BIO: Practice test ( + notes )
How do animals in phyla Platyhelminthes, nematoda, and annelida, differ from each other? Identify at least two primary ways. How are they similar?
( Look on notes )
What is Cephalization and what is the first type of invertebrate to show cephalization?
1. Cephalization is the concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at the anterior end. 2. The first type of invertebrate to show cephalization was Flatworms ( Flatworms are in the Platyhelminthes Phylum )
What are three types of coeloms?
Acoelomate Pseudocoelomate True Coelomate
Identify an animal with each type of coelem
Acoelomate: Flatworms Pseudocoelomate: Roundworms True Coelomate: Earthworms
What is a hermaphrodite?
An orginism with both male and female parts. EX:Earthworm
What other two features are present in animals with three embryonic germ layers?
Animals with three embryonic germ layers are bilateral and have cephalization.
Describe 3 symmetry types and provide an example of each
Asymmetry: no symmetry EX:Sponge Bilateral: Dividing it into 2 identical sides EX: insects, worms, and people Radial: Body parts extending from a circle EX: Sea anemone, star fish.
Why are echinoderms evolutionarily closer to chordates than other invertebrates?
Because they are Deuterstomes
Identify in which animal you can find these types of cells, and what they do for the animal: Choanocytes ( also known as collar cells), amoebocytes, cnidocytes, and chromatochores.
Choanocytes: sponges; these cells pull water into the sponge for feeding. Amoebocytes: sponges; carry food throughout the sponge. Cnidocytes: Jelly fish; stinging cells for which this phylum is known Chromatochores: Squid; these are pigment cells that allow squid and octopi to camoufla.
Cnidaria Examples
Crabs, horseshoe crabs, insects of all kinds, spiders, scorpions,ticks
Which of the two from #9 represents more complex organisms like humans?
Deuterostomes
Platyhelminthes Examples
Flat worms like planaria
What is the difference between protostome embryonic development and deuterostome embryonic development?
In a protostome the mouth develops first while the deuterostome the anus develops first and mouth develops from the second opening.
What is unique about the sponge compared to other animal groups?
It belongs to the Phylum Porifera(which means pore bearer), it is asymmetrical, it is the simplest of all multicellular organisms, organized at the cellular level ( no tissue )
Anthropoda Examples
Jellyfish, Portuguese man of war, box jellies, anemones, coral
Approximately what percent of animals are invertebrates?
More than 95%
Which phylum accounts for the most animals?
Phylum Arthropoda
Nematoda Examples
Round worms like heart worms
Echinodermata Examples
Sea starches, sea urchins, sand dollars
Mollusca Examples
Snail, oysters, squid, octopus, slugs, scallops
Porifera Examples
Sponges ( Pore-Bearing )
What is a coelom?
The coelom is the body cavity.
Arthropoda
The name of this phylum means "jointed foot", so all of the animals in this phylum have jointed legs and segmented bodies. They have bilateral symmetry and cephalization.
Annelida
The name of this phylum means "little rings" which identifies the ringed segments that make up their bodies. These animals have cephalization and bilateral symmetry. They are hermaphrodites.
Cnidaria
These animals all are equipped with stinging cells used for defense and to catch prey. They exhibit radial symmetry but are formed from only ectoderm and endoderm embryonic germ layers.
Platyhelminthes
These animals are acoelomate but they do have bilateral symmetry and cephalization.
Nematopoda
These animals are pseudocoelomates. Most are parasitic. They do have cephalization and bilateral symmetry.
Mollusca
These animals have either an external or internal shell. Some have one shell while some have two. The most "intelligent" of this phyla have an internnal shell. they have a larval stage called a trochophore.
Echinodermata
These animals have radial symmetry. That means they have no cephalization, however, they are deuterostomes which makes them more related to chordates than other invertebrates. Their name means "Spiny Skin".
Porifera
These animals only have cellular level of organization. They live a sessile existance and are filter feeders. Their name means "pore bearer". They have no symmetry.
Annelids Examples
segmented worm ( Earthworms, leech )