Bio EOC
coden is a sequence of three nucleotides that code for an amino acid. if the DNA sequence is shown here goes through transcription and translation how many amino acids will result from the sequence
3
why does the study of cell membrane lead to better understanding of cell function
All materials needed for cell functions must pass through the cell membrane
which statement best compares a eukaryote and prokaryote
Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotes have few specialized structures.
to help patients replenish bodily fluids quickly during an illness doctors need to understand how cells behave in their environment. Doctors have confidence in what they know about how cells behave because
South theory has been tested refined and observed to be true over hundreds of years
in which of the domains would it be easiest to determine the phylogenetic relationship among organisms
The eukaryotes are easiest because they tend not to share genetic material with other except when they are reproducing sexually
oxygen is a product of photosynthesis. The primary role of this oxygen in cellular respiration is
act as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen forming water
The sodium potassium ion pump found in most cell membranes is made of which of the following basic structural components
amino acids
which of the following best compares the structures found in plant cells and animal cells
animal cells do not contain chloroplasts cell walls or a large central vacuole while plant cells do
which of the following best compares the structure of lipids and carbohydrates
both consistent of carbon hydrogen and oxygen but carbohydrates have repeating structure units and lipids do not
in pea plans that allele for white flowers is recessive to the allele for purple flowers. in a generation of pea plants 89 produce purple flowers in 31 produced white flowers. which of the following is the best conclusion you can make about the parent's plans of this generation
both parent plans are heterozygous for flower color
which statement describes how photosynthesis in cellular respiration are interrelated
carbon dioxide and water released by cellular respiration are used in photosynthesis
which of the following best explains why meiosis results in greater genetic diversity than mitosis
daring meiosis chromosomes absorbed themselves independently of each other which allows for more possible combinations of chromosomes
what is a primary function of the cell membrane
defending against foreign particles
which of the following best describes how the process of crossing over during meiosis leads to an increase in genetic diversity
during prophase I, DNA segments are exchanged between a homologous chromosomes, resulting in different combinations of alleles
The allele brown eyes is dominant to the allele for blue eyes. which of the following best explains how two brown-eyed parents could produce a blue-eyed child
each parent must be carrying the recessive allele for blue eyes
which of the following best describes a characteristic that distinguishes fungi from other kingdoms
fungi are multicellular and breakdown dead plant and animal matter
based on your knowledge of scientific investigations, which stage of scientific investigation did the invention of the microscope significantly advance
gathering the data for the investigation
what are the reactants of cellular respiration
glucose and O2
a variety of organic molecules have been found in meter rights that have landed on Earth including individual amino acids and lipid molecules. today however no microspheres have been found on these meteor. why is it unlikely that microspheres will ever be found on a meteorite even though lipids can form on them
groups of lipids will only form into microspheres that when they are in liquid water
Early elements of the South theory followed soon after the development of Hooke's light microscope. what does this relationship suggest about the evolution of the cell theory since Hooke
improvements in technology are closely related to changes in the cell theory
which of the following best describes a result of the polar nature of water molecules
ionic compounds dissolve easily in water
which of the following best summarizes why the technology invention of microscope was important to biology
it allowed for development of the cell theory
as food travels it through digestive system it is exposed to a variety of pH levels. this stomach has a pH of two due to the presence of a hydrochloric acid (HCI) and the small intestines has a pH ranging from 7 to 9. HCI converts pepsinogen into pepsin and enzyme that digest proteins in the stomach. which of the following most likely happens to pepsin as it enters the small intestine
it becomes inactive
an unknown plant species has still matter xylem and phloem. it reproduces sexually and has male pollen cones and female seed cones. which of the following is the most logical conclusion about the classification of this plant
it is a Gino sperm and belongs to the division Coniferophyta
assume a group of scientists has managed to set up an experiment simulating the conditions of early Earth that result in a cell with DNA using RNA to produce proteins from amino acids as modern cells do. what conclusion could they draw from this experiment
it is possible for a cell similar to a modern cell to form under the conditions of the experiment
a student is conducting an investigation to determine the effect of temperature on the metabolism of yeast. yeast and sugar are added to water, the gas in water produced is captured, and it's volume is recorded. which variables should be held constant during this investigation
mass of yeast and mass of sugar
some organisms are able to reproduce asexually through mitosis well cells of organisms that produce sexually will undergo meiosis to produce gametes. which process do you predict would be most beneficial to a species during a drastic change in environment conditions
meiosis; it results in more genetic variation which would help ensure the species will survive
which of the following correctly compares two of the divisions of the plant kingdom
non-vascular plants lack xylem and phloem and produce asexually while and geosperms have xylem and phloem and produce sexually
which of the following best describes the difference between the functions of nucleic acid and enzymes
nucleic acid contains genetic code for protein synthesis while enzymes catalyze a chemical reactions
why do cells need TRNA and MRNA
only TRNA bends into a shape that can carry specific amino acids
water has a much higher specific heat than most other covenant compounds. what do you predict might happen if water had a low specific heat instead
organisms that are sensitive to change in temperature would die
The activities that take place to meet human needs can often be harmful to ecosystems. by developing sustainable practices however we can help protect our which of the following changes that would be most helpful in reaching sustainability
planting trees to replace those that are cut down by logging
many insects such as mosquitoes and dragonfly spend their juvenile stage as aquatic larvae before becoming winged in airborne adults. most years these insects are extremely abundant in the arctic tundra in a summer. what my account for this
pools of water which make good breeding areas are plentiful in summer as the preforest melts
which of the following best compares the membranes found in different types of cells
prokaryotes and eukaryotes both have cell membranes but eukaryotes also have membrane-bound organelles
a population of rodents become stranded on a remote island. eventually the population reaches the island's carrying capacity. at this point the birds and death rates are
relatively equal
which of the following describes how an abiotic factor can impact the population dynamics in an ecosystem
seasonal variations in temperature can cause some of the individuals in the population to die
how is the scientific theory of evolution supported by the comparison of the skulls and skeletons of modern humans and extinct hominids
similarity in skull shapes hands and hips between extinct hominids and human supports a common ancestry
which of the following best explains the difference in the amount of available energy in the trophic levels and the dessert ecosystem
there is less available energy in the fourth trophic level because of the loss of energy through metabolism in each of the lower trophic levels
which of the following best explains the difference in the amount of energy available in each tropic level of this food web
there is less available energy in the seal than there is in the 510 phytoplankton
hemophilia is a sex-linked recessive trait. which of the following describes the probability of hemophilia in the offering of a man who does not have hepophilia into woman who is heterozygous carrier
there's a 0% chance that their daughter will have hemophilia
paleontologist have compared modern human skeletons to fossils of hominids from 2 to 5 million years ago before the appearance of modern humans. they found certain features like the shape of their hips and the way the spine supported the body was similar to the modern human skeleton structure. which of the following best describes why the discoveries of the hominid fossils are important for understanding modern human evolution
they are evidence of the transitional species that show how modern humans evolve from ape-like ancestors
what similarities are there between the ways archaea and bacteria react to difficult environmental conditions
they both form endospores for protection or develop cilia or flagella to swim away
The choices that humans make everyday affect the environment. sometimes our lifestyles can harm the environment rather than protect it. which of the following would be most helpful in protecting the environment and achieving sustainability
using solar power to generate electricity
based on this experiment which of the following should be inferred about cells with semipermeable membrane
water enters the cell when placed in environments of high water concentration
water is essential for life. it's special properties make water the single most important molecule implant life. which of the following properties of water enable it to move from the roots to the leaves of plants
water exhibits cohesive behavior
which of the following describes how the amount of energy changes as it flows from one trophic level to the next in the marine food web shown below
when seabirds consume fish about 10% of the fish's energy is transferred to the seabirds
a cell is replicating it's DNA. part of the DNA strand reads a - c - c - g - t - a - c. the new strand built off this section reads t-g-g-a-a-t-d. what effect might this have when the DNA replicates in the future
when the new strand is used as a template the strand built from it will differ from the original DNA
which equation describes what happens in photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O + energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2
when an organism has more than 10 fingers or toes the condition is known as polydactylism. Although polydactylism is rare it is a dominant trait. if two cats that are heterozygous for polydactylism meat and have illiterate with a total of 12 kittens how many of them would you expect to have more than 10 fingers or toes
9
which of the following best compares the processes of mitosis and meiosis
Mitosis involves one division cycle and results in diploid daughter cells, while meiosis consists of two division cycles and results in haploid gametes.
which of the following correctly traces the energy transfer through the trophic levels in the marine food web shown below
Phytoplankton->krill->fish->seal
If a company claims that it's product has been proven scientifically, which of the following should have taken place if the results are to be considered reliable
Results should shave been peer reviewed and repeated producing the same findings
why can bacteria recognize a human gene and then produce a human protein
The basic components of DNA are the same in humans and bacteria.
some proteins catalyze a biochemical reaction. if a genetic defect prevented a protein catalyst from being produced which of the following do you predict would happen in the cell
The reaction the protein catalyzes would proceed very slowly or not at all
which of the following characteristics defines a cell as eukaryote
having a nucleus
based on the illustration above what do the similarities between human and chimpanzee hands and feet suggest about the two different organisms
humans and chimpanzees both developed five digits on their hands and feet suggesting they have a common ancestor
in which of the following circumstances would be the most likely for large organic molecules to form during a laboratory experiment
if RNA segments that could act as catalysts forms
which of the following provides the best argument for separating archaea and bacteria into their own domains instead of leaving them together in the single kingdom monera
it was discovered that they make their remembrance differently and copy their DNA differently
due to human encroachment the range of Florida panther has been reduced to very small area in South Florida. predict the long-term effect of this isolation on the conditions required for natural selection
it would reduce the panthers' cupacity for inherited variation and would leave them vulnerable to disease in genetic abnormities
how does comparing the skeletons of these animals provide support for scientific theory of evolution
it's just possible common ancestry between organisms
carbon dioxide is important in our atmosphere because it is required for photosynthesis and traps some heat keeping the earth warm. however human produced carbon dioxide is a problem because it
leads to higher global temperatures
rainbow trout need at least 6.0 mg/L of dissolved oxygen to survive. biologists are trying to reestablish rainbow trout in the mountain stream but the stream is only 5.5 mg/L of dissolved oxygen. which of the following would be the most useful to encourage the development of the rainbow trial population
remove dams along the stream to allow water to flow faster
scientific law and scientific theory are similar in that both
represents a large amount of scientific investigation and evidence
One of the accepted scientific theories describing the origin of life on Earth is known as chemical evolution. according to this theory which of the following events would need to occur first for life to evolve
synthesis of organic molecules
suppose a family of black wolves migrates across a land bridge to a region supporting a large population of gray wolves. a few generations later the population consists entirely of wolves with black and gray markings. which of the following best describes the mechanism that caused this change in the population of the wolves in the region
the following a black wolf jeans across the land bridge added to the gray wolf populations gene pool increasing the frequency of the genes for black fur in the population
what are frogs that live in Greek Islands in the Mediterranean were separated from mainland water frogs when saltwater levels rose to form the islands following difference in the isolated populations to develop. suppose one large group of frogs on the mainland uses a low-pitched call to attract mates while otherwise identical frogs on a nearby island use a high-pitched call. a boat carries a few high-pitched frogs in its cargo to the mainland. which of the following answer choices best predicts the outcome of this event
the frogs from the islands introduce new jeans to the mainland gene pool causing a change of high pitch mainland frog population
a group of well separated islands in the Pacific Ocean has a population of hibiscus plants that produced either orange or white flowers. on one of the islands most of the hibiscus plants that were killed a few years ago by a volcanic lava flow. why is there a greater percentage of orange hibiscus plants on this island than on the other islands
the limited population size after the lava flow resulted in a limited gene pool causing genetic drift in future generations of hibiscus plants on this island
in which of the following ways are the fungus-like protists similar to the heterotroph protists
they both need to gather food from their environment
if a snake species were introduced to an ecosystem where it had no natural predators what long-term effect do you predict the snakes would have on the population dynamics of the ecosystem
they would compete with native snakes species for resources causing a decline in native snake population and possibly extinction