ch 19 ap world history
the second leg of the atlantic circuit, transporting slaves across the atlantic to plantation colonies, known as:
the middle passage
what effect did the loss of population due to the slave trade have on africa?
the population was able to recover due to the women and the adoption of new plant foods
Sugar cane was first grown in the west indies by spanish colonists shortly after 1500, but after 1600,
the English and French grew tobacco there
Both Muslims an Europeans obtained slaves from sub-Saharan Africa but
the Islamic trade was much smaller
manumission
A grant of legal freedom to an individual slave.
during "seasoning" _______ of the new slaves
1/3
life expectancy for 19th century slaves was
23 years
in addition to being half as much as slaves, indentured servants only served three to four years while slaves, after their arrival, lived an average of
7 years
During the "sugar boom" from 1650 to 1800, ____ slaves were transported.
7.5 million
During the first 150 years after the European discovery of the Americas, how many Africans were transported in the Atlantic slave trade?
800,000
On most islands, the percentage of slaves in the population was
90%
The "clockwise" network of trade in the Atlantic was the
Atlantic Circuit
Which area best illustrates the dramatic transformation that sugar brought to the 17th century Caribbean?
Barbados
which of the following is true regarding the atlantic trade?
Europeans gained far more wealth than Africans
manumission led to
the development of a large free black population
The African state most dependent on the slave trade was
Dahomey
Generally, the Atlantic African slave trade was based on a partnership between
European merchants and African elites
Although tobacco was a New World plant long used by Amerindians,
It became popular in Europe
Which was NOT a method used to curtail African cultural traditions by European planters?
Mandatory primary education
the maroon community that first signed treaties recognizing their independent status as runaway slaves was
Jamaican
The expansion of sugar plantations in the West Indies required
a sharp increase in the african slave trade
in the eighteenth century, west indian plantations were controlled by a plantocracy.
a small number of rich men who owned the land and slaves
Plantation slaves were motivated to work hard
all of the above
Why was mortality on Atlantic slave ships high?
all of the above
the greatest stock market of the 17th and 18th centuries was the
amsterdam stock exchange
as a result of european colonization, the arawak and carib
became nearly extinct from abuse and disease
manumission was more in
brazil and spanish and french colonies
How did France and England expand their Caribbean holdings?
by attacking older Spanish colonies
in the 17th century Caribbean, indentured servants cost _________ as much as slaves
c) half as much
the french plantations economies were considered "more diverse" because they also produced
coffee and cacao
the english navigation acts in the 1660s were meant to
confine trade to English ships and cargoes
environmental damage to sugar plantations and as cause by
deforestation and soil exhaustion
Most slaves died of
disease
most slaves didd of disease, most common of which was
dysentery
While the British system of mercantilism was defined by the Navigation Acts, the French system used laws known as:
exclusive
some slaves developed deep psychological depression and refused to eat known as
fixed melancholy
Marcantilism is
government policy that controlled/ protects trade and demands gold/silver for capital
Africans trading slaves with Europeans most often preferred to receive in return
guns, hardware, textiles
Where would slave children most likely be found working?
in "grass gangs" doing simple, lighter work.
to reduced the risks of overseas trading companies bought
insurance
sugar plantations in the caribbean cause environmental damage through soil exhaustion and deforestation as well as
introduction of non-native plants and animals
describe the dutch west india company was NOT like
it was never profitable, a private trading company
in the eighteenth century what was the major source of slaves in the interior bight of bafra?
kidnapped people
"drivers" were typically
male slaves
islamic las prohibited the enslavement of
muslims
which of the following is not true of population loss in africa as a result of the slave trade?
population loss was uniform across all areas of West Africa
Most slaves taken from Africa were
prisoners of war
in order to make tobacco trade profitable, european governments used charter companies
private investors with trade monopolies in colonies
The cultivation and production of sugar can best be described as
requiring farm as well as factory production methods
Household slaves in the Islamic world mostly consisted of
servants and concubines and entertainers
Most slaves in the Islamic world were
soldiers and servants
Men outnumbered women on Caribbean plantations because
twice as many men were imported