Biology Pearson Homework Chapter 4

The diameter of a typical eukaryotic cell is approximately ten times the diameter of a typical prokaryote. What is the ratio of the VOLUME of typical eukaryotic:prokaryotic cells?

1000:1

What correctly compares the extracellular matrix (ECM) of animal cells to cell walls of plant cells?

Both the ECM and the plant cell wall are composed of varying mixtures of proteins and carbohydrates.

What statement about chloroplasts and mitochondria is true?

Chloroplasts and mitochondria synthesize some of their own proteins.

Which of the following statements about chloroplasts and mitochondria is true?

Chloroplasts and mitochondria synthesize some of their own proteins.

Which statement about the cytoskeleton is true?

Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm

Which molecules do not normally cross the nuclear membrane?

DNA

Cells of the pancreas will incorporate radioactively labeled amino acids into proteins. This "tagging" of newly synthesized proteins enables a researcher to track their location. In this case, we are tracking an enzyme secreted by pancreatic cells. What is its most likely pathway?

ER→Golgi→vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells possess specialized membrane-bounded organelles.

True or false? Large proteins containing a nuclear localization signal (NLS) bind to the nuclear pore and enter the nucleus without any expenditure of energy.

False

_____ aid in the coordination of the activities of adjacent animal cells.

Gap (communicating) junctions

A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum and eventually used to build a cell's plasma membrane. The protein in the plasma membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably altered in the _____.

Golgi apparatus

Select the correct statement describing the cellular structure or function:

Plant and animal cells both carry out cellular respiration, producing ATP

Which statement correctly describes an endomembrane function?

Products of the ER are usually modified during their transit from the CIS to the TRANS region of the Golgi Apparatus

What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane?

Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.

What is the best description of the cell cytoskeleton?

The cell cytoskeleton is a dynamic network of fibers that can be quickly dismantled and reassembled to change cell shape and the position of cell components

Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why?

The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.

Which statement about the nuclear envelope is false?

The nuclear envelope is continuous with the Golgi apparatus

What is a difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

The outer surface of smooth ER lacks ribosomes, whereas the outer surface of rough ER has ribosomes

In experiments to test whether a protein can enter the nucleus, why would proteins be labeled with fluorescent molecules?

To make the proteins easy to see

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic; unlike a typical eukaryotic cell they _____.

have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm

Which of structure is found in eukaryotic but not prokaryotic cells?

mitochondria

What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?

cell wall

Which of the following structures is found in animal cells but NOT plant cells?

centrioles

Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system?

chloroplast

Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components?

cilia

The primary role of _____ is to bind animal cells together

desmosomes

_____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface.

fimbriae

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell they _____.

have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm

A researcher wants to film the movement of chromosomes during cell division. Which type of microscope should she choose and why is it the best choice?

light microscope, because the specimen is alive

Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?

lysosome

Which of the following categories best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

manufacturing

The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of _____.

microtubules

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?

mitochondrion

Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with which of the following?

motor proteins

Which type of cell is most likely to have the most mitochondria?

muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner

Which structures are part of the endomembrane system?

nuclear envelope, Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane, ER

Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through _____.

plasmodesmata

What is the function of a bacterium's capsule?

protection

In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?

ribosomes

Which of the following features do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common?

ribosomes, plasma membrane, cytoplasm

You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to _____.

secrete a lot of protein

What are possible sites of protein synthesis in a typical eukaryotic cell?

the cytoplasm the rough endoplasmic reticulum in mitochondria

A dish of animal cells was grown in the presence of radioactive phosphorous. The phosphorous largely ended up in nucleotides inside the actively growing animal cells. In which cellular structure(s) would you predict the majority of the radioactive phosphorous to accumulate?

the nucleus

Which of these cell junctions form a barrier to the passage of materials?

tight junctions

Beginning within the nucleus, the first step leading to the synthesis of a polypeptide is _____.

transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA