Chapter 18

Pataasin ang iyong marka sa homework at exams ngayon gamit ang Quizwiz!

Glucocorticoids are secreted by the zona ___ in response to ACTH from the pituitary.

fasciculata

The middle layer of the secretory glandular tissue of the adrenal cortex is the zona

fasciculata

The middle layer of the secretory glandular tissue of the adrenal cortex is the zona ______.

fasciculata

The sex steroids are secreted by the zona ______ of the adrenal cortex. Select all that apply.

fasciculata reticularis

Endocrine glands contain a type of capillary that has large pores and allows easy passage of proteins and other substances. These are called ______ capillaries.

fenestrated

Histologically, the thyroid is composed of sacs called thyroid ______.

follicles

Aldosterone is the primary secretion of the zona _______ in the adrenal cortex.

glomerulosa

Identify the layer of the adrenal cortex which is responsible for the production of aldosterone.

glomerulosa

The outer (superficial) layer of the secretory glandular tissue of the adrenal cortex is the zona ______.

glomerulosa

Pancreatic alpha cells secrete the hormone ___ when serum glucose levels drop.

glucagon

The hormone secreted by cells of the pancreatic islets in response to hypoglycemia which promotes glycogenolysis and other effects that raise blood glucose concentration is

glucagon

The hormone secreted by pancreatic islet cells that raises blood glucose concentrations is ______.

glucagon

The hormone of the adrenal cortex that affects carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism is a(n) ______.

glucocorticoid

The hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex that regulate the metabolism of glucose and other organic fuels are collectively called

glucocorticoids

The zona fasciculata secretes ______ in response to ACTH from the pituitary.

glucocorticoids

The term that refers to the blood glucose concentration is

glycemia

Enlargement of the thyroid gland develops in several pathological conditions. This enlargement of the thyroid is called a

goiter

The ovaries and testes are known as ______.

gonads

In the ovaries, the follicles are lined with ______ cells.

granulosa

Natriuretic peptides are produced by the ______.

heart

A chemical messenger that is secreted into the blood by an endocrine gland or isolated gland cell and triggers a physiological response in distant cells with receptors for it describes a(n) _______.

hormone

A hormone excess, such as is found in pituitary gigantism, is defined as _______.

hypersecretion

Excessive hormone release, called ______, has multiple causes.

hypersecretion

The anterior pituitary gland begins as a part of the pharynx called the _______.

hypophyseal pouch

A hormone deficiency, such as is found in type I diabetes mellitus, is defined as _______.

hyposecretion

Inadequate hormone release is called ______.

hyposecretion

Axons run from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary bundled together as the ______.

hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract

Many functions of the ___ are carried out by way of the pituitary gland, which is closely associated with it both anatomically and physiologically.

hypothalamus

The endocrine organ that regulates primitive functions of the body, ranging from water balance and thermoregulation to sex drive and childbirth is the

hypothalamus

The endocrine organ that regulates primitive functions of the body, ranging from water balance and thermoregulation to sex drive and childbirth is the ______.

hypothalamus

The infundibulum connects the ______.

hypothalamus to the pituitary gland

The hormone secreted by the ovarian follicle that inhibits follicle stimulating hormone is ______.

inhibin

Hypothalamic hormones are described as ______ hormones if they suppress pituitary secretion.

inhibiting

A condition when the hormone is present, but the body is unresponsive to it, such as with type 2 diabetes mellitus, is called hormone

insensitivity

Pancreatic beta cells secrete ___ during and immediately following a meal

insulin

The hormone called ___ stimulates cells to uptake glucose and store or metabolize them. Therefore, it lowers the blood glucose level.

insulin

The hormone that antagonizes the effects of glucagon by suppressing the breakdown of glycogen is

insulin

The hormone that stimulates cells to absorb amino acids and glucose and store or metabolize them, therefore, lowering the blood glucose level is _______.

insulin

In the testes, the cells responsible for testosterone production are the ______ cells.

interstitial

Located between the seminiferous tubules of the testis are clusters of ___ endocrine cells that secrete testosterone.

interstitial

Shrinkage of an organ, such as the pineal gland, by natural processes is called ______.

involution

A small cluster of endocrine cells in the pancreas that secretes insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and other intercellular messengers is a pancreatic _______.

islet

The two lobes of the thyroid gland are joined by a narrow bridge of tissue called the

isthmus

Although the ______ produces the majority of the body's EPO the liver also produces a significant amount of EPO.

kidney

About 85% of the body's erythropoietin is secreted by the

kidneys

Erythropoietin, calcitriol, and angiotensin II are all secreted or modified by the ______.

kidneys

Because of the changes in the endocrine system, the stress response ______ in the elderly compared to a younger person.

lasts longer

Angiotensinogen is secreted by the

liver

Hepcidin, IGF, and erythropoietin are all secreted by the ______.

liver

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) is secreted by the ______.

liver

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are secreted by the

liver

Which organ secretes angiotensinogen?

liver

The hormone that stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone production by the testes in males is ______ hormone.

luteinizing

The inner core of the adrenal glands constituting 10 - 20% of the gland, is the adrenal ______.

medulla

The part of the adrenal gland that has a dual nature, acting as both an endocrine gland and a ganglion of the sympathetic nervous system, is the adrenal

medulla

The adrenal cortex is formed from the ______.

mesothelium in the peritoneal cavity

The adrenal cortex regulates the body's electrolyte balance through the secretion of ______.

mineralocorticoids

Increased blood volume stretches the heart wall, which stimulates the heart muscle cells to secrete _______.

natriuretic peptides

The effects of the ______ system stimulates only one organ. Its effects are precisely targeted and relatively specific.

nervous

In response to a stimulus, the ______ system responds within milliseconds, while the ______ system takes much longer to act.

nervous, endocrine

When a stimulus ceases, the ___ system stops responding almost immediately, whereas effects of the ___ system effects may persist for several days or even weeks.

nervous, endocrine

The adrenal medulla is formed from ______.

neural crest cells

The posterior pituitary begins as a an extension of the hypothalamus called the ______.

neurohypophyseal bud

The posterior one-quarter of the pituitary is called the

neurohypophysis

The posterior one-quarter of the pituitary is called the ______.

neurohypophysis

Osteocalcin, which increases the number of pancreatic beta cells and insulin output is secreted by cells called

osteoblasts

Estrogen, progesterone and inhibin are all secreted by the ______.

ovaries

The hormone that stimulates labor contractions in childbirth and stimulates the flow of milk from the mammary gland to the nipple in lactating women is ______.

oxytocin

The ___ s an elongated, spongy gland located below and behind the stomach, and is primarily an exocrine digestive gland.

pancreas

The endocrine organ next to the duodenum shown in the figure is the

pancreas

The thyroid gland contains areas of C (clear) cells, also called ___ cells, between the follicles.

parafollicular

The ovoid glands partially embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid are the ___ glands.

parathyroid

The establishment of 24 hour circadian rhythms is due in part to secretions of the ___ gland

pineal

The gland that is attached to the roof of the third ventricle of the brain, beneath the posterior end of the corpus callosum, is the ___ gland

pineal

The two structures that have a more wide-ranging influence than any other part of the endocrine system are the hypothalamus and the ___ gland

pituitary

Identify the functions of oxytocin. Select all that apply.

Stimulates labor contractions May play a role in propulsion of sperm through reproductive tracts Stimulates flow of milk to the nipple

The nervous and endocrine systems coordinate other organ systems, but how do they affect each other?

The nervous and endocrine systems are continually regulating each other.

Pineal secretion peaks between the ages of ______ years and declines 75% by the end of puberty.

1-5

The levels of testosterone in an 80-year old male are about ______% of the levels in a 20-year-old male.

20

At what age does the thymus reach its peak size?

5-6 years

Corticotropes

ACTH

The hormone released by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland in response to low blood pressure to promote water retention by the kidneys is

ADH

Name the target organ for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).

Adrenal cortex

Which hormone stimulates the release of glucocorticoids?

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Which cells of the pancreas secrete glucagon?

Alpha

Which adrenal cortical hormones are responsible for the growth of pubic and axillary hair during puberty?

Androgens

Which adrenal cortical hormones stimulate somatic changes at puberty in both sexes?

Androgens

Which hormone increases water retention by the kidneys, reduces urine volume, and helps prevent dehydration?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

What are the two hormones stored and released by the posterior pituitary gland?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Oxytocin (OT)

Where is the adrenal medulla?

At the core of the adrenal gland, superior to the kidney

Which hormone stimulates the deposition of calcium in bones?

Calcitonin

Identify the hormones that the liver plays a role in synthesizing. Select all that apply.

Calcitriol IGF Angiotensinogen Erythropoietin Hepcidin

Identify the correct statements regarding nervous and endocrine system communication methods. Select all that apply.

Cells of the nervous system communicate predominantly via electrical signals. Cells of the endocrine system communicate using chemical signals. Cells of the nervous system communicate using chemical signals.

Identify cell type classes found in the anterior pituitary gland. Select all that apply.

Chromophobes Basophils Acidophils

Identify the two parts of the adrenal gland.

Cortex Medulla

What cell types would you find in these pancreatic islets? Select all that apply.

Delta Beta Alpha

The abbreviation for erythropoietin is ______.

EPO

Where are the parathyroid glands located?

Embedded in the thyroid gland

Which signaling systems has the longest lived effects?

Endocrine

Identify three body systems in which the thymus plays a role.

Endocrine Immune Lymphatic

Identify the germ layers that contribute to endocrine system structures. Select all that apply.

Endoderm Mesoderm Ectoderm

When stimulated, what do chromaffin cells release?

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

After a severe hemorrhage, one would expect levels of which hormone to be elevated?

Erythropoietin

As it name sounds, the hormone inhibin inhibits the formation of another hormone. Which hormone does it inhibit?

FSH

Which hormone stimulates the production of sperm or the development of the ovarian follicle?

FSH

Gonadotropes in the anterior pituitary gland are responsible for secreting which hormones? Select all that apply.

FSH LH

Identify the hormones that are categorized as gonadotropins because they target the gonads. Select all that apply.

FSH LH

Gonadotropes

FSH and LH

True or false: Hypothalamic hormones are described as releasing hormones if they suppress pituitary secretion.

False

True or false: Organs can have only endocrine OR exocrine functions, not both.

False

True or false: Pineal secretion peaks between 5 and 10 years of age.

False

True or false: The inner core of the adrenal gland is called the adrenal cortex.

False

Identify the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. Select all that apply.

Follicle-stimulating hormone Luteinizing hormone Prolactin

Somatotropes

GH

The hormone that stimulates mitosis and cellular differentiation and thus tissue growth throughout the body is _______.

GH

FSH and LH are examples of what type of hormones?

Gonadotropins

What does a calorigenic effect increase?

Heat production

Identify the statement that best describes the relationship between the endocrine and nervous systems.

Hormones can affect neurons and neurons can trigger hormone secretion.

Identify the primary causes of endocrine disorders. Select all that apply.

Hypersecretion Hyposecretion Hormone insensitivity

This system consists of a network of primary capillaries in the hypothalamus, a group of small veins called portal venules that travel down the stalk, and a complex of secondary capillaries in the anterior pituitary.

Hypophyseal portal system

Many of the functions of which organ are carried out by way of the pituitary gland, which is closely associated with it both anatomically and physiologically?

Hypothalamus

Which endocrine tissue produces gonadotropin-releasing hormone, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, and prolactin-inhibiting hormone?

Hypothalamus

The abbreviation for insulin-like growth factor is

IGF

Where is the thymus located?

In the mediastinum

Which structure connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland?

Infundibulum

Which substances are secreted by pancreatic islet cells? Select all that apply.

Insulin Somatostatin Glucagon

Which pair of hormones acts antagonistically to one another?

Insulin and glucagon

The two lobes of the thyroid are joined by what narrow piece of tissue?

Isthmus

Which hormone is secreted by adipose tissue?

Leptin

With elderly people, loss of muscle mass has what effect on blood glucose levels after eating?

Levels stay high for a longer period.

Identify the tissues and organs found outside the endocrine system that also secrete hormones. Select all that apply.

Liver Kidneys Heart Adipose tissue

Identify potential causes of impaired glucose metabolism among the elderly.

Loss of muscle mass Increased body fat Poor diet

Identify the categories of corticosteroids.

Mineralocorticoids Sex steroids Glucocorticoids

Identify the effects of the secretions from the adrenal medulla. Select all that apply.

Mobilize glucose resources Increase heart rate Increase metabolic rate

When stimulated, which system responds more quickly?

Nervous

What are neurons that release their secretions into the bloodstream called?

Neuroendocrine cells

This structure is composed of nervous tissue (nerve fibers and neuroglia), rather than glandular tissue.

Neurohypophysis

Identify the two structures that comprise the pituitary gland.

Neurohypophysis Adenohypophysis

Identify the statement that correctly describes neurotransmitter and hormone effects.

Neurotransmitters have short-lived effects within a limited area, while hormones exert their effects throughout the body for longer periods of time.

Identify the hormones that contribute to the development of the reproductive system and feminine physique, promote adolescent bone growth, regulate the menstrual cycle, sustain pregnancy, and prepare the mammary glands for lactation. Select all that apply.

Progesterone Estradiol

Identify three hormones that the ovaries secrete.

Progesterone Inhibin Estrogen

Which cells or glands secrete osteocalcin?

Osteoblasts

Which of the following are referred to as "gonads"? Select all that apply.

Ovary Testis

Lactotropes

PRL

Which endocrine gland also acts as an exocrine gland?

Pancreas

Calcitonin is produced and secreted by which type of cells in the thyroid gland?

Parafollicular

A tumor of the adrenal medulla can lead to excessive secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine. What is this type of tumor called?

Pheochromocytoma

Which gland produces melatonin?

Pineal

Name the gland that plays a role in the establishment of a 24 hour circadian rhythms.

Pineal gland

Which endocrine gland is housed in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone?

Pituitary gland

Which components of the endocrine system exert the most wide-ranging influence on the entire endocrine system?

Pituitary, hypothalamus

Estrogen from what organ inhibits the mammary glands from responding to prolactin until birth?

Placenta

In addition to the ovary, what organ secretes progesterone and estrogen?

Placenta

Describe the location of the pancreas.

Posterior to the stomach

Identify the function of angiotensin II.

Raises blood pressure

Where are the ovaries located?

Retroperitoneal in the pelvic cavity

In the testes, the hormone inhibin, is secreted by the ___ cells

Sertoli

Which adrenal cortical hormones have various developmental and reproductive functions?

Sex steroids

Identify the functions of FSH. Select all that apply.

Sperm production Secretion of ovarian hormones Development of follicles

Identify the functions of TSH. Select all that apply.

Stimulates an increase in the growth of the thyroid gland Increases body temperature Stimulates the secretion of thyroid hormones

The abbreviation for triiodothyronine is

T3

The follicular cells of the thyroid secrete ______.

T3 and T4

Thyrotropes

TSH

Indicate the gland that produces testosterone.

Testis

Which endocrine organ is located in the scrotum?

Testis

Select the statement that accurately describes changes in endocrine glands with age.

The adrenal gland shrinks just after birth.

What is glycemia?

The blood glucose concentration

Identify three actions of luteinizing hormone (LH).

The secretion of testosterone The secretion of progesterone by the corpus luteum Ovulation

What is the function of the zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and the zona reticularis?

These layers secrete corticosteroids.

What is the function of the zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and the zona reticularis?These layers secrete corticosteroids.

These layers secrete corticosteroids.

Which describes neuroendocrine cells?

They release their secretions into the bloodstream.

Identify the hormones that stimulate the development of lymphatic organs and regulate activity of T lymphoctyes. Select all that apply.

Thymopoietin Thymosin Thymulin

Which endocrine gland secretes several hormones that stimulate lymphatic organs and T cell activity?

Thymus

Which endocrine gland serves as the site of T lymphocyte maturation?

Thymus

Identify the hormones produced by the hypothalamus. Select all that apply.

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone Prolactin-inhibiting hormone Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Which two hormones are more generally classified as thyroid hormones?

Thyroxine Triiodothyronine

What is the function of growth hormone?

To stimulate mitosis and cell differentiation

What is the function of adrenocorticotropic hormone?

To stimulate the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids

True or false: Adrenal sex steroids have various developmental and reproductive functions.

True

Identify the layers of glandular tissue that secrete corticosteroids. Select all that apply.

Zona glomerulosa Zona reticularis Zona fasciculata

The hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract is best described as ______.

a bundle of nerves that connect the hypothalamus and the posterior lobe

The hypophyseal portal system is best described as ______.

a capillary network in the hypothalamus

The anterior 3/4 of the pituitary gland is called the _______.

adenohypophysis

The hormone leptin, which has long-term effects on appetite-regulating centers of the hypothalamus, is secreted by ___ tissue

adipose

The endocrine perched near the superior portion of the kidney is the ___ gland

adrenal

The mineralocorticoid that stimulates the kidneys to retain sodium in the body fluids and excrete potassium in the urine is

aldosterone

The primary secretion of the zona glomerulosa is ______.

aldosterone

The steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that acts on the kidneys to promote sodium retention and potassium excretion is

aldosterone

The steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that acts on the kidneys to promote sodium retention and potassium excretion is _______.

aldosterone

In both sexes, the group of adrenal cortical hormones called ___ induce the growth of pubic and axillary hair and their associated apocrine scent glands at puberty and stimulate the libido (sex drive) throughout adolescent and adult life.

androgens

The hormone that raises blood pressure by stimulating vasoconstriction and stimulating the adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone is ______.

angiotensin II

The adenohyophysis is the ______ portion of the pituitary gland.

anterior

Acidophils and basophils are classes of cells found in the ______ gland.

anterior pituitary

FSH, LH and prolactin are all produced in the ______.

anterior pituitary

The stress response in the elderly is not well controlled because the ______.

anterior pituitary is less responsive to cortisol

The pineal gland is located ______.

attached to the roof of the third ventricle

Place the cell types of the pancreatic islets in order from highest percentage to lowest.

beta alpha delta PP

Which pancreatic cells secrete insulin?

beta cells

Glands that secrete their products by way of a duct onto an epithelial surface such as the skin or the mucosa of the digestive tract are categorized as ______ glands.

exocrine

The pancreas produces insulin as well as digestive enzymes. This means that the pancreas has _______ functions.

both endocrine and exocrine

Parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland secrete ___ in response to rising blood calcium

calcitonin

The hormone that stimulates osteoblast activity, and thus prevents an increase in blood calcium levels, is

calcitonin

The keratinocytes of the skin produce the hormone ___, which assists in calcium regulation.

calcitriol

The keratinocytes of the skin produce the hormone cholecalciferol, which will eventually be converted to ________ or vitamin D3 and assist in calcium regulation.

calcitriol

Identify the hormones that the kidneys play a role in synthesizing.

calcitriol angiotensin II erythropoietin

PTH is secreted in response to low levels of the mineral

calcium

Increased heat production is called a ___ effect

calorigenic

In regards to their effects on target cells, hormones and neurotransmitters ______.

can produce identical effects on the same target cells

Corticosteroids are synthesized from _______.

cholesterol

The part of the adrenal gland that produces more than 25 steroid hormones, known collectively as the corticosteroids, is the adrenal

cortex

The part of the adrenal gland that produces more than 25 steroid hormones, known collectively as the corticosteroids, is the adrenal ______.

cortex

Any steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex, such as aldosterone, cortisol, and sex steroids is categorized as a(n)

corticosteroid

Sex hormones, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids all belong to the family of hormones called ______.

corticosteroids

The most potent of the glucocorticoids is

cortisol

Somatostatin is produced by the ___ cells in the pancreatic islets.

delta

Somatostatin is produced by the _____ cells in the pancreatic islets.

delta

Estrogen and progesterone contribute to ______.

development of the reproductive system

Beginning at around age 50-55, estrogen levels in females ______.

drop drastically

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an example of a disorder that occurs due to ______.

dysfunction of hormone receptors

Mineralocorticoids regulate the body's ______.

electrolyte balance

An iodine deficiency can cause ______.

endemic goiter

Glands that are ductless and release their secretions into the bloodstream are categorized as ______ glands.

endocrine

Responds more slowly, but has longer lasting effects. This statement best describes the effects of the ______ system.

endocrine

The effects of the ______ system stimulate organs throughout the body and are widespread.

endocrine

The glands, tissues, and cells that secrete hormones constitute the ___ system

endocrine

Chemical signals are the primary method of communication of the _____ system and electrical signals are the primary method of communication of the _____ system.

endocrine, nervous

The study of the glands, tissues, and cells that secrete hormones and of the diagnosis and treatment of their disorders is called ______.

endocrinology

The cells of the stomach and small intestine that secrete enteric hormones targeting the intestines are called ___ cells

enteroendocrine

Like other glands, endocrine glands develop from embryonic ______ tissue

epithelial

The hormone that is secreted by the kidneys and liver and which stimulates red blood cell production is

erythropoietin

A family of steroid hormones known especially for producing female secondary sex characteristics and regulating various aspects of the menstrual cycle and pregnancy is called

estrogens

A family of steroid hormones known especially for producing female secondary sex characteristics and regulating various aspects of the menstrual cycle and pregnancy is called _______.

estrogens

The adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis are both part of the ___ gland

pituitary/hypophysis

A target cell is best described as a cell ______.

possessing a hormone receptor

The part of the pituitary gland that is composed of nervous tissue (nerve fibers and neuroglia), not epithelial tissue, is the ___ pituitary gland

posterior

The pancreas is located retroperitoneally and ______.

posterior to the stomach

The action of glucagon is best described as ______.

promoting glycogenolysis

Parathyroid hormone plays an important role in ______.

raising blood calcium

Hypothalamic tropic hormones are described as ___ hormones if they stimulate pituitary cells to secrete hormones of their own.

releasing

The hypothalamic hormone(s) that stimulate the pituitary to secrete its own hormones is/are ______.

releasing hormones

The function of aldosterone is to stimulate the kidneys to ______.

retain sodium and excrete potassium

The innermost (deepest) layer of the secretory glandular tissue of the adrenal cortex is the zona

reticularis

The innermost (deepest) layer of the secretory glandular tissue of the adrenal cortex is the zona ______.

reticularis

Thyroid follicles are best defined as ______.

sacs in the thyroid filled with thyroglobulin

One commonality between the kidneys, skin, and stomach is the function of:

secreting hormones

As humans age, several endocrine glands undergo involution, which means they ______.

shrink in size

The process of involution refers to the ______ of an organ or gland.

shrinkage

The neurotransmitter, norepinephrine and hormone, glucagon have _____ effects on target cells in the liver.

similar

Because of their foamy appearance, cells of the zona fasciculata are referred to as

spongiocytes

The function of PRL is to ______.

stimulate the mammary glands to synthesize milk

The adrenal glands are located ______.

superior to the kidney

The adrenal glands are found ______.

superior to the kidneys

In the testes, the hormone inhibin is secreted by the _______ cells.

sustentacular

Secretions from the adrenal medulla mimic the effects of the _______ nervous system.

sympathetic

A cell acted upon by a nerve fiber, hormone, or other chemical messenger is called a(n) ___ cell

target

The organs that secrete testosterone, lesser amounts of weaker androgens and estrogens, and inhibin are the

testis

The hormone responsible for the development and general health of the male reproductive tract is _______.

testosterone

The hormone that directly stimulates development of the male reproductive system, secondary sexual characteristics and sustains sperm production and the sex drive throughout adult life is _______.

testosterone

Weak adrenal cortical androgens, which possess little biological activity, are converted to the much more potent androgen called ______.

testosterone

Enteroendocrine cells are best described as cells ______.

that secrete hormones into the stomach and small intestine

The endocrine system may be defined as ______.

the glands, tissues, and cells that secrete hormones

Cortisol is best described as ______.

the most potent of the glucocorticoids

The capsule around each follicle in the ovaries is called the ______.

theca

The gland that is a site of maturation for T lymphocytes is the

thymus

Parafollicular cells are located in the ______.

thyroid

The largest endocrine gland in adults, weighing about 25 g, is the

thyroid

Two similar hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine, synthesized from iodine and tyrosine, can be generally classified as ______ hormones.

thyroid

T3 and T4 are produced by the ______.

thyroid follicular cells

The calorigenic effect is most directly associated with ______.

thyroid hormone

The primary effect of ______ is to increase the body's metabolic rate.

thyroid hormone

The hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates growth of the thyroid gland and secretion of thyroid hormones is ______.

thyroid-stimulating hormone

The abbreviation T4 stands for

thyroxine

The thyroid hormone that is secreted in greatest quantity, with four iodine atoms, is called ______.

thyroxine

Hormones that target another endocrine gland and stimulate that gland to produce more hormones are called ___ hormones

trophic

Hormones that target another endocrine gland and stimulate that gland to produce more hormones are called ______ hormones.

trophic


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