Art exam final

The Great Mosque at Djenne, Mali, begun 13th century, rebuilt 1906-1907

Resembles Middle Eastern mosques. but abode and wood are distinctively African.

Running horned woman rock painting, from Tassili n'Ajjer, Algeria, ca. 6000-4000 BCE,

Running woman with body paint, raffle skirt, and horned headgear

tatanua

In New Ireland (Papua New Guinea), the spirits of the dead

Satimbe

"Sister on the head." A Dogon (Mali) mask representing all women

Satimbe masquerader, Dogon, Mali, mid- to late 20th century

"sister on the head" represents all woman. Masks commemorate the legend describing woman as the first masquerades.

Master of the Symbolic Execution, saltcellar, Sapi-Portuguese, from Sierra Leone, ca. 1490-1540

17 inches tall. Depicts an execution. Combines African and Portuguese features. Executioner wears European pants and sits among other severed heads.

bocio

A Fon (Republic of Benin) empowerment figure.

nduen fobara

A Kalabari Ijaw (Nigeria) ances- tral screen in honor of a deceased chief of a trading house.

pfemba

A Yombe (Democratic Republic of Congo) mother-and-child group.

Mbari

A ceremonial Igbo (Nigeria) house built about every 50 years in honor of the earth god- dess Ala.

composite view

A convention of representation in which part of a figure is shown in profile and another part of the same figure is shown fron- tally; also called twisted perspective.

poupou

A decorated wall panel in a Maori (New Zealand) meetinghouse.

Dilukai

A female figure with splayed legs, a common motif over the entrance to a Belau bai, serving as both guardian and fertility symbol.

thermoluminescence

A method of dating by measuring amounts of radiation found within the clay of ceramic or sculptural forms, as well as in the clay cores from metal castings.

radiocarbon dating

A method of measuring the decay rate of carbon isotopes in organic matter to determine the age of organic materi- als such as wood and fiber.

pukao

A small red scoria cylinder serving as a topknot or hat on Easter Island moai.

ahu

A stone platform on which the moai of Easter Island stand. Ahu marked burial sites or served ceremonial purposes.

Emily Kame Kngwarreye, Untitled, 1992. Synthetic polymer paint on canvas

Aborginal painter Kngwarreye, shows her background as a batik artist. Abstract paintings draw tinspiration from the seeds and plants of the arid Australian landscape.

Auuenau, from Western Arnhem Land, Australia, 1913. Ochre on bark

Aboriginal depictions of "dreamings' ancestral spirits who pervade the present using 'x-ray style'

bisj pole

An elaborately carved pole constructed from the trunk of the mangrove tree. The Asmat people of southwestern New Guinea created bisj poles to indicate their intent to avenge a relative's death.

bai

An elaborately painted men's ceremonial house on Belau (formerly Palau) in the Caro- line Islands of Micronesia.

koru

An unrolled spiral design used by the Maori of New Zealand in their tattoos.

tapa

Barkcloth made particularly in Polynesia. Tapa is often dyed, painted, stenciled, and sometimes perfumed.

Willie Bester, Homage to Steve Biko, South Africa, 1992. Mixed media

Black liberation movement the protested aparthied in South Africa. Injustice of biki's death fill the painting.

Akati Akpele Kendo, Warrior figure (Gu?), from the palace of King Glele, Abomey, Fon, Republic of Benin, 1858-59. Iron,

Bocio Example Probably represent war god Gu. Fon believed it protected their king, they set him up in battlefield.

Nok head, from Rafin Kura, Nigeria, ca. 500 BCE - 200 CE. Terracotta

Come from Nigeria, Nok Cultures produced expressive terracotta heads with large eyes, mouths, and ears. Piecing equalized the heat during the firing process.

Trigo Piula, Ta Tele, Democratic Republic of Congo, 1988. Oil on canvas

Commentary on modern life showwing congolese in television pictures outside of Africa. The man in the middle is a power figure

ngatu

Decorated tapa made by women in Tonga. nihonga—A 19th-century Japanese painting style that incorporated some Western techniques in Japanese-style painting, as opposed to yoga (Western painting).

Beta Giorghis (Church of St. George), Lalibela, Ethiopia, 13th century

Emulates Byzantine models and has a greek-cross plan and inferior frescoes.

Reliquary guardian figure (bieri), Fang, Gabon, late 19th century. Wood

Fang Bieri guard, dark boxes of ancestor bones (reliquaries). Bodies of infants and mascularity of adults, suggesting the cycle of life.

malanggan

Festivals held in honor of the de- ceased in New Ireland (Papua New Guinea). Also, the carvings and objects produced for these festivals.

Female mask, Mende, Sierra Leone, 20th century. Wood and pigment,

Ideals of female beauty morality and behavior. Large forehead signifies wisdon, neck beauty and health, and the plaited hair the order of ideal households. Woman are masqueraders.

Ala and Amadioha, painted clay sculptures in an mbari, Igbo, Umugote Orishaeze Nigeria, photographed in 1966.

Igbo erect mud mbari houses earth goddess Ala. Ala in traditional dress with body paint Thunder God Amadioha in modern dress.

Waist pendant of a Queen Mother, from Benin, Nigeria, ca. 1520. Ivory and iron,

Ivory head probably portrays Idia, mother of Oba Esigie, who wore it on the waist. Above are portugesse heads and musfish, symbols, God of the sea.

Ancestral screen (nduen fobara), Kalabari Ijaw, Nigeria, late 19th century. Wood, fiber, and cloth

Known for the shrine's for it's exceptional complexity

moai

Large, blocky figural stone sculptures found on Rapa Nui (Easter Island) in Polynesia.

Elema Heveche masks retreating into the men's house, Orokolo Bay, Papua New Guinea, Melanesia

Makes represent female sea spirits

Cliff Whiting (Te Whanau-A-Apanui), Tawhiri-Matea (God of the Winds), Maori, Polynesia, 1984. Oil on wood and fiberboard,

Masterpiece of woodcrafting Abstract cuverator suggest wind turbulence

Wepiha Apanui, Mataatua meetinghouse (view of interior), Maori, Whakatane, New Zealand, Polynesia

Meeting house is entire body of the ancestors

Iatmul ceremonial men's house, East Sepik, Papua New Guinea, Melanesia, mid- to late 20th century

Men's house is the center of Iatmul life. protective mantle of ancestors. Carved ornament includes female ancestors in the birthing position.

Tatanua mask, from New Ireland, Papua New Guinea, Melanesia, 19th to 20th centuries. Wood, fiber, shell, lime, and feathers

New Ireland Soul from this world to that of the dead. Masks representing the deceased play a key role in these ceremonies.

Equestrian figure on fly-whisk hilt, from Igbo Ukwu, Nigeria, 9th to 10th century CE. Copper-alloy bronze

Oldest known African lost-wax cast bronze. A leader used this to extend his reach and magnify his gestures. The rulers size is exaggerated compared t his steed.

Altar to the Hand and Arm (ikegobo), from Benin, Nigeria, 17th to 18th century. Bronze

One Benin king's praise names is "great head", He is bigger than the other figures and his proportions are distorted to emphasize his head

Nail figure (nkisi n'kondi), Kongo, Democratic Republic of Congo, ca. 1875-1900. Wood, nails, blades, medicinal materials, and cowrie shell

Only priest could consecrate kongo power figures, they have spirits that can heal or inflict harm.

Feather cloak ('ahu 'ula), from Hawaii, Polynesia, ca. 1824-1843. Feathers and fiber netting

Shows men of high rank

Tattooed warrior with war club, Nukahiva, Marquesas Islands, Polynesia, early 19th century. Color engraving

Tats showed high status, espically military rank

bieri

The wooden reliquary guardian figures of the Fang in Gabon and Cameroon.

Walls and tower, Great Enclosure, Great Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe, 14th century.

Trade network thta extended to the near east and china. Royal residence was surrounded by 30 foot high stone.

King, from Ita Yemoo (Ife), Nigeria, 11th to 12th century. Zinc-brass,

Unlike most African sculptures, this royal figurehas a nationalistically modeled torso and facial features the approach portraiture. The head which is the epicenter of wisdom, is disproportionately large. .

Yombe mother and child (pfemba), Kongo, Democratic Republic of Congo, late 19th century. Wood, glass, glass beads, brass tacks, pigment

Wears royal cap and jewlry and displays her cheest sacrification. May represent ancestor of legendary founding clan mother.

ikegobo

a Benin royal shrine

reliquary

a container for holy relics

akua'ba

a female doll used as a fertility aid by young Asanti women in Ghana

idealized naturalism

a style that follows nature, but is rendered in a way that represents a certain ideal (physical perfection, wisdom and seniority, etc.)

oni

ruler

Dilukai, from Belau. Wood, pigment, and fiber

symbol of protection and fertility

relics

valued holy objects from the past