Bio Set 4

117. A trait that occurs in 450 individuals out of a total of 1,800 individuals occurs with a probability of a. 0.04. b. 0.25. c. 0.50. d. 0.75.

.25

127. What fraction of the offspring resulting from a heterozygous heterozygous dihybrid cross are homozygous recessive for both traits? a. 9/16 b. 1/4 c. 3/16 d. 1/16

1/16

137. What fraction of the offspring resulting from a heterozygous heterozygous dihybrid cross are heterozygous for both traits? a. 9/16 b. 1/4 c. 3/16 d. 1/16

1/4

143. In a mating between two parental types, one of which is homozygous dominant for two linked traits and one of which is homozygous recessive for the same two linked traits, evidence of crossing-over would be apparent in which of the following generations? a. parents b. F1 c. F2 d. All of the above

F2

147. The effects of a mutation can be a. helpful. b. harmful. c. neutral. d. All of the above

all of the above

162. Which of the following are examples of fossils? a. shells or old bones b. any traces of dead organisms c. insects trapped in tree sap d. All of the above

all of the above

163. Animal fossils may form when a. an animal is buried by sediment. b. an animal is buried on the ocean floor, in swamps, in mud, or in tar pits. c. an animal's tissue is replaced by harder minerals. d. All of the above

all of the above

154. While studying several generations of a particular family, a geneticist observed that a certain disease was found equally in males and females and that all children who had the disease had parents who also had the disease. The gene coding for this disease is probably a. sex-linked recessive. b. sex-linked dominant. c. autosomal recessive. d. autosomal dominant.

autosomal dominant

168. According to Darwin, evolution occurs a. only through artificial selection. b. during half-life periods of 5,715 years. c. because of natural selection. d. so rapidly that it can be observed easily.

because of natural selection

150. Which of the following traits is controlled by multiple alleles in humans? a. sickle cell anemia b. blood type c. hemophilia d. pattern baldness

blood type

157. Since the allele for colorblindness is located on the X chromosome, colorblindness a. cannot be inherited. b. occurs only in adults. c. is sex-linked. d. None of the above

is sex linked

148. A diagram in which several generations of a family and the occurrence of certain genetic characteristics are shown is called a a. Punnett square. b. monohybrid cross. c. pedigree. d. family karyotype.

pedigree

149. A family record that indicates the occurrence of a trait is a a. sonogram. b. karyotype. c. pedigree. d. chromosome map.

pedigree

The sex of an offspring is determined by a. the mother. b. the father. c. both parents. d. the offspring.

the father

169. When Darwin published his first book about evolution, he included all of the following ideas except a. the idea that species change slowly over time. b. the idea that some organisms reproduce at a greater rate than others. c. the idea that species are permanent and unchanging. d. the idea that some species become better suited to their environment than others.

the idea hat species are permnament and unchanging

145. A mutation caused by a piece of DNA breaking away from its chromosome and becoming attached to a nonhomologous chromosome is called a. deletion. b. duplication. c. inversion. d. translocation.

translocation

114. Tallness (T) is dominant over shortness (t) in pea plants. Which of the following represents the genotype of a pea plant that is heterozygous for tallness? a. T b. TT c. Tt d. tt

Tt

151. What would be the blood type of a person who inherited an A allele from one parent and an O allele from the other? a. type A b. type B c. type AB d. type O

Type A

160. If nondisjunction occurs, a. there will be too many gametes produced. b. no gametes will be produced. c. a gamete will receive too many or too few copies of a chromosome. d. mitosis cannot take place.

a gamete will reveive too many or too few copies of a chromsome

146. A change in a gene due to damage or incorrect copying is called a. evolution. b. meiosis. c. segregation. d. a mutation.

a mutation

167. The process by which a population becomes better suited to its environment is known as a. accommodation. b. variation. c. adaptation. d. acclimation.

adaption

129. What is the expected phenotypic ratio resulting from a homozygous dominant heterozygous monohybrid cross? a. 1:3:1 b. 1:2:1 c. 2:1 d. 1:0

1:0

126. What is the expected genotypic ratio resulting from a homozygous dominant heterozygous monohybrid cross? a. 1:0 b. 1:1 c. 1:2:1 d. 1:3:1

1:1

134. In pea plants, yellow seeds are dominant over green seeds. What would be the expected genotype ratio in a cross between a plant with green seeds and a plant that is heterozygous for seed color? a. 1:3 b. 1:2:1 c. 4:1 d. 1:1

1:1

128. What is the expected genotypic ratio resulting from a heterozygous heterozygous monohybrid cross? a. 1:2:1 b. 1:3:1 c. 1:2 d. 1:0

1:2:1

121. 2,000 yellow seeds : 8,000 total seeds :: a. 1 : 6 b. 1 : 8 c. 1 : 3 d. 1 : 4

1:8

118. How many different phenotypes can be produced by a pair of codominant alleles? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

3

158. People with Down syndrome have a. 45 chromosomes. b. 46 chromosomes. c. 47 chromosomes. d. no X chromosomes.

47 chromosomes

142. Which of the following is the best explanation for the observation that females rarely get the disease hemophilia? a. Large quantities of male hormones are necessary in order for the allele carrying the disease to be expressed. b. Female fetuses that carry the allele for the disease die before birth. c. A female could get the disease only by having a mother who is a carrier and a father who has the disease. Since most males with the disease do not survive to reproductive age, this is an extremely unlikely event. d. A female could get the disease only by having parents who are both carriers of the disease. Because females cannot be carriers, this is an impossible event.

A female could get the disease only by having a mother who is a carrier and a father who has the disease. Since most males with the disease do not survive to reproductive age, this is an extremely unlikely event.

152. In humans, the risks of passing on a genetic disorder to one's children can be assessed by a. analysis of a pedigree. b. genetic counseling. c. prenatal testing. d. All of the above

All of the above

153. Genetic counseling is a process that a. helps identify parents at risk for having children with genetic defects. b. assists parents in deciding whether or not to have children. c. uses a family pedigree. d. All of the above

All of the above

144. Which of the following is not true of chromosome maps? a. They depict the linear sequence of genes on a chromosome. b. They are constructed using crossing-over data from mating experiments. c. They depict absolute distances between genes on a chromosome. d. They are practical with species having only a few chromosomes.

They depict absolute distances between genes on a chromosome

165. The species of finches that Darwin observed differed in the shape of their beaks. According to Darwin, all of these species probably a. had a common ancestor. b. had migrated from Africa. c. had descended from similar birds in Africa. d. ate the same diet.

had a common ancestor

133. An organism that has inherited two of the same alleles of a gene from its parents is called a. hereditary. b. heterozygous. c. homozygous. d. a mutation.

homozygous

112. If an individual has two recessive alleles for the same trait, the individual is said to be a. homozygous for the trait. b. haploid for the trait. c. heterozygous for the trait. d. mutated.

homozygous for the trait

135. codominance : both traits are displayed :: a. probability : crosses b. heterozygous : alleles are the same c. homozygous : alleles are the same d. Punnett square : chromosomes combine

homozygous: alleles are the same

141. female : XX :: a. female : gametes b. female : eggs c. male : YY d. male : XY

male: XY

140. Down syndrome : nondisjunction :: a. chromatids : centromere b. male : XY chromosomes c. haploid : mitosis d. meiosis : diploid

male: XY chromosomes

138. A cross of two individuals for a single contrasting trait is called a. monohybrid. b. dihybrid. c. dominant. d. codominant.

monohybrid

136. The difference between a monohybrid cross and a dihybrid cross is that a. monohybrid crosses involve traits for which only one allele exists, while dihybrid traits involve two alleles. b. monohybrid crosses involve self-pollination, while dihybrid crosses involve cross-pollination. c. monohybrid crosses involve one trait; dihybrid crosses involve two traits. d. dihybrid crosses require two Punnett squares; monohybrid crosses need only one.

monohybrid crosses involve one trait; dihybrid crosses involve two traits

161. Consider a cross between a homozygous white-eyed female Drosophila and a red-eyed male Drosophila. What proportion of the female offspring would be expected to be white-eyed? What proportion of the male offspring would be expected to be white-eyed? a. none; all b. 50%; 50% c. all; none d. none; 25%

none;all

156. If a characteristic is sex-linked, it a. occurs most commonly in males. b. occurs only in females. c. can never occur in females. d. is always fatal.

occurs most commonly in males

113. An individual heterozygous for a trait and an individual homozygous recessive for the trait are crossed and produce many offspring. These offspring are likely to be a. all the same genotype. b. of two different phenotypes. c. of three different phenotypes. d. all the same phenotype.

of two different phenotypes

155. If both parents carry the recessive allele that causes cystic fibrosis, the chance that their child will develop the disease is a. one in two. b. one in four. c. two in five. d. 100%.

one in four

171. Natural selection is the process by which a. the age of selected fossils is calculated. b. organisms with traits well suited to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than organisms less suited to the same environment. c. acquired traits are passed on from one generation to the next. d. All of the above

organisisms with traits well suited to their enviornment survive and reproduce more successfully than organisms less suited to the same enviornment.

111. The phenotype of an organism a. represents its genetic composition. b. reflects all the traits that are actually expressed. c. occurs only in dominant pure organisms. d. cannot be seen.

reflects all the traits that are actually expressed

139. The X and Y chromosomes are called the a. extra chromosomes. b. phenotypes. c. sex chromosomes. d. All of the above

sex chromosomes

170. The major idea that Darwin presented in his book The Origin of Species was that a. species change over time and never compete with each other. b. animals change, but plants remain the same over time. c. species may change in small ways but cannot give rise to new species. d. species change over time by natural selection.

species change over time by natural selection

164. Darwin drew ideas for his theory from observations of organisms on a. the Samoan Islands. b. Manhattan Island. c. the Hawaiian Islands. d. the Galápagos Islands.

the Galapagos Islands

166. Darwin thought that the animals of the Galápagos Islands were similar to those of the nearby coast of South America because a. the animals' ancestors had migrated from South America to the Galápagos Islands. b. the animals had all been brought to the islands by humans. c. the islands had slowly drifted away from the mainland. d. the animals in both places had evolved in nearly identical environments

the animals ancestors had migrated from south america to the galapagos islands