CH 12- MGT exam 3

3 critical psychological states identified by the job characteristics model

-meaningfulness of work -responsibility for work outcomes -knowledge of actual results of the work

reinforcement

anything that causes a given behavior to be repeated or inhibited

According to self-determination theory, people are driven to try to grow and attain fulfillment, and their behavior and well-being is influenced by what 3 innate needs?

competence, autonomy and relatedness

____________________ factors play a role in the job characteristics model. they refer to the degree to which individuals want personal and psychological development.

contingency

Hackman and oldham's job characteristics model is composed of 3 major elements. they are...

core job characteristics work outcomes psychological states

raises and other monetary incentives are examples of ___________________ rewards

extrinsic

competence

feeling qualified, knowledgeable, and capable of completing a goal or task

the 4 motivational mechanisms of goal setting theory

1. it directs your attention 2. it regulates the effort expended 3. it increases your persistence 4. it fosters use of strategies & action plans

order of a simple model of motivation

1. unfulfilled need 2. motivation 3. behaviors 4. rewards 5. feedback

equity theory

focuses on employee perceptions as to how fairly they think they are being treated compared with others it suggests that people compare the ratio of their on outcomes to inputs against the ratio of someone else's outcomes to inputs 3 key elements: inputs (effort, experience, training) outputs comparison

these theories of motivation are characterized as process perspectives on motivation

goal-setting theory equity theory expectancy theory

work satisfaction originates from motivating factors and dissatisfaction originates from hygiene factors. which theory proposes this?

herzberg's two-factor theory ex. the work itself, achievement, and responsibility hygiene factors : supervisors, pay and security, and working conditions are some examples

what model is an outgrowth of job enrichment and identifies characteristics that affect the psychological states of an employee which in turn affects his/her work outcomes?

job characteristics model

Pay for performance, basing pay on one's results, is also known as ____________ pay

merit

physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior are called _____________

needs

according to maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, in order of josephina to seek fulfillment of her love needs, she must first satisfy the following needs

physiological and safety

a pay for performance plan in which an employee is paid according to how much output she or he produces is referred to as

piece rate

According to McClelland's acquired needs theory, a "control freak" might be described as an individual with normal achievement needs, a low level of affiliation needs and a very high level of __________ needs.

power

___________ perspectives on motivation are concerned with the thought processes by which people decide how to act. ex.... how employees choose behavior to meet their needs

process

job simplification

process of reducing the number of tasks a worker performs

intrinsic rewards

satisfaction in performing the task itself. this is the satisfaction, such as feeling of accomplishment, a person receives from performing the particular task itself.

negative reinforcement

strengthening a behavior by withdrawing something negative

profit sharing

the distribution to employees of a % of the company's profit

task significance

the extent to which a job affects the lives of others, whether inside or outside the organization

autonomy

the extent to which a job allows the worker to make choices about scheduling different tasks and/or deciding how to perform them. freedom and discretion to determine what you want to do and how you want to do it

skill variety

the extent to which a job requires a worker to use a wide range of difference abilities and skills

task identity

the extent to which a job requires the worker to perform all the tasks needed to complete the job form beginning to end

feedback

the extent to which workers receive clear, direct info about how well they are performing the job

expectancy theory

the theory of motivation that asserts that motivation is the combination of how much you want something and how likely you think you are to get it

process perspectives

the thought processes by which people decide how to act.

behavior modification

the use of reinforcement theory to change human behavior

positive reinforcement

using rewards or positive consequences to strengthen a particular behabior

extinction

weakening a behavior by ignoring it or making sure its not reinforced

punishment

weakening a behavior by presenting something negative or withholding something positive