Program DODI 6495.03- Defense Sexual Assault Advocate Certification Program (D-SAACP) AR 27-10 Military Justice Federal Victim and Witness Protection Act of 1982 Victims of Crime Act of 1984 Megan's Law Victims' Rights and Restitution Act The Protection Act (Amber's Law) Justice for All Act in 2004 Manual for Courts-Martial (MCM) 2019 Edition DODI 1440.1- DOD Civilian EEO Program AR 690-600- EEO Discrimination Complaints Army EEO & Anti-Harassment Policy for the Workplace Army Anti-Harassment Policy DODD 1030.01- Victim and Witness Assistance

What are the four SHARP Program Functional Areas

Program Management Response Prevention Training

Define Climate

Recurring patterns of behavior, attitudes, and feelings that characterize life in the organization

What are some ways to enhance nonverbal communication?

Remain silent Make sympathetic sounds Nod your head appropriately Sit at an angle Smile Appear relaxed Be interested in what the victim is saying

The Army integrated _____________ and ____________ to create the SHARP program.

Sexual Assault and Prevention and Response (SAPR) Prevention of Sexual Harassment (POSH)

What is the potential psychological effect that matches the following: The individual may feel ashamed of what has happened and may not want to accept the idea that he or she has been sexually harassed; this may cause the individual to feel as if he or she should have been able to prevent or eliminate the harassment.

Shame

What are the four steps to prevent sexual harassment and sexual assault

Step One- Know and Follow the Rules Step Two- Reduce threats Step Three- Promote Awareness Step Four- Influence behavior

What is the potential psychological effect that matches the following: Examples of specifics related to sexual harassment include character attacks, same-sex harassment, and for males, masculinity being called into question

Stress *This did not make much sense but its how it is in the book

What has the Army's historical perspective taught us about addressing the problems of sexual harassment and sexual assault?

That a reactive strategy that focuses on victim behavior is not effective for the long term in addressing the problem of sexual harassment and sexual assault in the military. Reactive (victim focus/blaming) to Proactive (perpetrator focus/blaming)

Define Intervention

The action of coming between something by way of hindrance or modification

Define Prevention

The action of stopping something from happening or arising

What is victimology?

The scientific study of victimization including the relationships between victims and offenders, the interactions between victims and the criminal justice system (that is, the police, the courts, and correction officials), and the connections between victims and other social groups and institutions, such as media, businesses, and social movements. *Victimology is, however, not restricted to the study of victims of crime alone, but also may include other forms of human rights violations.

What is the goal of leveraging the Army Values for the SHARP Program?

To have Army values establish the "norm of intervening and to prevent sexual harassment and sexual assault

Under Article 120 of the UCMJ, how is sexual contact defined?

Touching, or causing another person to touch, either directly or through the clothing, the vulva, penis, scrotum, anus, groin, breast, inner thigh, or buttocks of any person, with an intent to abuse, humiliate, harass, or degrade any person or to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person. Touching may be accomplished by any part of the body or an object. *Touching in these areas above makes it sexual assault not physical sexual harassment

What can we do to reduce each of the barriers/reasons people do not intervene?

Understand each misperception to help individuals feel more supported and more likely to take responsibility and intervene

What are some examples of Sexual harassment?

Unwelcomed sexual advances Request for sexual favors

What verbal communicators should not be used during a presentation?

Use of monotone voice, speaking too fast/too slow, using fillers (umm, ah, ok, you know, etc.), slurring, mumbling words or phrases, exhibiting nervous vocal habit (throat clearing, sniffing, or humming)

What do values represent?

Values are an integral part of the culture and establish what we will or will not accept in a given situation.

Platoon Staff Sergeant (SSG) Hicks teaches the Advanced Individual Training (AIT) platoon a cadence that goes like this: "If all fo the ladies were pies on a shelf and I was a baker, I'd eat them all myself." What category or type of sexual harassment is this?

Verbal sexual harassment

Can Army civilian complainants sue?

Yes