ch 11

Which of the following best explains why fins and jaws evolved in a parallel manner? Correct: Fins and jaws work together: Fins get you to the organism you are going to eat, and jaws capture and kill it. Fins and jaws work together: Fins get you to the organism you are going to eat, and jaws capture and kill it.

Octopuses belong to which of the following groups? arachnids cnidarians gastropods crustaceans Correct: cephalopods cephalopods

Marsupials are thought to be most closely related to: placental mammals.

The most ancient branching point in the phylogeny of animals is the one that distinguishes between having: true tissues or no tissues.

Invertebrates:

all of the above

Leeches are most closely related to:

earthworms

A feature that only mammals have is:

hair

In mollusks, the shell is secreted by what structure?

mantle

Terrestrial vertebrates are descendants of lobe-finned fishes that lived during the Devonian period, approximately:

400 million years ago

Which of the following traits is unique to arthropods? segmentation Incorrect: a ventral nerve cord a ventral nerve cord Incorrect: appendages appendages Correct: an exoskeleton an exoskeleton

In cnidarians, cnidocytes are primarily used for: Correct: prey capture and defense. prey capture and defense.

The phylum Arthropoda includes all of the following kinds of animals EXCEPT: crabs. Incorrect: millipedes. millipedes. Correct: bivalves. bivalves.

The molluscan mantle is used primarily for: Incorrect: gas exchange. gas exchange. Incorrect: feeding. feeding. Incorrect: excretion. excretion. Correct: producing the shell. producing the shell.

Cnidarians are a unique group of organisms. Which of the following statements about cnidarians is TRUE? Cnidarians are omnivores. They have a specialized sensory organ known as a cnidocyst. Correct: Cnidarians can be sessile (polyp) or free-floating (medusa). Cnidarians can be sessile (polyp) or free-floating (medusa). Cnidarians include jellyfish, sea urchins, and corals. None of the above.

The notochord that characterizes all chordates at some stage in their life cycle provides all of the following functions EXCEPT: a longitudinal stiffening of the main body axis. an axis around which the vertebral column develops. a base for trunk muscles. makes locomotion possible by stiffening when muscles contract. Correct: bony protection for the nerve cord. bony protection for the nerve cord.

Which of the following is an example of an echinoderm? sand dollar

Which of the following is NOT one of the major evolutionary adaptations that occurred as animals moved from water to land? Correct: swim bladder swim bladder

Which of the following is NOT a member of the group of vertebrates that produce amniotic eggs?

amphibians

Birds have scaly feet and lay amniotic eggs. This supports the idea that:

birds from reptiles

What evolutionary change occurred in animal evolution such that animals had a "front" and "back," as well as right and left sides?

development of bilateral symmetry

The invertebrate species which is the closest evolutionary relative to the vertebrates (and other chordates) is the:

echinoderms

Which of the following is NOT a reptile?

frog

The two most important evolutionary innovations in vertebrates, which resulted in their eventual domination of the large animal niches, were:

jaws and eggs

The important characteristics of chordates, such as a notochord and a dorsal hollow nerve cord are found in tunicates:

larval stage only

Which of the following is NOT an important feature in distinguishing animals from each other?

movement

In the cnidarians, the sessile _________ stage remains attached to a solid surface, while the motile __________ stage is free-swimming.

polyp; medusa

Chordate animals get their name from which prominent characteristic?

presence of a rod of support tissue

Which of the following is not a characteristic of all animals?

reproduce sexually

Which of these animals is a tetrapod that does NOT produce amniotic eggs?

salamander

Which of the following is an animal with rigid bones, jaws, and a swim bladder?

salmon

The arthropoda class Crustacea includes all of the following kinds of animals EXCEPT:

snails

The lineage that first separated from the common ancestor of all animals, and retains many of the same primitive features to this day, includes which of the following modern organisms?

sponge

According to the fossil record, the first modern humans appeared approximately: 200,000 years ago.

Each group of animals below is paired with a type of body symmetry. Which of these pairings is incorrect? roundworm; radial symmetry

What is the key difference between protostomes and deuterostomes? The protostome gut develops from front to back, so the first opening is the mouth. The deuterostome gut develops back to front, and the second opening becomes the mouth.

A new animal is discovered with a prominent muscular foot that attaches to underwater rocks. The animal also has a one-piece shell. To which of the following animal groups does this new animal belong? Incorrect: crustaceans crustaceans Incorrect: cephalopods cephalopods Correct: gastropods gastropods

The most primitive group of animals that had lungs were the: Correct: amphibians. amphibians.

All groups of animals have nervous systems EXCEPT: sponges.

As mammals evolved, there was a gradual transition from bodies with short legs to bodies with longer legs, held vertically beneath the trunk of the animal. Which of the following was a result of this anatomical change in early mammals? Correct: the animals could run faster after prey the animals could run faster after prey

All species are either ____________ or ______________. Correct: extant; extinct extant; extinct

Which of the following is true about evolutionary success? A successful organism can find food, escape predators, and reproduce.

An air environment, gravity, and desiccation are three challenges that were addressed in the evolution of reptiles. What three evolutionary innovations addressed these challenges? lungs, better limb support, and the amniotic egg

Which one of the common names is matched correctly with its phyla? roundworms: Nematoda

Birds are a branch of the reptile lineage but, unlike other reptiles, birds are able to do which of the following? Correct: generate body heat generate body heat

Which of the following characteristics could NOT be used to differentiate the three worm phyla, Annelida, Platyhelminthes, and Nematoda? growth by molting Correct: bilateral symmetry bilateral symmetry

Each group of animals below is paired with a type of body symmetry. Which of these pairings is incorrect? cnidaria; radial symmetry Correct: roundworm; radial symmetry roundworm; radial symmetry

What is the relationship between coral and zooxanthellae? Mutually symbiotic; zooxanthellae provide the coral with nutrition, while the coral provide zooxanthellae with carbon dioxide.

Sharks are to jaws as _________ are to _________________. lampreys, circular oral disks

Which of the following insect orders has the most species currently named by scientists? beetles

The notochord that characterizes all chordates at some stage in their life cycle provides all of the following functions EXCEPT: bony protection for the nerve cord.

Which of the following organisms does NOT contain chitin? Correct: snails snails

The swim bladder in ray-finned fishes is believed to be homologous to the _______ of terrestrial vertebrates. lungs

Sponges are: hermaphrodites. asexual. sessile. members of phylum Porifera. Correct: All of the above. All of the above.

Trichinella worms sometimes cause the disease known as trichinosis in humans when undercooked pork is eaten. These organisms have long cylindrical bodies but no segmentation. This species is MOST similar to which of the following animals? Correct: nematodes nematodes

Sea stars, a type of echinoderm, are seemingly harmless organisms. Which of the following, if any, is a defense/predation mechanism of the sea star? The tube feet create a combined force to pull apart shells of a clam or mussel. The stomach can be pushed out through the mouth into a slightly opened clam shell, secreting digestive enzymes. Sharp, tooth-like surfaces can scrape algae loose from rocks. Streams of mucus can be used to capture food. Correct: The first two choices are correct. The first two choices are correct.

Which of the following about insects is FALSE? All insects are arthropods. The primary role of an adult insect is to reproduce. Correct: All insects have three life stages: larva, pupa, and adult. All insects have three life stages: larva, pupa, and adult.

Which of the following would NOT be classified as an arthropod? jumping spider deer tick Correct: giant clam giant clam

Which of the following correctly pairs a stage of arthropod metamorphosis with its most significant change at that stage? larva: embryological growth and change occurs at this stage pupa: the pupa eats and grows large enough to become an adult Correct: pupa: body structures of the larva are broken down and reassembled pupa: body structures of the larva are broken down and reassembled

Which of the following statements is TRUE? More than 95% of the animal kingdom is made up of invertebrates.

Which of the following is an advantage of radial symmetry? movement with equal ease in any direction sense organs distributed around their circumference even distribution of appendages sense organs grouped at the front end of the body, opposite the side of locomotion Correct: The first three choices are all advantages of radial symmetry. The first three choices are all advantages of radial symmetry.

Which of the following is NOT an arthropod? louse shrimp Correct: squid squid

Which of the following is not a crustacean? barnacles shrimp Correct: Portuguese man-o'-war Portuguese man-o'-war

Crabs, lobsters, and barnacles all belong to which group? gastropods cephalopods Incorrect: arachnids arachnids mollusks Correct: crustaceans crustaceans

Which of the following is unique about vertebrates in terms of the phylum Chordata? The notochord is not present throughout life; rather, it is only found in early embryos and is replaced by the vertebral column (backbone).

Which of the following is NOT true about Neandertals? They lived primarily in Africa.

Which of the following species living today is the most evolutionarily successful? the house mouse (Mus domesticus) the housefly (Musca domestica) the Western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) the irukandji, the most toxic box jellyfish (Carukia barnesi) Correct: All of the above species are equally successful because they are not extinct. All of the above species are equally successful because they are not extinct